Dong Nai province in southern Viet Nam was among the hardest hit in a measles outbreak in 2024–2025 with over 7000 cases. Our analysis outlines major takeaways for measles control in recommending the need for strengthened surveillance, digital communication and intersectoral collaboration to address immunization gaps and build health system resilience in Viet Nam.

Objective: To describe caregiver burden, quality of life, and associated factors among primarycaregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital in 2025.Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 primarycaregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital from August 2025 to March 2026.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including general characteristics; the ZaritBurden Interview (ZBI), the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF),the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Katz Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), andthe Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).Results: The mean caregiver burden score was 36.1 ± 15.3, and 38.2% of caregivers had highcaregiver burden (ZBI 41–88, including moderate-to-severe and severe burden). The meanoverall quality-of-life score was 53.2 ± 8.7, with 35.3% classified as having low quality of life.In multivariable analysis, high caregiver burden was independently associated with higherfinancial stress and greater patient dependence in daily activities, while low quality of lifewas independently associated with caregiver age ≥40 years and greater patient dependence.Conclusion: A notable proportion of primary caregivers of cancer patients had high caregiverburden and low quality of life. Higher financial stress and greater patient dependence were associatedwith high caregiver burden, whereas caregiver age ≥40 years and greater patient dependencewere associated with low quality of life. The findings suggest that oncology services should screencaregiver burden and consider timely financial, practical, and psychosocial support for high-riskcaregivers. (PDF) Caregiving burden, quality of life, and some related factors among primary caregivers of cancer patients at Thai Binh General Hospital in 2025. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/408219248_Ganh_nang_cham_soc_chat_luong_cuoc_song_va_mot_so_yeu_to_lien_quan_o_nguoi_cham_soc_chinh_nguoi_benh_ung_thu_tai_Benh_vien_Da_khoa_Thai_Binh_nam_2025#fullTextFileContent [accessed Aug 18 2026].

Dengue fever remains a major mosquito-borne disease in Southeast Asia, with increasing incidence in rapidly urbanizing settings. In Vietnam, Hanoi has experienced recurrent outbreaks; however, comprehensive analyses of recent dengue epidemiology in northern regions remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue in Hanoi from 2018 to 2022. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using routine dengue surveillance data collected by the Hanoi Center for Disease Control. All clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed dengue cases reported between January 2018 and December 2022 were included. Temporal trends were examined using descriptive analysis of monthly and annual incidence rates. District-level incidence rates were calculated and visualized using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping. Serotype distribution was examined using available virological data. A total of 46,650 dengue cases were reported during the study period. Dengue transmission occurred annually, with substantial inter-annual variability; the highest incidence was recorded in 2022 (236 per 100,000 population), while the lowest occurred in 2021 (41 per 100,000 population). A clear seasonal pattern was observed, with cases increasing from June and peaking between September and November. Spatial analysis revealed marked heterogeneity, with higher incidence consistently observed in peri-urban districts. All four dengue virus serotypes co-circulated, with DENV-1 and DENV-2 predominating and a shift toward DENV-2 dominance in later years. Dengue transmission in Hanoi exhibits pronounced seasonal and spatial patterns influenced by urbanization and ecological factors. Strengthening pre-season vector control activities and district-level surveillance may help reduce outbreak risk and maintaining integrated epidemiological and virological surveillance is essential to mitigate future outbreaks.

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a silent disease with low screening rates in many developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system to screen osteoporosis from pelvic and hip radiographs in Vietnam. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary medical center in Central Vietnam in 2023. A total of 2000 consecutive pelvic and hip radiographs from patients aged ≥ 40 years were collected. After excluding poorquality images, 1987 radiographs were analyzed using an AI-based software designed to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) from plain radiographs and derive T-scores. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score ≤ − 2.5. Patient characteristics, radiographic findings, and risk factors for osteoporosis were analyzed. Results: Among 1987 patients (mean age 66.4 ± 15.1 years; 41.3% men), osteoporosis was identified in 872 patients (43.9%). The prevalence increased with age and was higher in women than in men (58.7% vs 22.8%, P < 0.001). Osteoporosis was associated with femoral neck (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.7–5.2) and intertrochanteric fractures (OR = 7.0, 95% CI: 4.5–11.0). Patients with lower T-scores had a higher risk of hip fractures, especially those with T-scores ≤ − 3.0 (OR = 11.5, 95% CI: 5.5–24.5). Conclusions AI-based analysis of pelvic and hip radiographs is a feasible and effective tool for osteoporosis screening in Vietnam. The prevalence of osteoporosis in this hospital-based setting was high, particularly among elderly women.AI-assisted screening may offer an accessible strategy for early detection of osteoporosis in resource-limited settings.

Background: While advanced age is a known risk factor for postoperative complications following hip arthroplasty, its role as an independent predictor versus a surrogate for comorbidity remains unclear, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the independent impact of age on postoperative outcomes and explore the mediating role of key comorbidities in a resource-limited setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 769 adult patients undergoing hip arthroplasty at a Vietnamese tertiary hospital (2021–2024), categorized into three groups: younger adults (18–64 years), older adults (65–79 years), and oldest old (≥80 years). The primary outcome was a composite of major postoperative complications. Multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used to identify independent predictors and assess mediation effects. Results: Among 769 patients, 363 were younger (47.2%), 241 older adults (31.3%), and 165 oldest old (21.5%). Complication rates increased significantly with age (18.7%, 36.9%, and 60.0%, respectively; p<0.001). However, multivariable adjustment showed that age was not an independent predictor. Instead, heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.19–13.74) and preoperative anemia (aOR=1.77, 95% CI 1.21– 2.59) were identified as independent risk factors. Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of age on complications was significantly mediated through preoperative anemia. Conclusion Increased postoperative risk in older adults is driven by comorbidity burden rather than chronological age. Preoperative anemia and heart failure are critical, independent predictors, with anemia acting as a key mediator for the effects of age. Individualized correction of modifiable comorbidities may be more beneficial than using age alone to assess surgical risk.

Background: s/Aims: The critical view of safety (CVS) prevents bile duct injury, but severe inflammation hinders its achievement.This study evaluated the parkland grading scale (PGS) as a real-time intraoperative predictor of CVS attainment in a Southeast Asian population, establishing standardized clinical data for future artificial intelligence applications. Methods: This prospective observational study (January–June 2025) included 88 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy by a single surgeon. PGS was assessed upon initial laparoscopic inspection. We analyzed correlations between PGS, CVS attainment (Strasberg’s criteria), operative time, and bail-out procedures using Spearman’s correlation and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Severe inflammation (PGS grade 4–5) was observed in 31.8% of patients. PGS exhibited a strong negative correlation with CVS score (p = −0.652; p < 0.001) and strong positive correlations with operative time and blood loss. A PGS threshold of 4 accurately predicted CVS failure (area under the curve = 0.863). Bail-out procedures were necessary in 11 cases (12.5%), all occurring in the PGS ≥ 4 group. Advanced age and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for CVS failure. Conclusions The PGS serves as a precise intraoperative early warning system. A score ≥ 4 indicates a significant risk of CVS failure, prompting safer bail-out strategies. Additionally, this study provides a standardized dataset vital for training future autonomous surgical risk assessment models.

Mirizzi syndrome type IV, a rare and complex form of biliary obstruction, has traditionally required major open surgery. This case report describes a groundbreaking alternative: a 44-year-old woman successfully treated using a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach.The less invasive procedure resulted in rapid, complication-free recovery, with no evidence of biliary stricture at the 6-month follow-up. This outcome challenges conventional management and demonstrates that a minimally invasive approach can be both feasible and highly effective in carefully selected patients.

Coronary CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) is a noninvasive alternative to invasive FFR for assessing the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. CT-FFR uses routinely acquired coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with artificial intelligence and computational fluid dynamics to estimate pressure gradients, thereby supporting clinical decisionmaking without procedural risk. Adoption and implementation vary widely across regions. In Asia, South Korea exclusively uses HeartMedi+, which enables rapid analysis, streamlined workflow integration, and high user satisfaction. Japan relies primarily on FFR CT, which has national reimbursement and significantly influences treatment strategies, reducing unnecessary invasive procedures. Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam remain in early or exploratory phases due to cost, reimbursement, and infrastructure barriers. In the United States, CT-FFR is guideline-endorsed and reimbursed, where HeartFlow is the most widely used, supported by robust clinical validation and outcome data. Despite regional variability, CTFFR offers a noninvasive solution that enhances patient management, reduces unnecessary invasive testing, and is poised for broader clinical integration as technology and validation advance.

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that degrades proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, and its role in cancer depends on stage and context. Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) is an essential enzyme in the sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway, but its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the regulation of autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that FDFT1 acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in HCC cells. Loss of FDFT1 led to increased autophagosome formation and fusion with lysosomes, whereas its overexpression suppressed both basal and induced autophagy. These changes were associated with AMPK–ULK1 signaling, suggesting that FDFT1 influences a central pathway controlling autophagy. Our findings connect cholesterol metabolism with autophagy regulation and tumor growth, highlighting FDFT1 as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in liver cancer.

Background: In the targeted therapy era, the indication for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has ex-panded to include patients with multiple brain metastases (BMs). This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with 1–4 versus 5–10 BMs, all treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and upfront Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 74 consecutive EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with 1–10synchronous BMs treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs and upfront Gamma Knife SRS at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital from 2021 to 2024. Patients were divided into 1–4 BMs (n=39) and 5–10 BMs (n=35) groups. Primary endpoints were intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. Median iPFS wasnot reached in the 1–4 BMs group and 19 months in the 5–10 BMs group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.17; p=0.31). Median OS was not reached in the 1–4 BMs group and was 23 months in the 5–10 BMs group (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91–1.16; p=0.41). Multivariate analysis revealed extracranial response (HR 4.30, p<0.01 for iPFS; HR 7.29, p<0.01 for OS) and presence of extracranial metastases (HR 3.20, p=0.01 for iPFS) as the only independent prognostic factors; number of BMs was not prognostic. Radionecrosis occurred in 6.8%, of which 2.7% were symptomatic. Conclusion In EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving TKIs and upfront Gamma Knife radiosur-gery, the survival time in patients with 5–10 BMs was comparable to that with 1–4 BMs. The number of BMs should not be regarded as a contraindication for SRS in this subgroup.