INTRODUCTION: Testicular tumours in childhood have diverse characteristics for different age ranges. This study aimed to describe the pattern, presentation and outcomes of primary testicular tumours in a paediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2020 on children (≤18 years) with a diagnosis of primary testicular tumour. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, pathology, treatment and outcomes of these patients were analysed. The data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to find the statistical significance, which was set at P value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The study included 115 males, with 85 (73.9%) patients in the prepubertal age range with a mean age of 2.53 ± 2.06 years and 30 (26.1%) patients in the postpubertal group with a mean age of 15.73 ± 1.25 years. Yolk sac tumour was the most common (62.6%) histological subtype. Majority (46.1%) of patients had stage I disease on presentation, while 29.6% had stage IV disease. All patients underwent upfront high inguinal radical orchiectomy, which was followed by platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in 67% of the patients. The five-year event-free survival and overall survival for all patients were 75% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION Primary testicular tumours follow a bimodal age distribution pattern. Majority of patients can be cured with platinum-based chemotherapy despite having advanced disease at presentation.
Humans ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms/mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Orchiectomy/methods* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Staging ; Infant ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor/therapy* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has emerged as an indispensable therapeutic modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its clinical application experience remains limited, and the associations between various clinical factors and treatment benefits remain undefined. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC in a real-world setting, analyze survival outcomes among subgroups with diverse clinical characteristics, and identify potential clinical predictive factors for pathological response. METHODS: This study included patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC who underwent radical lung resection after 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy at Peking University People's Hospital between August 2019 and March 2024. Medical records and follow-up information were collected to analyze therapeutic response, adverse events and survival outcomes. Logistic analysis was used to identify clinical predictors of pathological response. RESULTS: Among 183 enrolled patients, 116 (63.4%) were stage III. Grade 3-4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in 39 (21.3%) patients. Radiographic complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was achieved in 118 (64.5%) patients. R0 resection was achieved in 180 (98.4%) patients. Major pathologic response (MPR) was observed in 107 (58.5%) patients, with 78 (42.6%) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR). Squamous cell carcinoma and radiographic objective response were associated with pathological response (pCR/MPR). With a median follow-up of 22.1 [interquartile range (IQR): 18.3-32.2] months, the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 82.5% and 90.4%, respectively. Achievement of pathological response (pCR/MPR) was correlated with prolonged survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is safe and effective for patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC. Patients achieving pCR or MPR exhibit significantly better survival benefits from neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma and radiographic objective response can serve as clinical predictors of pathological response.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality* ; Male ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Adult ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is a malignant tumor with remarkable proliferative and invasive ability, which has very poor clinical prognosis due to lack of effective treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and synergistic effects of radiotherapy (RT) combined with immunotherapy (IT) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients with ES-SCLC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 145 ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line CT. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank tests were used to evaluate survival outcomes, while propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce confounding factors. RESULTS: The median overall survival (mOS) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) for the entire cohort were 15.7 and 6.9 mon, respectively. The IT+CT group had a significantly longer mOS compared to the CT group (17.2 vs 13.5 mon, P=0.047). Similarly, the RT+CT group demonstrated superior mOS (18.5 vs 12.3 mon, P<0.001) and mPFS (7.1 vs 6.2 mon, P=0.006) compared to the CT group. Multivariate analysis identified RT, IT, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) as independent prognostic factors for mOS (P<0.05), while gender and ECOG PS were independent predictors for mPFS (P<0.05). Following PSM, the RT+CT group continued to exhibit significant advantages in mOS (18.0 vs 12.1 mon, P<0.001) and mPFS (7.1 vs 5.5 mon, P=0.037) compared to the CT group. Notably, the RT+IT+CT group achieved a markedly longer mOS than the IT+CT group (28.5 vs 15.8 mon, P=0.017). Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 27.6% of patients, with no grade 5 adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS The combination of RT, IT, and CT significantly enhances the prognosis of ES-SCLC patients. RT plays a key role in their synergistic effects and demonstrates good safety, warranting further research and clinical application.
Humans ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/mortality* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Immunotherapy ; Prognosis ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Adult ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged, 80 and over

The study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis factors of primary esophageal small-cell carcinoma (PESC). The clinical records and follow-up data of 100 patients with PESC were collected, and the clinicopathological features and treatments were examined. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and abdominal pain were the most common initial symptoms in the 100 patients with PESC. The primary tumor site mainly occurred in the middle of the chest (51%, 51/100), and the ulcer type was the most common under gastroscope (31%, 31/100). One or more positive markers of epithelial origin were present in all of the enrolled patients. At the time of diagnosis, 80 cases had limited disease (LD) and 20 cases had extensive disease (ED). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of PESC patients were 57.0%, 18.0%, and 11.0%, respectively, with a median survival time (MST) of 13.8 months. In all PESC patients, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the significant prognostic factors included the lesion length (=2.661, <0.001), TNM staging (=1.464, =0.016), and treatment methods (=0.333, <0.001). Besides, in patients with LD, the lesion length (=2.638, =0.001) and treatment methods (=0.285, <0.001) were independent prognostic factors. The MST of patients in surgery + chemotherapy group (21.6 months) was longer than that of the surgery only group (8.3 months, =0.021), while patients in surgery+ chemotherapy+ radiotherapy group were also associated with a longer MST than the chemotherapy + radiotherapy group (31.0 months, 9.8 months, respectively; <0.001). PESC is a rare esophageal malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Our findings reveal that the lesion length, TNM staging, and treatment method are independent prognostic factors for PESC patients. Moreover, surgery-based comprehensive treatments may prolong the survival of patients with LD.
Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of tumor deposits(TD)in N0 stage gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed on clinicopathological data of 751 N0 stage gastric cancer patients who underwent subsequent R0 gastrectomy from January 2011 to February 2013 at Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital. Patients were divided into TD-negative group (688 cases) and TD-positive group (63 cases). Propensity score matching was used to balance the covariances between the two groups, such as age, gender, differentiation degree, tumor location, T stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, extent of resection, tumor size, surgical procedure,and chemotherapy. Matching was performed by the minimal adjacent method of 1:2 pairing. The survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier method,and differences between the curves were detected by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to perform univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: After matching,56 patients were allocated into the TD-positive group and 112 patients into the TD-negative group, and the baseline of clinicopathological data of 2 groups matched well (all P>0.05). The median follow-up time was 55.2 (12.0-83.2) months, and 3 patients were lost to follow-up (died of other diseases). In TD-positive group, 38 patients died of gastric cancer and 1 died of other disease. In TD-negative group, 52 patients died of gastric cancer and 2 died of other diseases. The TD-positive group had lower 5-year survival rate than TD-negative group (31.0% vs. 52.9%,χ²=6.230, P=0.014). Subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate of T1-2 stage TD-positive patients was significantly lower than that of T1-2 stage TD-negative patients (47.1% vs. 92.6%, χ²=11.433,P<0.001),while the difference between two groups with T3-4 stage (23.8% vs. 40.0%, χ²=2.995,P=0.084)was not significant. In patients receiving chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate of TD-positive group was significantly lower than that of TD-negative group(34.1% vs. 54.8%, χ²=4.122, P=0.042). Further subgroup analysis showed that patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy of TD-positive group both in T1-2 stage (63.6% vs. 100%, χ²=3.830,P=0.048) and in T3-4 stage (24.2% vs. 48.4%, χ²=4.740,P=0.029) had significantly lower 5-year survival rates than those of TD-negative group. However,T1-2 stage TD-positive patients receiving chemotherapy had significantly higher 5-year survival rate as compared to those without receiving chemotherapy(63.6% vs. 16.7%, χ²=5.474,P=0.019).Univariate analysis revealed T stage (HR=1.829, 95%CI:1.490-2.245, P<0.001),perineural invasion (HR=2.620, 95%CI:1.617-4.246,P<0.001),tumor size (HR=1.646, 95%CI:1.078-2.512, P=0.021),TD(HR=1.691,95%CI:1.112-2.572,P=0.014) were associated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis showed TD-positive (HR=2.035, 95%CI:1.325-3.126, P=0.001), later T stage (HR=1.812, 95%CI: 1.419-2.313,P<0.001), perineural invasion (HR=1.782,95%CI:1.058-3.002,P=0.030) were independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS TD is an independent risk factor for N0 stage gastric cancer,and may be closely related to T stage. Patients with TD-positive stage T1-2 should receive chemotherapy, but the prognosis of TD-positive patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy is poorer as compared to TD-negative patients. Therefore, more individualized treatments should be administrated.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinicopathological features and the prognosis between patients with adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) and with adenocarcinoma of gastric antrum (AGA), and to investigate the prognostic factors of AEG and AGA. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on clinicopathological data of 239 AEG patients (AEG group) and 313 AGA patients selected simultaneously (AGA group) undergoing operation at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2001 to December 2012. INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) receiving radical surgery (R0 resection); (2) AEG or AGA confirmed by pathological examination of postoperative tissue specimens; (3) without preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy; (4) complete clinicopathological and follow-up data; (5) patients who died of non-tumor-related causes were excluded. Chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used to determine differences in clinicopathological factors between two groups. The overall survival (OS) of patients was compared by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Multivariate prognosis analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: As compared to AGA group, AEG group had higher proportion of male [82.0%(196/239) vs. 65.2%(204/313),χ²=19.243,P<0.001], older age [(60±10) years vs. (55±12) years, t=4.895, P<0.001], larger tumor diameter [(5.6±2.4) cm vs. (5.0±3.3) cm, t=2.480,P=0.013], more T4 stage[64.8%(155/239) vs. 55.6%(174/313),Z=-3.998, P<0.001], and more advanced tumor stage [stage III:60.7%(145/239) vs. 55.6%(174/313),Z=-2.564,P=0.010]. There were no statistically significant differences in serum albumin or hemoglobin between two groups (all P>0.05). The 5-year OS rate was 33.5% and 56.9% in AEG group and AGA group respectively and the median OS was 60.0(3.0-60.0) months and 33.6(3.0-60.0) months respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In AEG group, univariate analysis showed that differences of hemoglobin level (5-year OS rate: 24.0% for <130 g/L, 39.9% for ≥130 g/L, P=0.006), tumor diameter (5-year OS rate: 41.9% for <5 cm,28.8% for ≥5 cm, P=0.014), N stage (5-year OS rate: 42.2% for N0, 40.9% for N1, 31.7% for N2, 15.8% for N3a, 9.0% for N3b, P<0.001) and TNM stage (5-year OS rate: 56.2% for stage I, 38.5% for stage II, 28.3% for stage III,P=0.017) were statistically significant (all P<0.05); multivariate analysis revealed that the worse N stage was an independent risk factor of prognosis survival for AEG patients(HR=1.404,95%CI:1.164-1.693, P<0.001), and serum hemoglobin level ≥130 g/L was an independent protective factor of prognosis survival for AEG patients (HR=0.689,95%CI:0.501-0.946,P=0.021). In AGA group, univariate analysis showed that differences of serum albumin (5-year OS rate: 49.1% for <40 g/L, 61.1% for ≥ 40 g/L, P=0.021), tumor diameter (5-year OS rate: 74.2% for <5 cm, 39.9% for ≥ 5 cm, P<0.001), T stage (5-year OS rate: 98.3% for T1,83.3% for T2,50.0% for T3,36.8% for T4, P<0.001), N stage (5-year OS rate: 89.0% for N0, 62.3% for N1, 50.0% for N2, 33.9% for N3a, 10.3% for N3b, P<0.001) and TNM stage (5-year OS rate: 97.3% for stage I, 75.8% for stage II, 32.8% for stage III, P<0.001) were statistically significant (all P<0.05); multivariate analysis revealed that the worse T stage (HR=1.516,95%CI:1.060-2.167,P=0.023) and the worse N stage (HR=1.453,95%CI:1.209-1.747,P<0.001) were independent risk factors for prognosis of AGA patients. CONCLUSIONS As compared to AGA, AEG presents have poorer prognosis,and is easier to present with later pathological stage and larger tumor diameter. N stage and hemoglobin level are independent factors associated with the OS of AEG patients. T stage and N stage are independent factors associated with the OS of AGA patients.
Adenocarcinoma ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Esophagogastric Junction ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Pyloric Antrum ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term survival outcomes of Siewert II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) between transthoracic (TT) approach and transabdominal (TA) approach. METHODS: The databases of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department and Thoracic Surgery Department in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2006 to 2014 were integrated. Patients of Siewert II AEG who underwent resection were retrospectively collected. INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) adenocarcinoma confirmed by gastroscopy and biopsy; (2) tumor involvement in the esophagogastric junction line; (3) tumor locating from lower 5 cm to upper 5 cm of the esophagogastric junction line, and tumor center locating from upper 1 cm to lower 2 cm of esophagogastric junction line; (4)resection performed at thoracic surgery department or gastrointestinal surgery department; (5) complete follow-up data. Patients at thoracic surgery department received trans-left thoracic, trans-right thoracic, or transabdominothoracic approach; underwent lower esophagus resection plus proximal subtotal gastrectomy; selected two-field or three-field lymph node dissection; underwent digestive tract reconstruction with esophagus-remnant stomach or esophagus-tubular remnant stomach anastomosis above or below aortic arch using hand-sewn or stapler instrument to perform anastomosis. Patients at gastrointestinal surgery department received transabdominal(transhiatal approach), or transabdominothoracic approach; underwent total gastrectomy or proximal subtotal gastrectomy; selected D1, D2 or D2 lymph node dissection; underwent digestive tract reconstruction with esophagus-single tube jejunum or esophagus-jejunal pouch Roux-en-Y anastomosis, or esophagus-remnant stomach or esophagus-tubular remnant stomach anastomosis; completed all the anastomoses with stapler instruments. The follow-up ended in January 2018. The TNM stage system of the 8th edition UICC was used for esophageal cancer staging; survival table method was applied to calculate 3-year overall survival rate and 95% cofidence interval(CI); log-rank test was used to perform survival analysis; Cox regression was applied to analyze risk factors and calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI. RESULTS: A total of 443 cases of Siewert II AEG were enrolled, including 89 cases in TT group (with 3 cases of transabdominothoracic approach) and 354 cases in TA group. Median follow-up time was 50.0 months (quartiles:26.4-70.2). The baseline data in TT and TA groups were comparable, except the length of esophageal invasion [for length <3 cm, TA group had 354 cases(100%), TT group had 44 cases (49.4%), χ²=199.23,P<0.001]. The number of harvested lymph node in thoracic surgery department and gastrointestinal surgery department were 12.0(quartiles:9.0-17.0) and 24.0(quartiles:18.0-32.5) respectively with significant difference (Z=11.29,P<0.001). The 3-year overall survival rate of TA and TT groups was 69.2%(95%CI:64.1%-73.7%) and 55.8% (95%CI:44.8%-65.4%) respectively, which was not significantly different by log-rank test (P=0.059). However, the stage III subgroup analysis showed that the survival of TA group was better [the 3-year overall survival in TA group and TT group was 78.1%(95%CI:70.5-84.0) and 46.3%(95%CI:31.0-60.3) resepectively(P=0.001)]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the TT group had poor survival outcome (HR=2.45,95%CI:1.30-4.64, P=0.006). CONCLUSION The overall survival outcomes in the TA group are better, especially in stage III patients, which may be associated with the higher metastatic rate of abdominal lymph node and the more complete lymphadenectomy via TA approach.
Adenocarcinoma ; classification ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; Databases, Factual ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagogastric Junction ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; classification ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Analysis ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures

BACKGROUND: An artificial intelligence system of Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) is newly developed for the diagnosis of metastatic lymph node (LN) in rectal cancer patients. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively verify its accuracy in clinical use. METHODS: Four hundred fourteen patients with rectal cancer discharged between January 2013 and March 2015 were collected from 6 clinical centers, and the magnetic resonance imaging data for pelvic metastatic LNs of each patient was identified by Faster R-CNN. Faster R-CNN based diagnoses were compared with radiologist based diagnoses and pathologist based diagnoses for methodological verification, using correlation analyses and consistency check. For clinical verification, the patients were retrospectively followed up by telephone for 36 months, with post-operative recurrence of rectal cancer as a clinical outcome; recurrence-free survivals of the patients were compared among different diagnostic groups, by methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards regression model. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between any 2 factors among the numbers of metastatic LNs separately diagnosed by radiologists, Faster R-CNN and pathologists, as evidenced by rradiologist-Faster R-CNN of 0.912, rPathologist-radiologist of 0.134, and rPathologist-Faster R-CNN of 0.448 respectively. The value of kappa coefficient in N staging between Faster R-CNN and pathologists was 0.573, and this value between radiologists and pathologists was 0.473. The 3 groups of Faster R-CNN, radiologists and pathologists showed no significant differences in the recurrence-free survival time for stage N0 and N1 patients, but significant differences were found for stage N2 patients. CONCLUSION: Faster R-CNN surpasses radiologists in the evaluation of pelvic metastatic LNs of rectal cancer, but is not on par with pathologists. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.chictr.org.cn (No. ChiCTR-DDD-17013842).
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Artificial Intelligence ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pathologists ; Radiologists ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; mortality ; pathology

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the survival time of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with different organ metastasis. Among all cancers, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer is the highest worldwide, which may caused by local recurrence and distant metastasis, and the location of metastasis may predict the prognosis of patients. METHODS: A total of 117,542 patients with NSCLC diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) databases, and the relationship between distant metastasis and survival time was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of all the 117,542 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer, 42,071 (35.8%) patients had different degrees of distant metastasis during their medical history, including 26,932 single organ metastases and 15,139 multiple organ metastases, accounting for 64.0% and 36.0% of the metastatic patients respectively. Compared with patients with no metastasis, whose median survival time was 21 months, the median survival time of patients with metastases was 7 months (lung), 6 months (brain), 5 months (bone), 4 months (liver), and 3 months (multiple organ) respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.001, except liver vs multiple organ P=0.650); Most patients with NSCLC (88.4%) eventually died of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Distant metastasis of NSCLC patients indicates poor prognosis. In NSCLC patients with single organ metastasis, the prognosis of lung metastasis is the best, and liver metastasis is the worst, and multiple organ metastasis is worse than single organ metastasis.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms ; mortality ; secondary ; Brain Neoplasms ; mortality ; secondary ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet, limited is known about patterns of cancer and risk factors for advanced stage cancers in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 919 patients with biopsy-confirmed cancers at Tikur Anbessa Hospital in Ethiopia, 2010 to 2014. Pearson chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were females (72.4%). The commonest malignancies among males were bone and soft tissue (16.5%), colorectal (12.2%), and esophageal (9.1%). Among females, the most common cancers were cervical (39.7%), breast (18.3%), and ovarian (7.1%); of these, 41.7%, 59.0%, and 42.6% were diagnosed at advanced stages, respectively. Females had more advanced stage cancers at diagnosis than males (37.6% vs. 24.8%, P < 0.01). Among males, 46.7% of prostate and 29.0% of colorectal cancers were in advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Delay in presentation from onset of symptoms was associated with advanced cancer among females (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.69–6.10). Prostate cancer among males (OR = 5.22; 95% CI = 1.26–21.60) and breast cancer among females (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.23–3.03) were more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages. CONCLUSIONS: Cancers with effective screening tests are common in Ethiopia and significant proportions of these were diagnosed at advanced stages, typically several months after onset of symptoms. Timely access to preventive care along with effective educational and screening strategies is needed in Ethiopia for early detection and treatment of common malignancies, such as cervical, breast and colorectal cancers.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Ethiopia ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Risk Factors