Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) capable of clearing heat and removing toxin is most commonly used in clinical practice and has the effect of removing fire-heat and toxin. Studies have shown that most of the Ilex plants have the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin, among which the varieties of I. cornuta, I. pubescens, I. rotunda, I. latifolia, and I. chinensis are most widely used. These plants generally contain triterpenoids and their glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical components, especially pentacyclic triterpenoids. According to their skeletons, pentacyclic triterpenoids can be divided into the oleanane type, the ursane type, the lupinane type, etc. Among them, ursane-type components are the most abundant, and 136 species have been found so far. These components have been proved to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombosis, cardiomyocyte-protective, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign literature on Ilex plants with a focus on the research progress on pentacyclic triterpenoids and their pharmacological activities, aiming to provide reference for the development of TCM resources with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin.
Ilex/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals

Prone position ventilation (PPV) is an important protective strategy for lung ventilation, widely used in clinical practice, especially since the novel coronavirus infection pandemic. Since PPV is a non-physiological position, improper implementation and management can lead to serious adverse events such as pressure injury, facial edema, unplanned extubation and (or) reintubation, and even asphyxia. At present, preventive and protective strategies are mainly used to manage PPV-related complications in clinical practice. These strategies not only increase the workload of medical staff and the use of consumables, but also increase the medical cost of patients, further burdening patients and their families economically. To overcome the above problems, the medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of Tianjin Third Central Hospital designed a prone position head auxiliary support device and obtained a national utility model patent (patent number: ZL 2022 2 1751906.3). The device consists of annular plate, folding plate, support frame, reflector and wheel bodies. It serves to reduce pressure on the head and facial skin, while also exposing the mouth, nose, eyes, and ears to the hollow position of the annular plate according to the patient's position. At the same time, the patient's face or side skin can be observed through the lower reflector. The height of the annular plate was adjusted by adjusting the support frame, and the head was raised to reduce facial edema. The setting of strip groove, through hole and hook can sort out the facial pipeline, keep the drainage unobstructed, prevent catheter displacement and unplanned extubation, and has certain clinical promotion and practical value.
Humans ; Prone Position ; Equipment Design ; Respiration, Artificial/methods* ; COVID-19 ; Head ; Patient Positioning

Objective To explore the mechanism of immediate effect regulated by acupuncture on acupoints in patients with migraine without aura(MwoA)during the interictal period.Methods A total of 28 MwoA patients were enrolled and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)were performed at baseline and after acupuncture for 30 minutes.Paired t test was used to compare the differences of regional homogeneity(ReHo)and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC)between two groups.Additionally,the correlation between the changes of rs-fMRI indexes and clinical scores was analyzed.Results In MwoA patients after acupuncture for 30 minutes,the mean regional homogeneity(mReHo)was decreased in the right lingual gyrus and right cere-bellum and was increased in the right middle frontal gyrus,while the z transformation voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity(zVMHC)was significantly decreased in the bilateral cuneus compared with baseline.There was no significant correlation between imaging data and clinical scales.Conclusion Patients with MwoA after acupuncture for 30 minutes show abnormal ReHo and VMHC in multiple brain regions,which suggest that the mechanism of immediate effect may act through regulating pain-related brain regions.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The imbalanced gut microbiota causes damage to the body and disrupts bile acids metabolism, increases susceptibility to CRC, and affects the signaling of farnesol X receptor (FXR), thereby promoting CRC progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of CRC due to its synergistic regulatory effects of multiple components, targets, and pathways. It can regulate gut microbiota, intervene in bile acids metabolism, and activate its receptor FXR to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Based on this, this article discusses the main role of the gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR axis in the development of CRC, and reviews the anti CRC effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine intervention on gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR axis, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

The plants of Rutaceae, with wide distribution in China, have a long history of medicinal use. They contain a wide variety of alkaloids, which include isoquinolines, quinolines, acridones, carbazoles, and indoles. Pharmacological studies have shown that most of these alkaloids have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. This article summarized 378 alkaloids isolated from plants of Rutaceae and their pharmacological effects, aiming to lay a basis for future drug development and sustainable utilization of plant resources.
Alkaloids/chemistry* ; Humans ; Rutaceae/chemistry* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of social support on social avoidance and distress and reproductive concerns in young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. From February 2020 to December 2021, a total of 180 young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital were selected as the research objects using the convenient sampling method. General Data questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCAC) and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) were used to investigate patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation among social support, social avoidance, distress and reproductive concerns in young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Structural equation models was used to explore the mediating effect of social support between social avoidance and distress and reproductive concerns. A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 172 were effectively received, with an effective recovery of 95.56% (172/180) .Results:The total score of SADS of young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy was (18.98±3.15), the total score of RCAC was (59.85±5.03), and total score of Social Support Rating Scale was (33.53±4.25). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that social avoidance, distress was positively correlated with reproductive concerns ( r=0.810, P<0.01), and social support was negatively correlated with reproductive concerns and social avoidance and distress ( r=-0.570, -0.612; P<0.01). Structural equation model results showed that social support played a partial mediating role between social avoidance and distress and reproductive concerns. Conclusions:Social support plays a mediating effect between social avoidance and distress and reproductive concerns in young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Medical and nursing staff should provide more social support for young breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, reduce reproductive concerns and improve quality of life.

Objective To investigate the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni in diarrhea cases in Jiangsu. Methods Stool specimens of diarrhea cases in Jiangsu Campylobacter jejuni surveillance program were collected in 2020. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated and cultured by the double-well filtration membrane method, and the isolated strains were identified using a fully automated biochemical identification system. Results The positive rate of Campylobacter jejuni in diarrhea cases was 8.38%, with the highest positive rate of Campylobacter jejuni in the diarrhea group of 4-17 years old (27.59%), and the lowest positive rate in the group of 0-3 years old (4.05%). In terms of seasonal distribution, the highest positive rate of Campylobacter jejuni was found in summer (June-August) (9.81%). The positive rate of Campylobacter jejuni in blood stool was the highest (7.39%). Vegetables and their products had the highest positive rate among different categories of suspected foods (33.33%). In terms of processing or packaging methods, catering service food had the highest positive rate (17.46%). In addition, school/institutional collective canteens had the highest positive rate (28.57%) among various eating places. The differences in the positive rates of Campylobacter jejuni among different age groups and different categories of suspected food were statistically significant. Conclusion The monitoring of Campylobacter jejuni in adolescent population should be strengthened, and at the same time, the surveillance and management of vegetables and their products, food service foods and school/institutional collective canteens should be further strengthened.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Eight sesquiterpenoids were isolated from petroleum ether extract of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum by various column chromatography techniques including silica gel, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic data as(4S,5S,7R,10S)-5,7-dihydroxy-11-en-eudesmane(1),(7R,10S)-eudesma-4-en-11,15-diol(2),(2R,4S,5R,7R)-2-hydroxyeremophila-9,11-dien-8-one(3), 7α-H-9(10)-ene-11,12-epoxy-8-oxoeremophilane(4),(+)-9β,10β-epoxyeremophila-11(13)-en(5), 4(14)-eudesmene-8α,11-diol(6), 12,15-dioxo-selina-4,11-dien(7), and 2β,8 aα-dihydroxy-11-en-eremophilane(8). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and their absolute configurations were determined by calculating ECD. Compounds 1, 4, and 6-8 could significantly improve taurocholic acid(TCA)-induced gastric mucosal GES-1 cell injury at a concentration of 20 μmol·L~(-1), and the cell protection rates were 23.51%±2.79%, 16.10%±1.25%, 24.45%±4.89%, 17.48%±2.93%, and 21.44%±2.39%, respectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry*