OBJECTIVES: Wild-caught Microtus fortis (M. fortis) at the age of 9-15 months can develop epithelial ovarian cancers similar to human epithelial ovarian cancers under natural conditions during experimental animal breeding, but its pathological types and biological characteristics remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the biological characteristics of spontaneous ovarian cancer in M. fortis, intending to develop M. fortis as an animal model for human epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: The female M. fortis (9-15 months old) with spontaneous ovarian cancer were selected as the experimental group, and healthy M. fortis from the same litter were selected as the control group. The ovarian pathological changes of the two groups were observed by dissection. Blood routine and biochemical indicators were measured by biochemical analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the ovarian cancer tissue of M. fortis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of common ovarian cancer markers, and real-time RT-PCR was used to analyze the transcription levels of ovarian cancer-related genes. RESULTS: Spontaneous ovarian cancer in M. fortis mainly affects both ovaries, with tumors appearing solid or cystic. HE staining and histopathological analysis confirmed that the ovarian tumors originated from ovarian surface epithelium. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly decreased hemoglobin (P<0.01), hematocrit (P<0.05), albumin (P<0.05), and blood glucose levels (P<0.01), while lymphocyte percentage (P<0.05), monocyte percentage (P<0.05), cholesterol (P<0.01), and progesterone (P<0.01) levels were significantly increased. Expression of ovarian cancer-related genes, including ID3, CDC42, RHOA, RB1CC1, NF1, PIN1, MIB1, PDS5A, MCM7, and MLH1, was significantly downregulated (all P<0.05), while PAX8 gene expression was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein was mainly distributed throughout the cell, with significantly higher expression in ovarian cancer M. fortis. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) was expressed in both healthy and ovarian cancer M. fortis and was distributed throughout the cell. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1B) and progesterone receptor (PR) protein were highly expressed in the ovarian tissue of healthy M. fortis but were significantly reduced in the ovarian cancer M. fortis, though both were located in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous ovarian cancer in M. fortis is serous ovarian cancer. Compared to healthy M. fortis, significant differences were observed in ovarian tissue morphology, biochemical indicators, ovarian cancer-related gene expression, and protein expression, which show similarity to the biological characteristics of human serous ovarian cancer. This suggests that M. fortis could be an ideal animal model for studying human serous ovarian cancer.
Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism* ; Ovary/pathology*

Humans ; Thymoma/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thymus Neoplasms/surgery* ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Objective: To investigate the gene mutation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter in inverted urothelial lesions of the bladder and its significance in differential diagnosis. Methods: From March 2016 to February 2022, a total of 32 patients with inverted urothelial lesions diagnosed in Department of Pathology at Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital and 24 patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were collected, including 7 cases of florid glandular cystitis, 13 cases of inverted urothelial papilloma, 8 cases of inverted urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential, 17 cases of low-grade non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma, 5 cases of high-grade non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma, and 6 cases of nested subtype of urothelial carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical data and histopathological features. TERT promoter mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in all the cases. Results: No mutations in the TERT promoter were found in the florid glandular cystitis and inverted urothelial papilloma. The mutation rates of the TERT promoter in inverted urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential, low grade non-invasive inverter urothelial carcinoma, high grade non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma and nested subtype urothelial carcinoma were 1/8, 8/17, 2/5 and 6/6, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of TERT promoter among inverted urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential, low-grade non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma, and high-grade non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma (P>0.05). All 6 cases of nested subtype of urothelial carcinoma were found to harbor the mutation, which was significantly different from inverted urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential and non-invasive inverted urothelial carcinoma (P<0.05). In terms of mutation pattern, 13/17 of TERT promoter mutations were C228T, 4/17 were C250T. Conclusions: The morphology combined with TERT promoter mutation detection is helpful for the differential diagnosis of bladder non-invasive inverted urothelial lesions.
Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Urinary Bladder/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Retrospective Studies ; Mutation ; Cystitis/genetics* ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis* ; Papilloma/diagnosis* ; Telomerase/genetics*

Humans ; Consensus ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Specimen Handling ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of bronchial sialadenoma papilliferum (BSP). Methods: Four cases of BSP collected at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from May 2018 to June 2021 were retrieved and analyzed. These cases were evaluated for their clinical, histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and genomic features. The patients were followed up and relevant literature was reviewed. Results: All four patients were male, aged from 55 to 75 years (mean 62 years), with tumor diameter of 6 to 21 mm (mean 13.5 mm), and lesions were located in the left lower lobe (n=2), right lower lobe (n=1), and trachea (n=1). They were characterized by a combination of surface exophytic endobronchial papillary proliferation and an endophytic two-cell layered ductal structure. IHC staining showed that CK7 and EMA were strongly positive in ductal epithelium; p63, p40, CK5/6 were positive in ductal and papillary basal cells; SOX10 was positive in ductal epithelium and basal cells; S-100 was positive in basal cells and ductal epithelium in two cases. Next generation sequencing showed that two cases harbored BRAF V600E mutation. Conclusions: BSP is an extremely rare primary lung tumor arising from the salivary gland under bronchial mucosa. The primary treatment choice of this tumor is complete surgical resection. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this tumor depend on classic histomorphologic and IHC features, and BRAF V600E gene mutation can be detected.
Aged ; China ; Epithelium/pathology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology* ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/surgery*

Thymic tumor is a relatively rare type of thoracic cancer, which is pathologically-classified as thymic epithelial tumors by World Health Organization (WHO), including thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The incidence of thymic epithelial tumors in China is about 4.09 per million, which is slightly higher than that in European and American countries. For surgically-resectable thymic epithelial tumors, complete resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is preferred. For advanced unresectable disease, conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment but lack of standard first-line and second-line regimens. In recent years, targeted drugs and the immune checkpoint inhibitors have gradually exhibited certain therapeutic prospect in this subset of tumor. Since there was no guideline regarding thymic epithelial tumor released in China, Multidisciplinary Committee on Oncology, Chinese Physicians Association analyze, summarize and discuss the relevant research data for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors, and formulate the "Chinese guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (2021 Edition)" for clinicians' reference.
China ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/therapy* ; Thymoma/therapy* ; Thymus Neoplasms/therapy*

Humans ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Thymoma ; Thymus Neoplasms ; Thyroid Neoplasms

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cooperation of patients plays an essential role during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for successful outcomes. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a patient-positioning device (EZ-FIX®) during ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasm.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 86 consecutive patients with gastric epithelial neoplasm scheduled for ESD at the Pusan National University Hospital were included and randomly assigned to the EZ-FIX® (n=44) or non-EZ-FIX® (n=42) groups. The primary outcomes measured were endoscopist satisfaction profiles and contribution level of EZ-FIX® to the procedure.RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding patients' clinicopathologic characteristics, though the mean procedure time was longer in the EZ-FIX® group (P=0.044). In the EZ-FIX® group, 16 patients (36.4%) were categorized as a contribution group. Subgroup analysis between the contribution and non-contribution groups revealed that the contribution group had a larger lesion size (P=0.043) and a longer procedure time (P=0.037) and showed a higher patient's movement score (P < 0.001) with a higher dosage of propofol (P=0.004) and pethidine (P=0.001) required. Endoscopist satisfaction scores on sedation (P < 0.001) and overall procedure (P=0.010) were lower in the contribution group.CONCLUSIONS: Thus, EZ-FIX® might be helpful especially for patients who are expected to exhibit uncooperative sedation or those with a large lesion size, which would necessitate a longer procedure time.
Busan ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Patient Positioning ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is widely accepted as standard treatment for early gastric cancer; however, long-term management of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection is an important issue that is gaining much attention. Several prospective and retrospective studies have reported that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication can reduce the risk of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection. Although there is lack of sufficient data regarding this subject, a few studies have reported histologically proven improvement in atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia following H. pylori eradication in patients undergoing endoscopic resection. Therefore, treatment for H. pylori eradication should be considered in this patient population to reduce the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer and improve long-term outcomes.(
Gastritis, Atrophic ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metaplasia ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) and Copenhagen index (CPH-I) for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases in patients with ovarian mass. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 719 women with pelvic mass, and the performance of preoperative serum levels of CA125 and HE4, ROMA and CPH-I for differential diagnosis of the masses was compared. RESULTS: Of the 710 women analyzed, 531 were diagnosed with benign ovarian lesions, 44 with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), 119 with epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), and 25 with non-EOCs. In differentiating ovarian cancer (OC) and BOT from benign lesions, the area under the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.854 for HE4, 0.856 for ROMA, 0.854 for CPH-I, and 0.792 for CA125, demonstrating better diagnostic performance of HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I than CA125 alone; the diagnostic sensitivity was 56.9% for HE4, 70.2% for CA125, 69.1% for ROMA, and 63.8% for CPH-I; the specificity was the best with HE4 (94.4%) and CPH-I (94.7%). In sub-analysis of EOC benign lesions, the AUCs of HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I increased to 0.946, 0.947, and 0.943, respectively, all greater than that of CA125 (0.888). In other sub-analyses, HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I all showed greater AUCs than CA125 alone. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the accuracy of HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I for differentiating malignant from benign ovarian mass, and all these 3 tests show better performance than CA125. Furthermore, HE4 and CPH-I is superior to ROMA and CA125 in terms of specificity, while CA125 and ROMA have better diagnostic sensitivities.
Algorithms ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; CA-125 Antigen ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2