Outcomes of the retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment in Mongolia Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease characterized by abnormal retinal vasculature that can have devastating visual consequences. Despite evidence that early detection and treatment can prevent blindness, ROP remains a leading cause of pediatric blindness worldwide. We aimed at investigating the outcomes of ROP screening, intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and laser surgery in the treatment ROP and describe an evidence-based and specific process for identifying birth weight and gestational age screening guidelines in Mongolia utilizing telemedicine. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2012 September to July 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery and combined therapy from 2015 December 01 to January 31, 2017. Demographic factors, diagnosis and clinical course were recorded in a de-identified manner using REDCap, a secure, web-based platform to collect image and demographic data. The IRB approved the study protocol not requiring parental consent due to the de-identified nature of the data which was used for program monitoring purposes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were uploaded to the web-based platform which could be accessed by the Mongolian ophthalmologist for reference. Each eye was evaluated by the local Mongolian ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP).2,13 Regression analysis to determine association between BW and GA and the development of ROP. Results: A total of 9126 premature infants with BW ≤ 2500 g and/or GA ≤ 36 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 327 (3.5%) of the 9126 infants screened required treatment. The193 infants who received ROP screening had a mean GA of 30.09 ± 1.7 weeks, and mean BW of 1500.3 ± 125.42g. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. There were 96 boys (49.7%) and 97 girls (50.3%). Among infants receiving treatment, the highest BW was 2000g (born at 31 weeks GA), and the oldest was 34 weeks (with a BW of 1300g). The distribution of birth weight and gestational age in Mongolia was similar to other low-middle income countries, with higher birth weight and older gestational age. As birth weight and gestational age decreased, relative risk of developing ROP increased. Conclusions: After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 90 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP. 10 % of patients treated with IVB, IVR, Laser surgery and combined therapy however, did not respond and progressed to retinal detachment. This prospective study provides information about the development of ROP in preterm infants in the capital city of Mongolia. The distributions of BW and GA among infants developing ROP in Mongolia differ from those found in higher-income countries, and are comparable to other low and middle-income countries. We used a secure, web-based data collection and retrieval system that could be extended to multiple countries, which is now equipped with a telemedicine platform enabling remote grading of fundus images.

BACKGROUND: Mugwort is the important source of fall allergic symptoms in the Mongolia. Mugwort pollen allergicpatients frequently present allergic symptoms of ingestion after several kinds of foods.OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the clinical manifestations of airag (fermented mare’s milk) and mare’s milkhypersensitivity in patients with mugwort allergy, identify the molecular weight of allergens, andevaluate their IgE cross-reactivity.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected to mugwort pollens from around UB in august and practiced fresh airag and mare’s milk.Airag, mare’s milk and mugwort extracts prepared by Hames Richmond method and their allergenswere identified by means of SDS-PAGE. ELISA inhibition experiments were done to study crossreactivitybetween airag and mugwort.RESULTS: In SDS-PAGE determined mugwort allergen 12-43 kDa, mare’s milk allergen 13-70 kDa, airag allergen12-68 kDamolecular weight.The study of the cross-reactivity between mugwort allergens and some food allergens was becamepractical significance on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory allergies. We were definedallergenic cross-reactivity between airag allergens and mugwort allergens which are common causesof upper respiratory allergy. On the Mugwort-ELISA inhibition test, the 50 % inhibitory dose to MugwortspecificIgE was 0.01μg/ml Mugwort allergens and 0.025μg/ml Airag allergens.However, the 1.0 μg/mlof Mugwort and Airag allergens were completely inhibited to Mugwort-specific IgE and Airag-specificIgE antibodies.CONCLUSION: In determined the mugwort pollen has 5 band(12, 23, 28, 38, 43kDa), in mare’s milk (13, 15, 60, 70кДа) and airag(12, 30, 50, 68 кДа) has separately 4 bands allergen protein by SDS-PAGE. ELISAinhibition study was strong cross-reactivity between airag allergen and mugwort allergen.

Grass pollens are one of the most important airborne allergen sources worldwide. The Poaceaefamily comprises about 9000 species, 20 species from five subfamilies are considered to be the mostfrequent causes of grass pollen allergy, and the allergenic relationships among them closely follow theirphylogenetic relationships. The allergic immune response to pollen of several grass species has beenstudied extensively over more than three decades. Eleven groups of allergens have been identified anddescribed, in most cases from more than one species. The most complete set of allergens has so farbeen isolated and cloned from Phleum pratense (timothy grass) pollen. Based on the prevalence of IgEantibody recognition among grass pollen-sensitized individuals, several allergens qualify as major, butmembers of two groups, groups 1 and 5, have been shown to dominate the immune response to grasspollen extract. Isoform variation has been detected in members of several of the allergen groups, whichin some cases can be linked to observed genetic differences. N-linked glycosylation occurs in membersof at least three groups. Carbohydrate- reactive IgE antibodies have been attributed to grass pollensensitization and found to cross-react with glycan structures from other allergen sources, particularlyvegetable foods. Another cause of extensive cross-reactivity are the group 12 allergens (profilins), whichbelong to a family of proteins highly conserved throughout the plant kingdom and present in all tissues.Members of eight allergen groups have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins capableof specific IgE binding. This development now allows diagnostic dissection of the immune response tograss pollen with potential benefits for specific immunotherapy.

Background. This study is to determine mode of metabolism on triple collaboration bridges of traditional medicine, modern medicine and NCM.Goal. To determine membrane redoxy potentials three line involves important regulation factors on mode of metabolism which relationship connected with rlung, mkris, and badgan symbolic code.Materials and Methods. Only 81 healthy individuals were involved in the study. Proton leak was determined by quantity rate of MDA in cell membrane and membrane resistance, proton conductance was determined by serum and urine oxidase activity.Results. The table 1 shows quantity rate of membrane resistance was decreased 1.08-1.52 fold, HDL content was decreased, and however LDL was increased. This result is to manifest low proton leak which means this type is likely belonged to badgan symbolic code with qualities cold fatty, earth, water. The table 2 shows serum and urine oxidize activity 2.22-6.1 fold was increased, HDL content was increased; UCP-3 gene activity relatively was increased. This result is to manifest highproton conductance which means this type is likely belonged to mkris symbolic code with qualities hot fatty, fire.Conclusions:1. Individuals with high proton leak and slow proton conductance had serum and urine oxidize activity were weak, therefore there are visceral and subcutaneous fat were low.2. Individuals with medium proton leak and high proton conductance had serum and urine oxidize activity were high, therefore there are visceral was low and subcutaneous fat was high.3. Individuals with weak proton leak and medium proton conductance had serum and urine oxidize activity were medium, therefore there are visceral was high and subcutaneous fat was low.

Prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis have been increasing in the last years in the Asia Pacific countries and for this reason, research on aeroallergen and aeropollinology has also been increasing. The aim of this study was determined morphologic characteristics of Bromus inermis grass pollen. The pollen morphologic characteristics of the Bromus inermis were determined by optic microscopy (Aristoplan, Leitz, Germany). Allergenic protein components of Bromus inermis pollen were purified by the methods of Hames and Richmond. Dry pollen of Bromus inermis has oval shape and concaved on 3 sides. Average length and width of dry pollen of Bromus inermis was 41,5±2,3 µm and 32,3±4,1 µm respectively. These results are consistent with that Gramineae and Poaceae subfamily pollens have oval shapes with length from 22 to 80 µm.

Introduction: Prevalence of asthma is increasing year by year, especially among children and exposure to high levels of indoor allergens is a very important factor [1]. Cockroaches are an important cause of asthma in many other regions of the world, including Taiwan, Thailand and Singapore in the Pacific Rim, Costa Rica and Puerto Rico in Centrel America, India, South Africa and more recently, Europe [2]. Goal: The aim of this study was determined total protein amounts allergenic proteins and protein bands of сockroach.Material and Methods: The сockroachs were collected in Ulaanbaatar. The allergenic protein components of the сockroach was purified by the method of Hames Richmond. The total protein of extracts was measured by the Bradford method and the protein components of cockroach were determined by the SDS-PAGE.Results: Among the 4000 known species of cockroaches, only 5 commonly inhabit homes and have the potential to contribute to indoor allergens. These include the American (periplaneta americana), German (Blattella germanica), Oriental (Blatta orientals), Smokey brown (Periplaneta fuliginosa), and brownbanded (Supella longipalpis) varieties [3]. We were defined 2,25mg/ml protein amounts (w/v) in extracts of the purified and lyophilized protein of the сockroach. We were used a standard marker 195,7; 104,0; 59,8; 41,6; 27,8; 21,1; 15,2; 6,5kd molecular weight proteins on the 13% separation gel of SDS-PAGE. On column determined protein bands with 82,3; 59,9; 55,2; 44,0; 41,6; 34,4, 22,7, 17,1 kd molecular weights.Conclusions: The сockroach was included 8 allergenic protein components between ranges of 17,1-82,3 kd molecular weights were determined in the extracts of the body Blatella germanica.

Introduction: According to World Health Organization, air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and is estimated to cause approximately 1.6 million premature deaths worldwide per year. The air pollution of Ulaanbaatar city is rising year after year.Goal: The aim of this study was to define the lung function of adults in Ulaanbaatar.Materials and Methods: 1196 adults were randomly chosen aged over 20 years of Ulaanbaatar city. Of them 238 subjects were excluded because they had at least one of the following: a history of lung diseases including asthma, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung fibrosis; symptoms of chronic cough, wheeze, or dyspnea; history of thoracic surgery; history of major acute illness in the past 3 months; or a history of respiratory tract infection in the past 4 weeks. Besides demographic data, information on smoking habits was collected. The lung ventilation function of subjects was checked using a spirometry EasyOne, calculating the indexes Forced expiratory volume 1sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio. Lung function measurements followed a standardized protocol and fulfilled the ATS criteria.Results: Of the respondents, 486 were males (50.7%) and 472 were females (49.3%). There was a negative correlation between each lung function and age (p<0.05). The lung function was significantly lower in female than in male, for FEV1, FVC (male - FEV1 3.66±0.659 L, FVC 4.467±0.716 L, female-FEV1 2.663+0.559 L, FVC 3.237+0.586 L). In overall, FVC, FEV1 was decreased by 34.5, 37.2 percent, respectively compared with European LLN value.Conclusion: The mean value for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio was 3.17±0.78 L, 3.86+0.89 L and 82.02±6.75 % in overall, respectively.

Background: The prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing in the last years in the Asia Pacific countries and for this reason, the number of research in aeroallergen and aeropollinology increasing. It depends on changes of geography, weather and plants, pollination period of time and air pollution.Goal: The aim of this study was determined allergenic characterization of proteins detected from Bromus inermis pollen.Mаterials and Methods: To define morphologic characteristics of Bromus inermis grass pollen and allergenic protein amounts’ of pollen and protein components.- The pollen morphologic characteristics of the Bromus inermis were defined and measured by optic microscopy (Aristoplan, Leitz, Germany).- The allergenic protein components of the Bromus inermis pollen were purified by the method of Hames, Richmond- Protein contents were measured by the Bradford method- The protein components of Bromus inermis pollen were determined by the SDS-PAGEResults and discussion:The diameter of the B.inermis dry pollen were mean length 41, 5±2, 3 μm and mean wide 32, 3±4, 1 μm. B.inermis dry pollen has oval and sphere shape and concaved on 3 sides with diameter 32.3-41.5 μm and was similar results one of subfamily of the Gramineae, Poaceae pollen size were defined 22-80 μm in diameter and with oval and sphere shapes. We were defined 1.5±0.02 mg protein amounts in the 5mg/ml extracts of the purified of the Bromus inermis pollen. Researcher [3] determined 1, 45 mg/ml protein on Elymus chinensis, 1, 96 mg/ml protein on Artimesia sieversiana, 3, 29 mg/ ml protein on Chenopodium album allergens. These study results are similar with our study result on Bradford method. We were defined 7 bands with 12, 26, 32, 55, 66, 84, 97 kDa molecular weight protein components. SDS-PAGE were deteсted relatively bright bands of 12, 32, 55, 66 kDa molecular weight protein components of Bromus inermis pollen proteins. Researcher Kaiser M et al were defined 16, 30, 40, 47, 50, 57, 60, 67, 70, 90, 95 and 110 kDa molecular weight bands in Lolium perenne pollen allergens. These study results are similar with our study result on SDS-PAGE. Conclusions:- The pollen of Bromus inermis was oval and sphere shapes with 32.3-41.5 μm in diameter.- We were defined 1.5±0.02 mg protein amounts in the 1mg/ml of the Bromus inermis pollen.- The 7 bands with 12, 26, 32, 55, 66, 84, 97 kDa molecular weight protein components of Bromus inermis pollen. SDS-PAGE were deteсted relatively bright bands of 12, 32, 55, 66 kDa molecular weight protein components.