Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anticoagulant efficacy and safety of nafamostat mesylate （NM） in the treatment of uremic patients at high risk of bleeding undergoing continuous veno-venous hemofiltration （CVVH） with different methods （pre- dilution and post-dilution）. METHODS A total of 130 uremic patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent CVVH treatment in the nephrology department of Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital from July 2023 to September 2024 were selected. They were divided into pre-dilution group and post-dilution group according to the random number table method， with 65 cases in each group. Both groups of patients received CVVH treatment under NM anticoagulation. The pre-dilution group adopted the pre-dilution replacement method， while the post-dilution group adopted the post-dilution replacement method. The coagulation， pressure， and usage duration of the filter and dialysis circuit venous reservoirs were compared between the two groups. The changes in prothrombin time （PT）， prothrombin time-international normalized ratio （PT-INR）， activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， and fibrinogen （FIB） in the peripheral venous blood before the heparin pump and after the filter at 1， 4 and 7 h of CVVH treatment， as well as 20 min after the end of treatment， were compared between the two groups. The single-compartment urea clearance rate （spKt/V）， β2-microglobulin （β2-MG） clearance rate and the incidence of adverse reactions were duni2007@foxmail.com compared between the two groups. RESULTS Both the pre-dilution and post-dilution groups had 60 patients who completed the study. The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ coagulation of the filter and venous reservoirs， as well as the number of patients with transmembrane and venous pressure alarm intervention in the post- dilution group were significantly higher or more than those in the pre-dilution group （P＜0.05）， while usage time of the filter and the pipeline in the post-dilution group was significantly shorter than that in the pre-dilution group （P＜0.05）. The APTT values before the heparin pump as well as PT and APTT values after the filter at 1 h， 4 h， and 7 h of CVVH treatment in the post-dilution group were significantly higher than those in the pre-dilution group （P＜0.001）. There were no significant differences in PT， PT- INR， APTT and FIB between the two groups of patients 20 min after the end of treatment （P＞0.05）. The spKt/v and β2-MG clearance rates in the post-dilution group were significantly higher than those in the pre-dilution group （P＜0.001）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS When NM is used as an anticoagulant in the CVVH treatment of uremic patients at high risk of bleeding， compared with the pre-dilution treatment method， the post-dilution treatment method has a higher incidence of filter and dialysis tubing venous reservoir， a shorter usage time of the filter and pipeline， and a greater impact on extracorporeal coagulation， but has a higher solute clearance rate. Clinically， different dilution methods can be selected according to the different treatment needs of patients.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprints for the different extracts from Coptidis Rhizoma，and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity in vitro to analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis. Methods Nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were prepared, and establish the HPLC fingerprints for them. The antibacterial rate of each extract was determined by the broth microdilution method with Staphylococcus aureus as the test bacteria. The grey relational analysis （GRA） method was used to analyze the correlation between the fingerprint data and the in vitro antibacterial test data. Results The HPLC fingerprints of nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were established, nine common characteristic fingerprint peaks were calibrated, and 5 peaks were identified by the reference substance comparison method. GRA analysis experiments showed that the correlation between nine peaks and antibacterial effect was 0.559 1~0.803 3; and the peak 3, peak 8 （palmatine hydrochloride）, peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） were positively correlated with the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus,while the peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） had the strongest effect, and its correlation degree was 0.803 3. Conclusion The effective substance of antibacterial was preliminarily determined through the study of spectrum-effect relationship for Coptidis Rhizoma extracts,which may be the alkaloids, mostly containing hydrochloride, which provided a reference for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Coptidis Rhizoma.

Objective To explore the clinical factors influencing complete response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Methods Clinical data of LARC patients treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Beijing Shijitan Hospital between January 2013 and December 2024 were retrospectively collected. All patients received nCRT, after which surgery or a watch-and-wait approach was adopted based on treatment response. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors influencing complete response. A clinical prediction model was constructed based on the multivariable analysis results, and its predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 113 eligible patients were included. After nCRT, 19 patients (16.8%) achieved complete response, including 3 with clinical complete response and 16 with pathological complete response. Univariable analysis indicated that pretreatment clinical N stage, extramural venous invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and neoadjuvant treatment regimen were associated with complete response after nCRT (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified pretreatment extramural venous invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and neoadjuvant treatment regimen as independent influencing factors for complete response (P<0.05). A prediction model incorporating these independent factors yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.813 (95% confidence interval: 0.713-0.913), with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 60.6%, demonstrating good predictive performance. Conclusion Pretreatment extramural venous invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and neoadjuvant treatment regimen are independent factors influencing complete response after nCRT in LARC patients. The prediction model combining these factors may assist in evaluating treatment efficacy following nCRT in LARC patients.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） is a common chronic respiratory disorder frequently accompanied by diaphragmatic dysfunction during its course， which significantly increases respiratory burden and impairs quality of life. As the primary inspiratory muscle， the diaphragm is prone to fatigue， atrophy， inflammation， and fibrosis during the long-term progression of COPD. Its pathological mechanisms involve multiple pathways such as inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， apoptosis， ion channel abnormalities， epigenetic regulation， autophagy disorder， and protein metabolism imbalance. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has demonstrated multi-targeted and systemic regulatory advantages in improving diaphragmatic function in COPD. However， related studies remain fragmented， and integrated mechanistic understanding is lacking. This paper focuses on the mechanism-target-TCM intervention framework， systematically summarizing the molecular mechanisms of diaphragmatic dysfunction， while incorporating the TCM theory of Zongqi（ancestral Qi）. It highlights the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal formulas， single herbs， and active components in modulating inflammation， oxidative stress， mitochondrial function， ion channels， epigenetic processes， autophagy， and protein homeostasis. Additionally， the review outlines existing challenges， including insufficient study volume， unbalanced selection of herbal prescriptions， limited mechanistic depth， inconsistent disease models and experimental designs， lack of standardized diaphragmatic function assessment， and weak clinical validation. Future research should strengthen the integration of TCM and modern medicine， identify additional therapeutic targets， deepen mechanistic research， and establish unified and standardized experimental systems to advance the theoretical foundation and clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD-related diaphragmatic dysfunction.

The theory of constitution in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has emerged as a new discipline in recent years. Constitution plays a vital role in the onset，progression，transformation，and prognosis of diseases. At present，some clinical scholars have adopted a novel diagnostic and treatment model of "constitution differentiation-disease identification-syndrome differentiation"，in which constitution is regarded as a core element throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Constitution is closely associated with etiology，onset，pathogenesis，syndrome differentiation，and treatment. Against this background，the construction of animal models based on constitution holds far-reaching significance for advancing clinical research. This paper focuses on the construction and evaluation of rodent models with Qi-deficiency constitution，aiming to explore how to further induce Qi-deficiency syndromes and related disease states on the basis of Qi-deficiency constitution models，thereby developing an integrated animal model that embodies the trinity of "constitution-disease-syndrome". The establishment of this model not only provides a solid experimental foundation for the development of new therapies and drugs in TCM targeting specific constitutions，diseases，and syndromes，but also greatly promotes the modernization and scientific advancement of TCM theory. By comprehensively applying multidisciplinary technologies and methods，the study evaluates the model's validity，reliability，and practicality，with the aim of opening new avenues for future research in TCM and promoting the development of the field.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） is a common chronic respiratory disorder frequently accompanied by diaphragmatic dysfunction during its course， which significantly increases respiratory burden and impairs quality of life. As the primary inspiratory muscle， the diaphragm is prone to fatigue， atrophy， inflammation， and fibrosis during the long-term progression of COPD. Its pathological mechanisms involve multiple pathways such as inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， apoptosis， ion channel abnormalities， epigenetic regulation， autophagy disorder， and protein metabolism imbalance. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has demonstrated multi-targeted and systemic regulatory advantages in improving diaphragmatic function in COPD. However， related studies remain fragmented， and integrated mechanistic understanding is lacking. This paper focuses on the mechanism-target-TCM intervention framework， systematically summarizing the molecular mechanisms of diaphragmatic dysfunction， while incorporating the TCM theory of Zongqi（ancestral Qi）. It highlights the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal formulas， single herbs， and active components in modulating inflammation， oxidative stress， mitochondrial function， ion channels， epigenetic processes， autophagy， and protein homeostasis. Additionally， the review outlines existing challenges， including insufficient study volume， unbalanced selection of herbal prescriptions， limited mechanistic depth， inconsistent disease models and experimental designs， lack of standardized diaphragmatic function assessment， and weak clinical validation. Future research should strengthen the integration of TCM and modern medicine， identify additional therapeutic targets， deepen mechanistic research， and establish unified and standardized experimental systems to advance the theoretical foundation and clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD-related diaphragmatic dysfunction.

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer have been continuously rising. Smoking is a crucial modifiable factor contributing to the high incidence of lung cancer, and quitting smoking is of great significance for the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer patients. This article systematically reviews the harms of smoking to lung cancer patients, such as carcinogenic substances triggering lung cancer, affecting the course of the disease, and the improvement of prognosis after quitting smoking. It also analyzes the current situation of smoking cessation among lung cancer patients, who face numerous difficulties and have a relatively small number of successful quitters. Meanwhile, this article provides a detailed introduction to the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods for smoking cessation interventions. This includes the explanation of the pathophysiology of smoking cessation, psychological supportive therapies [brief psychological intervention and 5A’s model (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) psychological counseling], and pharmacotherapies (nicotine-based and non-nicotine-based smoking cessation medications). In addition, it covers the behavioral intervention therapies for smoking cessation, including the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, cognitive behavior theory model, capacity opportunity motivation-behavior (COM-B) theoretical model, information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, timing is right (TIR) theoretical model, and the economic incentive intervention model. Although some of the current intervention methods lack the support of clinical randomized controlled studies, existing research and practice have confirmed their positive effects on smoking cessation among lung cancer patients. It is hoped that relevant intervention methods can be further improved in the future to help lung cancer patients improve their quality of life.

Nursing education has undergone a significant transformation as a result of artificial intelligence (AI). Chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, have emerged as vital AI technologies within the nursing domain as it is a computer program designed to simulate human conversation through text or voice interactions. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to gain insights into the publication trends, citation impact, and thematic evolution in nursing education and practice concerning ChatGPT and chatbots. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSViewer, concentrating on citation networks for data analysis and visualisation. A review of LENS.org identified 344 relevant research publications regarding chatbots and ChatGPT within the nursing discipline, all of which were utilised in the study. The study examined various aspects, including types of publications, prominent authors, leading journals, participating nations, institutions, and the impact of ChatGPT on nursing practice. The primary objectives included categorising the papers, identifying the most influential authors, delineating the prominent areas and institutions in the field, and examining the impact of ChatGPT on nursing education and practice. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. The findings indicate that journal articles accounted for 76% of publications, with the U.S. leading in research output. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on establishing frameworks for integrating ChatGPT into nursing education, addressing ethical implications, and assessing the long-term impacts on patient care.