This article examines a comprehensive model for managing refractive errors, with a specific focus on myopia. It investigates the epidemiological context of refractive errors and their socio-economic implications. It underscores the importance of early detection and management, especially for severe ocular conditions like retinal lesions and glaucoma. The article critiques existing refractive error management models' limitations and highlights challenges in managing asymptomatic myopic patients. It proposes a “Myopia Chronic Disease Management(MCDM)” model as an innovative comprehensive management approach. The model establishes a data-driven closed-loop management pathway that encompasses screening, diagnosis, intervention, follow-up, and feedback. Through a comparative analysis with the chronic care model(CCM)and the World Health Organization's(WHO)Integrated Patient-Centered Eye Care(IPCEC), it highlights its innovative strengths in integrating digital technologies with multi-tiered healthcare networks. This model encompasses the entire refractive correction process and incorporates strategies for public education via the internet and new media. In terms of strategy implementation, the article discusses the necessity of establishing eye health records and long-term follow-up plans, as well as the potential applications of medical consortium models and family contract-based services in management. Moreover, the article emphasizes the importance of intelligent software systems in chronic ocular condition health management. It provides an overview of the benefits and challenges associated with this novel management model and proposes directions for future research and potential enhancements. Through this thorough examination and analysis, the article highlights the critical importance and effectiveness of implementing comprehensive, multifaceted, and sustained strategies in the management of refractive errors.

Magnolol, a compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis, demonstrates potential efficacy in addressing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Its biological activities encompass anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and anti-diabetic effects. Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, is considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. This study investigated the impact of magnolol on GDF-15 production and its underlying mechanism. The research examined the pharmacological effect of magnolol on GDF-15 expression in vitro and in vivo, and determined the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling in this process. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and in vitro DNA binding assays were employed to examine the regulation of GDF-15 by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT enhancer binding protein γ (CEBPG), and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). The study also investigated the effect of magnolol and ATF4 on the activity of a putative enhancer located in the intron of the GDF-15 gene, as well as the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on magnolol and ATF4-induced transcription activity. Results demonstrated that magnolol triggers GDF-15 production in endothelial cells (ECs), hepatoma cell line G2 (HepG2) and hepatoma cell line 3B (Hep3B) cell lines, and primary mouse hepatocytes. The cooperative binding of ATF4 and CEBPG upstream of the GDF-15 gene or the E1944285 enhancer located in the intron led to full-power transcription of the GDF-15 gene. SNP alleles were found to impact the magnolol and ATF4-induced transcription activity of GDF-15. In high-fat diet ApoE^-/- mice, administration of magnolol induced GDF-15 production and partially suppressed appetite through GDF-15. These findings suggest that magnolol regulates GDF-15 expression through priming of promoter and enhancer activity, indicating its potential as a drug for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Lignans/pharmacology* ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15/metabolism* ; Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects* ; Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics* ; Mice ; Humans ; Male ; Magnolia/chemistry* ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Constitutive androstane receptor(CAR),a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily,is predominantly expressed in the liver and intestine.It plays a central role in orchestrating the metabolic clearance of xenobi-otics and endogenous metabolites.Unlike classical nuclear receptors,CAR exhibits constitutive transcriptional activity in the absence of ligands.In addition to its well-established function in regulating genes involved in drug metabolism and transport,accumulating evidence highlights its broader regulatory capacity in glucose and lipid homeostasis,bile acid me-tabolism,hormonal balance,and cellular proliferation.Furthermore,aberrant CAR signaling has been associated with the development and progression of multiple pathological conditions,including hepatic steatosis,diabetes,cancers,and car-diovascular diseases.This review summarizes the biological functions of CAR and its pathophysiological significance.

Constitutive androstane receptor(CAR),a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily,is predominantly expressed in the liver and intestine.It plays a central role in orchestrating the metabolic clearance of xenobi-otics and endogenous metabolites.Unlike classical nuclear receptors,CAR exhibits constitutive transcriptional activity in the absence of ligands.In addition to its well-established function in regulating genes involved in drug metabolism and transport,accumulating evidence highlights its broader regulatory capacity in glucose and lipid homeostasis,bile acid me-tabolism,hormonal balance,and cellular proliferation.Furthermore,aberrant CAR signaling has been associated with the development and progression of multiple pathological conditions,including hepatic steatosis,diabetes,cancers,and car-diovascular diseases.This review summarizes the biological functions of CAR and its pathophysiological significance.

Objective: This study examined the impact of PRRSV NADC30-like strains on pig farms in Fujian, China. Methods: The effectiveness of strategic management protocols, including herd closure, medication programs, monitoring of processing fluids (pig testicular fluid), and collection of production data, were analyzed. The prevalent strain in the pig farm was identified as a NADC30-like strain of the PRRSV through genetic sequencing comparison analysis. Results: The quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that the PRRSV cycle threshold (Ct) values of the processing fluid samples were relatively low from September to early October 2021. After implementing the intervention measures (October 2021), the Ct value increased gradually and reached a negative in March 2022, lasting six months. In addition, the average survival rate of the pigs before the intervention was 84.1%, while the average survival rate after the intervention was 93.1%. Conclusions and Relevance: The use of 12-month intervals for pig herd closure, drug planning, and other strategic management agreements (multi-point production and active monitoring of production data, McREBEL) helped stabilize the subsequent pig farm production, providing a basis for clinical disease prevention and control.

Objective: This study examined the impact of PRRSV NADC30-like strains on pig farms in Fujian, China. Methods: The effectiveness of strategic management protocols, including herd closure, medication programs, monitoring of processing fluids (pig testicular fluid), and collection of production data, were analyzed. The prevalent strain in the pig farm was identified as a NADC30-like strain of the PRRSV through genetic sequencing comparison analysis. Results: The quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that the PRRSV cycle threshold (Ct) values of the processing fluid samples were relatively low from September to early October 2021. After implementing the intervention measures (October 2021), the Ct value increased gradually and reached a negative in March 2022, lasting six months. In addition, the average survival rate of the pigs before the intervention was 84.1%, while the average survival rate after the intervention was 93.1%. Conclusions and Relevance: The use of 12-month intervals for pig herd closure, drug planning, and other strategic management agreements (multi-point production and active monitoring of production data, McREBEL) helped stabilize the subsequent pig farm production, providing a basis for clinical disease prevention and control.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with key pathological features,including hyperpro-liferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes,infiltration of immune cells,and abnormal angiogene-sis.These pathological processes collectively contribute to the condition's hallmark clinical manifestations of psoriasis,such as erythema,scaling,and pruritus.Nuclear receptors are a class of ligand-dependent transcription factors that form a superfamily.By interacting with their ligands and co-factors,nuclear receptors regulate gene expression and play critical roles in lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism,cholesterol metabolism,embryonic development,and cellular proliferation and differentiation.Nuclear receptors are also involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through their regulation of gene ex-pression and cellular functions,particularly in relation to epidermal proliferation and immune-mediated inflammatory re-sponses.This review will provide a brief overview of the roles and mechanisms of nuclear receptors in psoriasis.

Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors both domestically and internationally, providing reference for medical and nursing staff to improve fatigue symptoms in children.Methods:The evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors, including best practices, recommended practices, guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and expert consensus, was systematically retrieved from clinical decision support systems, guideline websites, professional association websites, and databases both domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to April 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, including four guidelines and 13 systematic reviews. Thirty-two best pieces of evidence were extracted from six aspects of assessment and screening, identification of risk factors, health education, exercise intervention, medication intervention, and other interventions of fatigue in children with tumors.Conclusions:The best evidence for fatigue management in children with tumors is summarized, which can provide a basis for medical and nursing staff to improve their fatigue symptoms. It is recommended that medical and nursing staff combine clinical context, professional opinions, and patient wishes to screen the best evidence and develop personalized fatigue management programs.

Background::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive proliferation of small pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone and blood flow. However, the role of GRK2 in the pathogenesis of PAH is unknown.Methods::GRK2 levels were detected in lung tissues from healthy people and PAH patients. C57BL/6 mice, vascular smooth muscle cell-specific Grk2-knockout mice ( Grk2?SM22), and littermate controls ( Grk2flox/flox) were grouped into control and hypoxia mice ( n = 8). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was induced by exposure to chronic hypoxia (10%) combined with injection of the SU5416 (cHx/SU). The expression levels of GRK2 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) in pulmonary arteries and PASMCs were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of Grk2 and Yes-associated protein ( YAP) in PASMCs were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Wound-healing assay, 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, and 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were performed to evaluate the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Meanwhile, the interaction among proteins was detected by immunoprecipitation assays. Results::The expression levels of GRK2 were upregulated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH and the lungs of PH mice. Moreover, cHx/SU-induced PH was attenuated in Grk2?SM22 mice compared with littermate controls. The amelioration of PH in Grk2?SM22 mice was accompanied by reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling. In vitro study further confirmed that GRK2 knock-down significantly altered hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration, whereas this effect was severely intensified by overexpression of GRK2. We also identified that GRK2 promoted YAP expression and nuclear translocation in PASMCs, resulting in excessive PASMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, GRK2 is stabilized by inhibiting phosphorylating GRK2 on Tyr86 and subsequently activating ubiquitylation under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion::Our findings suggest that GRK2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of PAH, via regulating YAP expression and nuclear translocation. Therefore, GRK2 serves as a novel therapeutic target for PAH treatment.