Objective: A method was established to obtain fingerprint and determination of six components in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Pieces (GRRP) based on HPLC-PDA, and samples with four kinds of softening methods (showering moistening, steaming, 70 ℃ decompression steaming, 85 ℃ decompression steaming) were analyzed. Methods: The content of total flavonoids and total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid as reference materials. Simultaneous determination of six components of liquiritin, ononin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, echinatin, glycyrrhizic acid was performed based on HPLC. Changes of the components content in the samples which treated by different softening methods were compared. The similarity evaluation of samples with different softening methods was carried out by the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine, and cluster analysis was also carried out. Results: The results showed that the content of total flavonoids and total saponins in untreated samples was the highest, and the content of total flavonoids and total saponins in samples treated by showering moistening was the lowest. The three treatment methods of atmospheric pressure steaming, steaming decompression at 70 ℃ and steaming decompression at 85 ℃ had little effect on the samples. The content determination showed that the content of isoliquiritin was decreased significantly after softening treatment. The difference among the different softening treatment groups was not significant. The samples with different softening methods of the three batches of samples were grouped together with their raw products. Different softening methods had no significant difference in the composition of the medicinal herbs. Conclusion: The established method can quickly and accurately determine the six components, and in particular, the content of isoglycyrrhizin should be monitored. Combining production efficiency, production cost and quality evaluation, steaming is the most feasible in the production process. This study provided theoretical guidance for the large-scale production of softening, which was conducive to further standardizing the production process of GRRP.

To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) fingerprint of Puerariae Lobatae Radix from different habitats and simultaneously determine the contents of six isoflavonoids. The UPLC fingerprint analysis and content determination were performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7 μm) chromatographic column,with acetonitrile-0. 05% formic acid as mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm; the flow rate was 0. 2 mL·min~(-1); the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 2 μL. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) was adopted; principal component analysis( PCA) and discriminant analysis by partial least square method( PLS-DA) in Simca-P software were used to identify the differential components in samples from three habitats. The similarity was over 0. 90 in 29 batches of samples,indicating good consistency of the samples. The samples were clustered into 3 categories by PCA and PLS-DA,and six differential components such as puerarin apioside,daidzin,and isoflavoues aglycone were found. The determination results of 6 isoflavones,including 3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin,3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin apioside,daidzin,and isoflavoues aglycone,showed that the content of the same component and the fluctuation range between different components were all different among different habitats. The total content of 6 isoflavones from different regions was Anhui 11. 21% >Henan 10. 97% >Shannxi 9. 38%. The establishment of UPLC fingerprint combined with simultaneous determination of 6 active components provides a more comprehensive reference for quality control and quality evaluation of Puerariae Lobatae Radix.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Pueraria ; chemistry

In order to determine the quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma,15 batches of standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma were prepared by using standardized process. Parameters such as traits,p H value,indicative component content,fingerprint similarity,composition transfer rate and dry extract rate were selected as the indexes for quality evaluation. Similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were performed for HPLC fingerprint of standard decoction,and mathematical model was used to study the correlation between dry extract rate,berberine content,berberine transfer rate in standard decoction and berberine content in decoction pieces. The results showed that the similarity of fingerprints was greater than 0. 99 for these 15 batches of standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma. In cluster analysis,the standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma from 4 producing areas were classified into 3 categories,consistent with the content determination results,indicating that there were quality differences among different producing areas.R2 in three linear regression mathematical models established was all greater than 0. 9,with significant difference. The validation of three batches of data showed that the models had good accuracy. Therefore,this model can be used to predict the quality of standard decoction prepared from different Coptidis Rhizoma pieces. In the standard decoction process established in this study,the integrity of the traditional process was greatly preserved,and the established quality evaluation method could be used to comprehensively examine the quality of the standard decoction,which can provide a demonstration for the related research of water extraction preparation containing Coptidis Rhizoma pieces.
Berberine/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coptis/chemistry* ; Coptis chinensis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Linear Models ; Quality Control ; Rhizome/chemistry*

Objective To study the performance of knee arthroscopy in patients with acute posteromedial corner injury and to explore the use of arthroscopy to help diagnosis. Methods From April to August 2017, the arthroscopic posteromedial corner after operation of 7 cases of acute knee joint injury patients data were retrospectively studied, treatment are in the same group. They were two man and three women, 37 ~ 59 years of old (average 49.6 years). All patients were selected for preoperative MRI to indicate medial collateral ligament damage. The VAS score was evaluated preoperative. When check-up knee flexion and 30° valgus stress test positive and 0° valgus stress test positive. Intraoperative arthroscopy was performed to confirm the injury of the Posteromedial corner. The medial meniscus was formed or stitched. The medial collateral ligament and Posteromedial corner were repaired. The knee X-ray examination were measured preoperative and in 2 months after surgery, Evaluation of the knee VAS score in 2 months after surgery. Results All patients were followed up for 2 months. The medial meniscus were easily observed and raise easily 5 cases undergoing arthroscopic surgery. All 7 patiens were showed the injury of the joint capsule ligament complex. All of the 7 cases showed the injury of the joint capsule ligament complex. Preoperative and postoperative knee medial clearance for 2 months in knee valgus stress buckling 30° [(9.2 ± 1.3) vs (3.0 ± 1.0) mm]. Preoperative and postoperative knee medial clearance for 2 months in knee valgus stress 0° [(8.8 ± 1.1) vs (2.9 ± 1.0) mm]. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After 2 months in knee valgus stress buckling is compared with the normal control group 30° [(3.0 ± 1.0) vs (2.9 ± 1.2) mm]. After 2 months in 0° knee valgus stress compared with normal control group [(2.9 ± 1.0) vs (2.8 ± 1.2) mm]. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative knee joint pain VAS score [(5.4 ± 0.3) vs (2.3 ± 1.1)]. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Under arthroscopy detection in patients with acute Posteromedial corner injury. If it is easy to observe posterior horn of medial meniscus and the medial meniscus angle is easy to raise; The medial meniscus posterior horn joint capsule and ligament damage. They were indicated acute Posteromedial corner injury. Timely deal with medial meniscus and repair Posteromedial corner, the stability of the knee joint can be satisfactory.

The inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is seriously ill-posed, which restricts the clinical application of EIT. Regularization is an important numerical method to improve the stability of the EIT inverse problem as well as the resolution of the imaging. This paper proposes a self-diagnosis regularization method based on Tikhonov regularization and diagonal weight regularization method (DWRM). Firstly, the ill-posedness of the inverse problem is analyzed by sensitivity. Then, the performance of the self-diagnosis regularization is analyzed through the singular value theory. Finally, some simulated experiments including simulations and flume experiment are carried out and verify that the self-diagnosis regularization has better image quality and anti-noise ability than those of traditional regularization methods. The self-diagnosis regularization method weakens the ill-posedness of inverse problem of EIT and can prompt the practical application of EIT.