Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of typhus in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2023 to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control. Methods Excel 2007, SPSS 25.0, Joinpoint 4.9.1.0, and Geoda 1.6 were used for data collection and statistical analysis. Super Map was used for data visualization to describe the changing characteristics of the disease. Results A total of 394 typhus cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2023. The average annual incidence of typhus was 0.054/100 000, showing a dynamic fluctuation trend(AAPC=-3.3, t=-0.3, P>0.05). The cases were mainly concentrated in Baoji, Hanzhong and Xi′an, accounting for 78.68%. The incidence peak was from May to October, accounting for 64.21% of annual incidence. The epidemic season was from May to October and December. The incidence of the disease was concentrated in the 40-69 age group, accounting for 58.88%, and the sex was 1.07:1. The main occupation was farmers, accounting for 72.08%. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 7 days. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there were significant spatial autocorrelations in 11 years from 2005 to 2023(P<0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis detected a total of 43“high-high”clustering areas, mainly concentrated in Baoji City. Conclusions The overall incidence of typhus in Shaanxi Province showed a dynamic fluctuation trend, with notable seasonal and regional aggregation. The incidence of typhus was higher in middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas. Surveillance should be strengthened in typhus endemic areas in summer and autumn, and health education should be conducted for key population to form good health habits and reduce the incidence of typhus.

Objective:To compare the arthroscopic autologous osteochondral transfer (AOT) and arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation (ASA) in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20%.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 42 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20% from January 2022 to January 2023. There were 30 males and 12 females, with an age of (32.2±15.2) years. Altogether 12 left shoulders and 30 right shoulders were affected. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their surgical methods: an AOT group in which 15 cases were treated with AOT and an ASA group in which 27 cases treated with ASA. The Rowe score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and shoulder range of motion were compared between groups at the last follow-up. All the above indexes were compared between pre-surgery and post-surgery in each group. The incidence of complications in the 2 groups was recorded.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P > 0.05). A total of 42 patients were followed up for (17.2±5.9) months after surgery. At the last follow-up, in the ASA group and the AOT group respectively, the Rowe score was (97.0±4.4) points and (98.3±2.4) points, the ASES score (97.9±5.2) points and (99.1±3.7) points, and the VAS score 0 (0, 0) point and 0 (0, 1) point, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05). The above items in the 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, in ASA group and AOT group respectively, shoulder abduction was 169.2°±3.0° and 168.3°±3.1°, and flexion 171.9°±4.0° and 173.3°±4.1°, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05); the abduction 90° external rotation was 67.3°±3.2° in the AOT group, significantly better than that in the ASA group (64.4°±3.5°) ( P < 0.05). The above items in the 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation ( P < 0.05). Follow-ups revealed no infection or osteoarthritis. After surgery, 1 case of shoulder re-dislocation and 6 cases of shoulder pain occurred in the ASA group, while no cases of shoulder re-dislocation or shoulder pain occurred in the AOT group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of complications ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20%, both AOT and ASA can improve shoulder function, but AOT is superior to ASA in 90° external rotation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autologous osteochondral tissue and periosteum transplantation on tendon-bone healing of rotator cuff in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into autologous osteochondral tissue and periosteum transplantation group (experimental group, n=12) and simple suture group (control group, n=12). Both groups were subjected to acute supraspinatus tendon injury and repaired with corresponding techniques. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, 4 specimens from each group were taken from the right shoulder joint for histological examination (HE staining, Masson staining, and Safranin O-fast green staining), and the left shoulder was subjected to biomechanical tests (maximum tensile load and stiffness). RESULTS: Both groups of animals survived until the completion of the experiment after operation. At 4 weeks after operation, both groups showed less collagen fibers and disorder at the tendon-bone junction. At 8 weeks, both groups showed reduced inflammation at the tendon-bone junction, with more organized and denser collagen fibers and chondrocytes. The experimental group showed better results than the control group. At 12 weeks, the experimental group showed typical tendon-bone transition structure, with increased generation of collagen fibers and chondrocytes, and the larger cartilage staining area. Both groups showed an increase in maximum tensile load and stiffness over time ( P<0.05). The stiffness at 4 weeks and the maximum tensile load at 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the experimental group were superior to control group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in stiffness at 8, 12 weeks between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Autologous osteochondral tissue and periosteum transplantation can effectively promote the fiber and cartilage regeneration at the tendon-bone junction of rotator cuff and improve the biomechanical effect of shoulder joint in rabbits.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Male ; Wound Healing ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Periosteum/transplantation* ; Rotator Cuff Injuries ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Tendons/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chondrocytes/transplantation* ; Tendon Injuries/surgery* ; Tensile Strength

Objective:To compare the arthroscopic autologous osteochondral transfer (AOT) and arthroscopic subscapularis augmentation (ASA) in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20%.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 42 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20% from January 2022 to January 2023. There were 30 males and 12 females, with an age of (32.2±15.2) years. Altogether 12 left shoulders and 30 right shoulders were affected. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their surgical methods: an AOT group in which 15 cases were treated with AOT and an ASA group in which 27 cases treated with ASA. The Rowe score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and shoulder range of motion were compared between groups at the last follow-up. All the above indexes were compared between pre-surgery and post-surgery in each group. The incidence of complications in the 2 groups was recorded.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P > 0.05). A total of 42 patients were followed up for (17.2±5.9) months after surgery. At the last follow-up, in the ASA group and the AOT group respectively, the Rowe score was (97.0±4.4) points and (98.3±2.4) points, the ASES score (97.9±5.2) points and (99.1±3.7) points, and the VAS score 0 (0, 0) point and 0 (0, 1) point, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05). The above items in the 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, in ASA group and AOT group respectively, shoulder abduction was 169.2°±3.0° and 168.3°±3.1°, and flexion 171.9°±4.0° and 173.3°±4.1°, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05); the abduction 90° external rotation was 67.3°±3.2° in the AOT group, significantly better than that in the ASA group (64.4°±3.5°) ( P < 0.05). The above items in the 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation ( P < 0.05). Follow-ups revealed no infection or osteoarthritis. After surgery, 1 case of shoulder re-dislocation and 6 cases of shoulder pain occurred in the ASA group, while no cases of shoulder re-dislocation or shoulder pain occurred in the AOT group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of complications ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation complicated with scapular glenoid bone injury less than 20%, both AOT and ASA can improve shoulder function, but AOT is superior to ASA in 90° external rotation.

Objective To develop a new type of automatic moving table controlled by a single-chip microcomputer(SCM)for total body irradiation(TBI)to enable patients to receive prescribed doses of radiotherapy safely and accurately in a comfortable recumbent position.Methods The TBI table was composed of a frame,a moving mechanism and an intelligent control component.The table frame was made up of an aluminum alloy frame,polycarbonate panel,a field compensator and a lead block.The moving mechanism consisted of the driving wheel set and rudder wheel.The intelligent control component included an AT89S51 SCM,a LCD screen,a keyboard,two laser beam detection circuits,two ultrasonic ranging circuits and a pulse width modulation(PWM)power module.Results The TBI table enabled patients to receive precise radiotherapy with prescribed doses in a prone position throughout the treatment,and improved lung protection significantly.Conclusion The TBI table enhances patient comfort during radiotherapy and tolerance of prolonged treatment,while increasing the accuracy and safety of the treatment.

Humans ; Bone Cements/adverse effects* ; Paralysis/etiology*

Objective To test the activity of aromatic pyrrole-based compounds against cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum and test their acute toxicity to fish. Methods A series of aromatic pyrrole-based compounds were synthesized using 4-benzyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-nitrile as the lead compound. The synthesized compounds were prepared into solutions at concentrations of 10.00, 1.00, 0.10, 0.01 mg/L, and the activity of these solutions against S. japonicum cercariae was tested in 30 min, while 0.10 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L niclosamide solutions served as a positive control and dechlorinated water with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a negative control, with 10 to 30 cercariae of S. japonicum in each group. In addition, the compounds were prepared into solutions at concentrations of 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, 0.06, 0.03 mg/L, and their toxicity to zebrafish was tested in 72 h, while 0.15 mg/L and 0.30 mg/L niclosamide solutions served as a positive control and dechlorinated water with 1% DMSO was used as a negative control, with 10 zebrafishes in each group. Results A total of 7 aromatic pyrrole-based compounds were successfully synthesized. Treatment with compounds 102, 104 and 106 at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L for 30 min killed all S. japonicum cercariae, and compounds 105 and 107 showed no activity against cercariae. No death of cercariae was found in the blank control group, while treatment with 0.10 mg/L niclosamide for 10 min caused a 100% mortality rate of S. japonicum cercariae and 0.01 mg/L niclosamide failed to kill S. japonicum cercariae. No zebrafish death was found 72 h post-treatment with compounds 101, 104 and 105 at a concentration of 0.03 mg/L, and exposure to compounds 102, 103 and 106 at a concentration of 0.03 mg/L for 12 h resulted in a 100% mortality rate of zebrafish. No zebrafish death occurred 72 h post-treatment with 0.50 mg/L Compound 104, and no zebrafish death was found in the blank control group, while treatment with 0.30 mg/L niclosamide for 24 h resulted in a 100% mortality rate of zebrafish. Conclusions Compound 104 achieves a 100% mortality rate against S. japonicum cercariae at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L for 30 min, and causes no death of zebrafish at a concentration of 0.50 mg/L for 72 h, which may serve as a cercaricide candidate.

BACKGROUND: Liver inflammation is the main cause of severe liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell therapy topics are receiving increasingly more attention. The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have become one of the most discussed issues. While other stem cells have therapeutic effects, they have only one or two clinical applications. MSCs are responsible for repairing a variety of tissue injuries. Moreover, MSCs could be derived from several sources, including adipose tissue. MSCs are usually more abundant and easier to obtain compared to other stem cells. METHODS: To prove the concept that MSCs have homing ability to the injured tissue and assist in tissue repair, we examined the effects of intravenous injected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in a N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver injury rat model. RESULTS: The significant repairing ability of ADSCs was observed. The levels of fibrosis, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis in the DEN-injured liver tissues all decreased after ADSC treatment. Furthermore, to enhance the therapeutic effects of ADSCs, we pretreated them with L-theanine, which promotes the hepatocyte growth factor secretion of ADSC, and therefore improved the healing effects on injured liver tissue. CONCLUSION ADSCs, especially L-theanine-pretreated ADSCs, have anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-tumorigenesis effects on the N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury rat model.

OBJECTIVE: Preliminary assessment of rabies virus neutralizing activity, safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant human rabies antibody (NM57) compared with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) in Chinese healthy adults. METHODS: Subjects were randomly (1:1:1) allocated to Groups A (20 IU/kg NM57), B (40 IU/kg NM57), or C (20 IU/kg HRIG). One injection was given on the day of enrollment. Blood samples were collected on days -7 to 0 (pre-injection), 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded over a period of 42 days after injection. RESULTS: All 60 subjects developed detectable rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs) (> 0.05 IU/mL) on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. The RVNA levels peaked on day 3 in all three groups, with a geometric mean concentration (GMC) of 0.2139 IU/mL in Group A, 0.3660 IU/mL in Group B, and 0.1994 IU/mL in Group C. At each follow-up point, the GMC in Group B was significantly higher than that in Groups A and C. The areas under the antibody concentration curve over 0-14 days and 0-42 days in Group B were significantly larger than those in Groups A and C. Fifteen AEs were reported. Except for one grade 2 myalgia in Group C, the other 14 were all grade 1. No SAEs were observed. CONCLUSION The rabies virus neutralizing activity of 40 IU/kg NM57 was superior to that of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG, and the rabies virus neutralizing activity of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG were similar. Safety was comparable between NM57 and HRIG.
Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Rabies/prevention & control* ; Rabies Vaccines/adverse effects* ; Rabies virus/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: To explore the differential expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) in myocardial tissues of rats with sudden coronary death (SCD), and to provide ideas for the forensic identification of SCD. METHODS: The rat SCD model was established, and the transcriptome sequencing was performed by next-generation sequencing technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in myocardial tissues of SCD rats were screened by using the R package limma. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 on DEG, and hub genes were screened based on cytoHubba plug-in. Finally, the R package clusterProfiler was used to analyze the biological function and signal pathway enrichment of the selected DEG. RESULTS: A total of 177 DEGs were associated with SCD and were mainly involved in the renin-angiotensin system and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The genes including angiotensinogen (AGT), complement component 4a (C4a), Fos proto-oncogene (FOS) and others played key roles in the development of SCD. CONCLUSIONS Genes such as AGT, C4a, FOS and other genes are expected to be potential biomarkers for forensic identification of SCD. The study based on mRNA expression profile can provide a reference for forensic identification of SCD.
Rats ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Biomarkers