Objective To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Sangma Xingbei Tang （SMXBT） in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）. Methods TCMSP and TCMID databases were searched for the active ingredients of SMXBT, the targets of the active ingredients were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database, and the AECOPD-related targets were searched by GeneCards and OMIM databases; the drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by the DAVID database. The drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database, and molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Tools software. Animal experiments were conducted for validation. Results 192 active ingredients were obtained and 1066 targets were predicted in SMXBT. Network analysis showed that the top 3 active ingredients in SMXBT were quercetin, kaempferol, and glycyrrhizin, and the top 3 therapeutic targets were TNF, ALB, and IL-1β, etc. The GO analysis and KEGG showed that the main pathways were the cancer pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the binding energies of glycyrrhizin and AKT1, IL-1β, GFR, SRC, and quercetin and kaempferol and IL-1β were all <−5 kcal·mol. Animal experiments showed that Sangma Xingbei Decoction could treat AECOPD by anti-inflammatory effects and reduce changes in lung tissue structure. Additionally, it could lower the serum inflammatory levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Conclusion SMXBT may act on the targets of AKT1, IL-1β, EGFR, SRC, etc., reduce the serum inflammation levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and improve the lung tissue structure and inflammatory response to achieve the therapeutic effect on AECOPD through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the cancer pathway, and other pathways of action.

Functional dyspepsia （FD） is a prioritized disease category where traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrates distinct therapeutic advantages. The current western medicine treatment for FD is mainly based on proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents， with digestive enzymes， probiotics and antidepressants serving as adjuvant medication， yet such therapies still have certain limitations. TCM treatment for FD includes oral administration of Chinese herbal formulas and Chinese patent medicines， as well as external TCM therapies such as acupuncture and moxibustion， acupoint application， hot medicinal compress therapy， rubbing with ointment， medicinal iontophoresis， auricular acupoint therapy and tui na （Chinese medical massage）. The combined treatment of FD with integrated TCM and western medicine can significantly improve clinical effectiveness and reduce adverse reactions. The common mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of both TCM and western medicine revolve around the core pathological processes of FD， mainly focusing on restoring gastrointestinal motility， regulating the levels of brain-gut peptides， modulating intestinal microecology， and ameliorating inflammatory status. The differential mechanisms lie in the precise targeting feature of western medicine versus the holistic-regulating and multi-target characteristics of TCM， and the two approaches exert a synergistic effect to enhance efficacy. This paper proposes to leverage the advantages of TCM in holistic regulation and the strengths of western medicine in targeted treatment， so as to provide personalized and comprehensive treatment regimens for FD patients.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods The effective components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM database and literature reviews. The targets of effective components were predicted. NSCLC related targets were collected by GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD and Drugbank, combined with the differential genes of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against Lewis lung cancer mice. The intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network diagram of traditional Chinese medicine-active ingredients-core targets. STRING database was used to construct PPI network diagram. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were performed by Metascape database to predict the key targets and active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC, and Schrodinger software was used to perform molecular docking verification. Results The 32 active components and 24 intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. 11 core targets such as ESR1, MAPK1 were found. The mechanism of action may be related to 30 signaling pathways such as cellular senescence, receptor activation, prolactin signaling pathway. Conclusion The active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture act on multiple targets and signaling pathways to regulate complex biological processes. By regulating ESR1 agsinst NSCLC, it may play an important role in improving the survival rate and prognosis of female patients.

Objective This study aimed to provide an effective scientific basis for prevention and control of cockroaches on aircrafts by identifying cockroach-carried pathogens,and assess the insecticidal efficacy of gel bait mediated cockroach control on aircrafts,to provide technical guidance for aircraft disinsection.Methods Cassette-trapping was used to trap cockroaches,and the carried pathogens were detected using bacterial cultivation techniques.The gel bait mediated killing rate was calculated after 1,7,and 30 d by field application of gel bait.Results A total of 411 cockroaches were captured,and all were identified as Blattella germanica.26 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the trapped cockroaches.The killing rates of cockroaches were 58.8％-96.3％with 1-30 day application of gel bait.Statistically significant differences were observed in cockroach killing rates on different days(χ2=58.95,P<0.01).Conclusions B.germanica carry a large variety of pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens and are thus important infectious disease carriers.Gel bait agents have proven to be very effective against cockroaches on aircrafts.

Diabetes is one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases in China. This article discusses the progress of diabetes prevention and control under the leadership of the government and how to integrate the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Center (DPCC) into the work of primary medical and health institutions in Yunnan Province, providing reference and experience for diabetes prevention and control efforts in the central and western regions of China.

Diabetes is one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases in China. This article discusses the progress of diabetes prevention and control under the leadership of the government and how to integrate the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Center (DPCC) into the work of primary medical and health institutions in Yunnan Province, providing reference and experience for diabetes prevention and control efforts in the central and western regions of China.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) or Monge syndrome is a disease that is prevalent at altitude above 2 500 meters. High altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is one subtype of CMS. EPAS1 and EGNL1 are the most critical high-altitude adaptation genes in the genome of the Tibetan population. The HIF-PHD-VHL system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HAPC. The protease encoded by the SENP1 gene regulates hypoxia related transcription factors such as HIF and GATA to affect the expression of EPO or EPOR involved in red blood cell generation. With the development of genetic testing and omics technology, new progress in the fields of metabolomics, proteomics and metabolomics has been made in the pathogenesis of HAPC. The above new research results provide a preliminary basis for bone marrow hematoecology and hematopoietic regulation of HAPC. The diagnostic criteria for CMS have certain limitations, especially in patients with excessive erythrocytosis who should undergo genetic testing recommended for congenital and polycythemia vera. This article provides a review of the latest research on HAPC in various omics techniques, hematopoietic regulation and diagnostic processes which is more conducive to understand the pathogenesis. The clinical diagnosis of excessive erythrocytosis emphasizes the importance of genetic testing.

To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Yunnan Province, explore its risk factors, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a large cross-sectional study, in all, 1 524 DM patients in 16 communities and villages of Yunnan Province who were registered in health service centers were included in this study from August to November 2019. All patients completed a uniform questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, and auxiliary examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of DR. The prevalence rates of DR, mild non-proliferative DR (mild-NPDR), and referable DR (RDR) were 16.0% (244/1 524), 4.5% (69/1 524), and 11.5% (175/1 524), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c)≥7.0% was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.872, 95% CI 1.055-3.323) and RDR ( OR=4.821, 95% CI 2.917-7.969). Blood pressure≥130/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.933, 95% CI 1.112-3.358) and RDR ( OR=1.505, 95% CI 1.063-2.130). In Yunnan Province, 16.0% DM patients had accompanying DR, wherein about 71.7% of them required an ophthalmology referral, and the high incidence of RDR in DM patients was associated with poor control of blood glucose and blood pressure.

Objective To design a novel oxygenator to solve the existing problems of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)machine in high transmembrane pressure difference,low efficiency of blood oxygen exchange and susceptibility to thrombosis.Methods The main body of the oxygenator vascular access flow field was gifted with a flat cylindrical shape.The topology of the vascular access was modeled in three dimensions,and the whole flow field was cut into a blood inlet section,an inlet buffer,a heat exchange zone,a blood oxygen exchange zone,an outlet buffer and a blood outlet section.The oxygenator was compared with Quadrox oxygenator by means of ANSYS FLUENT-based simulation and prototype experiments.Results Simulation calculations showed the oxygenator designed was comparable to the clinically used ones in general,and gained advantages in transmembrane pressure difference,blood oxygen exchange and flow uniformity.Experimental results indicated that the oxygenator behaved better than Quadrox oxygenator in transmembrane pressure difference and blood oxygen exchange.Conclusion The oxygenator has advantages in transmem-brane pressure difference,temperature change,blood oxygen ex-change and low probability of thrombosis.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):23-28]