BACKGROUND

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a common tool for assessing autonomic nervous system activity and monitoring training load in athletes. However, limited research has explored how HRV responds to different forms of resistance training, particularly in high-intensity intermittent sports like basketball and football.

This study aims to compare the acute HRV responses between neuromuscular and metabolic training in collegiate athletes involved in high-intensity intermittent sports.

A comparative cross-sectional study with a quasi-experimental crossover design will be employed.

Collegiate athletes will be randomly assigned to undergo both neuromuscular and metabolic training sessions with a one-week wash-out period in between. HRV data will be recorded using the Polar H10 chest strap during each session.

Descriptive statistics will summarize salient participant characteristics and HRV measurements. Inferential analysis will use paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests based on normality, assessed via the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. All statistical analyses will be conducted using the IBM SPSS (ver.25) with a confidence interval set. at 95% and a critical α equal to 0.05.

Neuromuscular training is expected to elicit higher low-frequency (LF) power and an increased LF/HF ratio, reflecting greater sympathetic activation, while metabolic training is expected to show lower LF power and a decreased LF/HF ratio, indicating a more balanced autonomic response. These findings will offer insights into the differential autonomic impacts of these training modalities.

Background: Vitamin B12 is one of the common drugs used by physicians to treat peripheral neuropathy (PN), although many patients have a good response, however, overdose and toxicity aggravate the condition and worsen the patient’s symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to highlight association between Vitamin B12 toxicity and deterioration of PN symptoms. Case Summary: An elder Sudanese man with acute onset of sensory PN, the patient’s symptoms started by tingling sensations and paresthesia affecting both hands and feet. After patient received cobalamin (vitamin B 12) prescribed by his doctor, the patient symptoms were markedly aggravated and his condition worsened to extend that impaired the normal patient ordinary work. No symptoms related to motor system. Other possible etiologies were studied and excluded. Investigations of his condition revealed blood level of B12 was 1900 pg/mL, the patient condition improved dramatically with discontinuation of the drug. Conclusion Cobalamin toxicity aggravate sensory PN symptoms. Clinicians are advised to adjust the dose and check Cobalamin level before and during treatment to avoid its toxicity.
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Vitamin B 12

Background and Objective: Premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden exhibits one of three circadian types, classified as fast-type, slow-type, and independent-type PVC. It is unknown whether PVC circadian types have different heart rate variability (HRV) parameter values. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate differences in HRV circadian rhythm among fast-, slow-, and independent-type PVC. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study consecutively recruited 65 idiopathic PVC subjects (23 fast-, 20 slow-, and 22 independent-type) as well as five control subjects. Each subject underwent a 24-hour Holter to examine PVC burden and HRV. HRV analysis included components that primarily reflect global, parasympathetic, and sympathetic activities. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences in HRV circadian rhythm by PVC type. Results. The average PVC burden was 15.7%, 8.4%, and 13.6% in fast-, slow-, and independent-type idiopathic PVC subjects, respectively. Global, parasympathetic nervous system, and sympathetic nervous system HRV parameters were significantly lower in independenttype PVC versus fast- and slow-type PVC throughout the day and night. Furthermore, we unexpectedly found that tendency towards sympathetic activity dominance during nighttime was only in independent-type PVC. Conclusion The HRV parameters are reduced in patients with independent-type PVC compared to fast- and slowtype PVC. Future research is warranted to determine possible differences in the prognosis between the three PVC types.
Ventricular Premature Complexes ; Circadian Rhythm ; Autonomic Nervous System

Humans ; Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/pathology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Patients ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology* ; Brain/pathology*

Estrogen impacts neural development; meanwhile, it has a protective effect on the brain. Bisphenols, primarily bisphenol A (BPA), can exert estrogen-like or estrogen-interfering effects by binding with estrogen receptors. Extensive studies have suggested that neurobehavioral problems, such as anxiety and depression, can be caused by exposure to BPA during neural development. Increasing attention has been paid to the effects on learning and memory of BPA exposure at different developmental stages and in adulthood. Further research is required to elucidate whether BPA increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanisms, as well as to assess whether BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, influence the nervous system.
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism* ; Estrogens ; Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology* ; Nervous System/metabolism*

Gastrointestinal Motility ; Parasympathetic Nervous System

Objective: To study the clinicopathological characteristics, and further understand primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma (PCNSTCL) in children and adolescents. Methods: Five cases of PCNSTCL in children and adolescents were collected from December 2016 to December 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypic, and molecular pathologic features were analyzed, and relevant literatures reviewed. Results: There were two male and three female patients with a median age of 14 years (range 11 to 18 years). There were two peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, two anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive and one NK/T cell lymphoma. Pathologically, the tumor cells showed a variable histomorphologic spectrum, including small, medium and large cells with diffuse growth pattern and perivascular accentuation. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed CD3 expression in four cases, and CD3 was lost in one case. CD5 expression was lost in four cases and retained in one case. ALK and CD30 were expressed in two cases. One tumor expressed CD56 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. All cases showed a cytotoxic phenotype with expression of TIA1 and granzyme B. Three cases had a high Ki-67 index (>50%). T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was clonal in two cases. Conclusions: PCNSTCL is rare, especially in children and adolescents. The morphology of PCNSTCL is diverse. Immunohistochemistry and TCR gene rearrangement play important roles in the diagnosis.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Central Nervous System/pathology* ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology* ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics* ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Child ; Adolescent

Humans ; Meningioma/pathology* ; Central Nervous System/pathology* ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; World Health Organization ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology*

Humans ; Child ; Glioma/pathology* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Central Nervous System/pathology* ; World Health Organization ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology* ; Mutation

Child ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nervous System ; Nervous System Diseases