AIM:To assess the influence of preoperative lacrimal passage probing and dilation on the therapeutic effectiveness of nasolacrimal silicone intubation in cases of incomplete primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction(PANDO).METHODS: A retrospective case-control clinical study was conducted. The study included patients with incomplete PANDO who underwent nasolacrimal silicone intubation at the hospital between October 2022 and October 2024. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their receipt of nasolacrimal duct probing and dilation prior to intubation. Group A consisted of patients who had undergone one or more sessions of nasolacrimal duct probing and dilation before nasolacrimal silicone intubation, while Group B included patients who did not receive nasolacrimal duct probing and dilation before intubation. All patients had their nasolacrimal silicone tubes removed 3 mo postoperatively and were monitored for 6 mo following tube removal to evaluate surgical success rates.RESULTS: A total of 136 patients(152 eyes)completed the six-month follow-up period. The overall surgical success rate for both groups was 72.4%(110/152 eyes).Group A included 22 males and 36 females, mean age 58.09±11.07 y, and achieved a success rate of 82.8%(53/64 eyes), while Group B included 27 males and 51 females, mean age 59.35±8.84 y and attained a success rate of 64.8%(57/88 eyes). The difference in surgical success rates between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.014). Furthermore, Group A achieved a complete success rate of 67.2%(43/64 eyes), compared to 47.7%(42/88 eyes)in Group B, with this difference also reaching statistical significance(P=0.017). No serious postoperative complications were observed in either group.CONCLUSION: Nasolacrimal silicone intubation is a safe and effective intervention for incomplete PANDO, with preoperative nasolacrimal duct probing and dilation potentially enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Objective To investigate the influence of preoperative blood lipid levels on postoperative recovery in patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture(AATR).Methods The clinical data of 353 AATR patients treated in Department of Orthopaedics Trauma of our hospital from Jan.2021 to Jan.2024 were retrospectively analyzed,including general clinical information and preoperative fasting blood biochemistry indices.Patients'Achilles tendon total rupture score(ATRS)and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot score were recorded 6 months postoperatively.Postoperative recovery was categorized as favorable if ATRS≥80 and poor if ATRS＜80;similarly,recovery was considered favorable if AOFAS score≥90 and poor if AOFAS score＜90.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the influencing factors of patients'postoperative recovery.Results When categorized by ATRS,patients in the favorable postoperative recovery group exhibited significantly lower serum levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)compared to the poor postoperative recovery group(all P＜0.05).Similarly,when categorized by AOFAS score,the favorable postoperative recovery group had lower serum TG and TC levels than the poor postoperative recovery group(both P＜0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in the ATRS grouping,elevated serum levels of TG,TC and LDL were significantly associated with an increased risk of poor postoperative recovery in AATR patients(all P＜0.05).Similarly,in the AOFAS score grouping,elevated serum levels of TG and TC were significantly correlated with an increased risk of poor postoperative recovery in AATR patients(both P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis further identified that high serum LDL level was an independent predictor of poor postoperative recovery in AATR patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion High preoperative serum LDL level is associated with an increased risk of poor postoperative recovery in AATR patients.Therefore,preoperative blood lipid management in AATR patients may have positive effects on postoperative functional recovery.

Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)refers to a mental disorder characterized by deliberate self-harm behaviors without suicidal intent.The pathogenesis of NSSI remains unclear,but may be related to abnormalities in reward circuitry,pain processing,emotion regulation,impulse control and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.Task state functional MRI(fMRI)provides valuable insights into the intrinsic connections and neural circuits mechanisms underlying NSSI during various task states or behaviors.Research progresses of task state fMRI in pathogenesis of NSSI were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine in diabetic retinop-athy(DR)mice with different methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)genotypes.Methods The DR model mice were created by mating 20 MTHFR-/-mice with 20 wild-type C57 mice.A random number table method was employed to allocate 20 successfully modelled mice into the model group,DAC group,FA group,and FA+DAC group,with five mice assigned to each group.Five untreated MTHFR-/-and wild-type mice served as normal control.After constructing the DR model,the DAC group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.25 mg·kg-1 decitabine once every 5 days;the FA group was given 70 μg·kg-1 folic acid by tube feed once a day;the FA+DAC group was given 0.25 mg·kg-1 decitabine and 70μg·kg-1 folic acid at the same time;and the normal group was given an equal amount of physiological saline.All of the above groups were intervened for 30 days.OCT was employed for the measurement of retinal thickness,OCTA for retinal vascular density,histopathology(HE staining)for pathological changes in the mouse retina,real-time fluorescence quanti-tative PCR for mRNA expression,and Western blot analysis for protein expression levels.Results Compared with the wild-type model group,the degree of increase in retinal thickness and vascular density in the retinal layer was more pro-nounced in the MTHFR-/-mice model group(all P＜0.05).In wild-type mice,retinal thickness and retinal layer vessel den-sity were reduced in the DAC,FA and FA+DAC groups compared to the model group,with the FA+DAC group show-ing the greatest degree of reduction.The differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);In MTHFR-/-mice,reti-nal thickness and vascular density in the retinal layer were reduced in the DAC group and the FA+DAC group compared to the model group(allP＜0.05).HE staining results showed an increased extent of retinal damage in the MTHFR-/-mice model group compared with the wild-type mice model group.Compared with the model group,the DAC group and the FA+DAC group had thinner retinas and more aligned ganglion cell layers in all types of mice,with the FA group having a worse effect and the FA+DAC group having a better treatment effect.The results of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)revealed that the relative expression of the SAHH,MAT2A and DNMT1 proteins in the retinal tissues of the wildtype and MTHFR-/-mice model groups was elevated in comparison to the control group(all P＜0.05).Furthermore,the relative mR-NA expression of the DAC,FA and FA+DAC groups was reduced in comparison to the model group(all P＜0.05).In wild-type mice,the relative expression of MTHFR protein mRNA was decreased in the model group compared with the con-trol group,and increased in the DAC group,FA group,and FA+DAC group compared with the model group(all P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that the relative expression of DNMT1,MAT2A and SAHH proteins in the retinal tissues of the wild-type and MTHFR-/-mice model groups was higher than that of the control group(all P＜0.05),and the relative expression was lower in the DAC,FA,and FA+DAC groups compared with that in the model group(all P＜0.05).In wild-type mice,the relative expression of MTHFR protein in the retinal tissue of the model group was lower than that of the control group,and the relative expression of MTHFR protein in the FA group and the FA+DAC group was elevated com-pared with that of the model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The protective effect of folic acid combined with decit-abine on DR was superior to that of decitabine alone;treatment with folic acid in combination with decitabine may have yielded better efficacy in wild-type DR mice.

A medical group functions as a network of responsibility among various medical institutions within an urban setting.Group management aids in constructing and refining the region's infectious disease prevention and control network,en-hancing the public health level of the city.This article examined the development of an infectious disease prevention and control management system within the medical group.By implementing a comprehensive organizational framework,standardizing stand-ardized management protocols,advancing information technology infrastructure,enhancing personnel training,promoting collabo-ration between hospital specialists and primary care practitioners,and offering remote support services,the group achieved con-sistent improvements in the management of infectious disease personnel,facilities,and protocols across all tiers.The rate of time-ly reporting rate for infectious diseases increased from 97.25％to 99.93％,while the under-reporting rate decreased from 0.25％to 0.00％,resulting in a reporting completeness rate of 100.00％.Furthermore,the introduction of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system led to a reduction referrals for key infectious diseases from 47.19％to 17.43％,thereby significantly enhancing disease management and treatment capabilities.Through this construction,the scale of the medical group's infectious disease prevention and control management system has begun to take shape,laying a solid foundation for the construction of a graded,comprehensive,and major epidemic response system in the region,and providing momentum for the healthy development of the construction of the infectious disease discipline.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection and often leads to acute kidney injury(AKI).The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI is complex,involving multiple factors such as renal ischemia,inflammation and oxidative stress.In recent years,pyroptosis,a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death,has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.Pyroptosis is activated by inflammasomes(e.g.,the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-related protein 3 inflammasome,NLRP3 inflammasome),accompanied by Gas-dermin D(GSDMD)-mediated formation of cell membrane pores and release of cellular contents,which leads to exacerbation of local and systemic inflammatory responses.The mechanism of pyroptosis in sepsis-associated AKI has not been fully elucidated,but AKI is directly involved in the process of renal functional impairment by indu-cing the death of renal tubular epithelial cells and exacerbating the local inflammatory response.Blockade of key molecules in the pyroptosis pathway,such as GSDMD or NLRP3 inflammasome,can significantly alleviate renal injury,suggesting that the pyroptosis pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-associated AKI.This review summarizes the recent research progress on pyroptosis in sepsis-associated AKI,and discuss its cen-tral role in the pathogenesis,particularly focusing on the inflammasome and GSDMD pathways.Additionally,this paper analyzes the potential of focal death inhibition as a therapeutic strategy and proposes future research direc-tions with the expectation of providing references for the treatment of sepsis-related AKI.

Standardized clinical trial reporting is crucial for ensuring the scientific validity,reproducibility,and clinical translational value of reported results.The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials(CONSORT)statement,an internationally recognized guideline for randomized controlled trials(RCTs),has become an important reference standard for writing research papers in medicine since the 2010 version of CONSORT was published.With advancements in scientific research methodologies and the emergence of new forms of clinical trials,the CONSORT working group released an updated version in April 2025,published in journals such as The BMJ.Herein,we provide a systematic interpretation of the core revisions of CONSORT 2025,as well as a comparison with CONSORT 2010 to highlight the key differences.By providing practical,example-based recommendations,we aim to help domestic researchers apply the new guidelines efficiently,thereby improving the quality of clinical trial reports authored by domestic researchers.

A high-quality clinical trial protocol is the cornerstone for ensuring the scientific integrity and ethical compliance of a study.The Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials(SPIRIT)has become the international benchmark for developing clinical trial protocols since its release in 2013.To adapt to the developing trends of open science and patient-centered principles,the SPIRIT group completed a comprehensive update in 2025.While retaining its core structure,this updated guideline introduces a new open science module and incorporates several new elements,including patient and public involvement,trial monitoring,and data sharing,alongside substantial revisions of five pre-existing items.In this article,we critically examine the core revisions in SPIRIT 2025 and,through analysis of representative case studies,illustrate the practical application of the new reporting guideline in drafting trial protocols.Our goal is to to provide Chinese researchers with a valuable reference for understanding and implementing this new reporting guideline,thereby enhancing the quality and rigor of clinical trial protocols developed in the country.

Objective:To observe the clinical study of He Ne laser combine with compound betamethasone local injection in the treatment of alopecia areata(alopecia areata,AA).Methods:This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial,used random number table,100 AA patients who were admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to July 2024 were divided into control group(treated with compound betamethasone local injection,n=50)and study group(treated with He Ne laser combined with compound betamethasone local injection,n=50).The clinical efficacy,conventional scale scores[Skin dermatology life quality index(DLQI),severity of alopecia tool(SALT)],serum inflammatory factors[leukotriene C4,c-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-10(IL-10),soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)],immune function,and adverse reactions between two groups were compared.Results:The total clinical effective rate,IL-10,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+in the study group were higher than those in the control group after treatment,while the DLQI score,SALT score,leukotriene C4,CRP,SIL-2R,and CD8+were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:He Ne laser combined with compound betamethasone local injection in the treatment of AA patients,can improve clinical efficacy,and symptoms,which may be related to the regulation of inflammatory factors and immune function,which is safe and reliable.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection and often leads to acute kidney injury(AKI).The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI is complex,involving multiple factors such as renal ischemia,inflammation and oxidative stress.In recent years,pyroptosis,a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death,has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.Pyroptosis is activated by inflammasomes(e.g.,the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-related protein 3 inflammasome,NLRP3 inflammasome),accompanied by Gas-dermin D(GSDMD)-mediated formation of cell membrane pores and release of cellular contents,which leads to exacerbation of local and systemic inflammatory responses.The mechanism of pyroptosis in sepsis-associated AKI has not been fully elucidated,but AKI is directly involved in the process of renal functional impairment by indu-cing the death of renal tubular epithelial cells and exacerbating the local inflammatory response.Blockade of key molecules in the pyroptosis pathway,such as GSDMD or NLRP3 inflammasome,can significantly alleviate renal injury,suggesting that the pyroptosis pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-associated AKI.This review summarizes the recent research progress on pyroptosis in sepsis-associated AKI,and discuss its cen-tral role in the pathogenesis,particularly focusing on the inflammasome and GSDMD pathways.Additionally,this paper analyzes the potential of focal death inhibition as a therapeutic strategy and proposes future research direc-tions with the expectation of providing references for the treatment of sepsis-related AKI.