OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which Qiaobai cold compress solution （QBCS） improves acne vulgaris （AV） based on transcriptomics and animal experiments. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into a blank control group （ n ＝6） and a modeling group （ n ＝30）. AV models were established in the modeling group by topical application of oleic acid to the inner surface of both ears， combined with subcutaneous injection of Cutibacterium acnes suspension into the auricle. Successfully modeled rats were further divided into the model group， positive control group （Tretinoin cream， 0.045 g/kg）， and QBCS low-， medium-， high-dose groups [3.55， 7.11， 14.22 g/kg （calculated by the amount of crude drug） ] ， with 6 rats in each group. Rats in each d rug group were treated with the corresponding drugs once daily for 14 consecutive days. After the final administration， changes in the appearance of the ears and histopathological changes in the ear tissues were observed， and serum levels of inflammatory factors， including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β， were measured. Auricular tissues from the blank control group， model group and QBCS medium-dose group were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Differential expressed genes （DEGs） were screened and subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis， followed by validation using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. RESULTS Compared with the model group， rats in all QBCS groups showed alleviated auricular acne symptoms， with reduced epidermal thickening， sebaceous gland hyperplasia， and inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum levels of TNF-α （except for the QBCS low-dose group）， IL-6 （except for the QBCS low-dose group） and IL-1β were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. A total of 590 DEGs were identified （blank control group vs. model group）， and 596 DEGs were identified （model group vs. QBCS medium-dose group）. Above DEGs （blank control group vs. model group） were mainly enriched in Toll-like receptor （TLR） and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathways， etc. Validation experiments showed that， compared with model group， low-， medium- and high-dose of QBCS reduced， to varying degrees， the mRNA expression of TNF-α， TLR2， interferon-γ and CXC chemokine ligand 8 in the auricular tissues of AV rats， increased the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma and tumor protein 53， and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 protein as well as the expressions of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88（MyD88） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QBCS can alleviate auricular inflammation and skin lesions in AV rats. This effect may be related to inhibition of the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby suppressing the expression of downstream inflammatory factors such as TNF-α.

This paper proposes a two-stage method integrating visual foundation models （VFM） and diffusion models. The segment anything model （SAM） as VFM is combined with the SegRefiner diffusion model to construct the SAM-SegRefiner framework for automated segmentation of edema， inflammation， and thrombus regions in histopathological images of hemorrhoidal tissue， providing a reproducible technical tool for the objective quantification of pathological morphology and its application in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome research. Trained and validated on multi-center retrospective data， the SAM-SegRefiner model achieved an average pixel accuracy of 95.32% and a mean intersection over union （mIoU） of 66.81% on an independent test set， significantly outperfor-ming comparative models such as U-Net， MixU-Net， and SAM-Med2D， and also demonstrating robust cross-center generalization capability. Furthermore， by correlating the quantitatively segmented results from the model with the patients' TCM syndrome types， the potential associations between pathomorphological features and TCM syndrome differentiation have been explored. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the degree of inflammatory infiltration and thrombus formation among different syndrome types， suggesting a complex relationship between local pathological changes and systemic syndrome manifestations.

ObjectiveTo evaluate a novel nomogram based on contrast-enhanced MRI radiomics combined with clinical variables for the preoperative prediction of perineural invasion （PNI） in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC）. MethodsThe clinical data of 59 ICC patients were retrospectively collected. According to postoperative pathology reports， the patients were divided into the non-PNI group （n = 33） and the PNI group （n = 26）. Regions of interest （ROI） were delineated from five MRI sequences. Radiomics features were then extracted and filtered to select those with the strongest discriminative power for PNI identification. These selected features were used to construct a radiomics model， which subsequently generated a quantitative radiomics score （radiomics score， Radscore）. Univariate analysis was applied to identify clinical variables associated with PNI， and the glm function was subsequently used to construct clinical and combined models. Finally， the models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves， calibration curves， and decision curve analysis （DCA）. The combined model was then visualized as a nomogram. ResultsThe clinical model included age， carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）， red blood cell distribution width， and albumin， whereas the Radscore included five radiomic features. The areas under the ROC curves （AUCs） for the clinical and radiomics models were 0.717 （95%CI： 0.586-0.848） and 0.896 （95%CI： 0.820-0.973）， respectively， whereas the combined model further improved its AUC to 0.917 （95% CI：0.848-0.987）. The calibration curves and DCA showed that the nomogram was well calibrated and provided the greatest net clinical benefit. ConclusionThe novel nomogram may serve as a basis for preoperative prediction of PNI status， thereby assisting clinical decision-making and guiding personalized treatment.

As one of major global public health challenges, malaria control is crucial to building a global community of health for all. The 2026 “China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges” provides a new opportunity for China’s participation in international cooperation for malaria control. This article introduces the strategic significance and practical path of China’s participation in international cooperation on malaria control in the new era, and discusses policy recommendations for optimizing the cooperation model between China and African countries, aiming to provide insights into accelerating the progress towards global malaria elimination and facilitating the building of a China-Africa community of health for all.

Malaria remains one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. After China achieved the target for malaria elimination, thousands of imported malaria cases are still reported annually. Timely and accurate diagnosis is critical to clinical treatment of cases and prevention of re-establishment of imported malaria. Detection of Plasmodium antigens is one of the criteria for definitive diagnosis of malaria. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on the immunochromatographic assay have become an important tool for clinical diagnosis of malaria due to convenient procedures and rapid detection. Nevertheless, there are still multiple misunderstandings pertaining to use of malaria RDTs among workers in medical and disease control and prevention institutions at all levels across China. To standardize technical guidelines and operational procedures for detection of Plasmodium spp., the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration has arranged the formulation of a recommended health industry standard Detection of Plasmodium spp. Immune-chromatographic test (WS/T 10029—2025), which has been officially iming immunochromatographic assays, including the testing principles, sample collection and detection procedures, and result interpretation, which provides the technical basis and operational specifications for detection of Plasmodium antigens in medical and disease control and prevention institutions at all levels. Based on analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in China, this article interprets the core content of this standard, aiming to promote its dissemination, implementation, and practical applications.

The intricate anatomical architecture and complex dynamic physiological barriers of the eye severely restrict the intraocular bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs. The limited absorption efficiency of conventional eye drops(<5%)and the highly invasive nature of intravitreal injections remain persistent bottlenecks in ophthalmic therapeutics. Driven by the convergence of materials science and biomedical engineering, intelligent stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems offer revolutionary strategies to overcome these physiological barriers and achieve spatiotemporally controlled drug release. These systems leverage specific recognition and response capabilities targeted at pathological microenvironments or exogenous physical fields. This article systematically reviews recent advances in this domain, providing an in-depth analysis of the physicochemical mechanisms underlying various stimuli-responsive carriers from the perspectives of polymer phase transition thermodynamics and chemical bond cleavage kinetics. By synthesizing preclinical and clinical research data on major ocular diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and intraocular infections, the significant advantages of these intelligent systems were demonstrated. Highlighted benefits include prolonged ocular surface retention, biomarker-triggered on-demand release, and minimized systemic toxicity. Finally, this review critically analyzes the challenges of translating these complex formulations to the clinic, specifically regarding sterile scale-up manufacturing and regulatory approval pathways, while providing perspectives on future development.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge in adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to develop and validate a risk prediction model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent isolated CABG at the Nanjing First Hospital between January 2020 and June 2024. Data from January 2020 to August 2023 were used as a training set, and data from September 2023 to June 2024 were used as a validation set. In the training set, patients were divided into a readmission group and a non-readmission group based on whether they had unplanned readmission within 30 days post-discharge. Clinical data between the two groups were compared, and logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for unplanned readmission. A risk prediction model and a nomogram were constructed, and internal validation was performed to assess the model’s performance. The validation set was used for validation. Results A total of 2 460 patients were included, comprising 1 787 males and 673 females, with a median age of 70 (34, 89) years. The training set included 1 932 patients, and the validation set included 528 patients. In the training set, there were statistically significant differences between the readmission group (79 patients) and the non-readmission group (1 853 patients) in terms of gender, age, carotid artery stenosis, history of myocardial infarction, preoperative anemia, and heart failure classification (P<0.05). The main causes of readmission were poor wound healing, postoperative pulmonary infections, and new-onset atrial fibrillation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that females [OR=1.659, 95%CI (1.022, 2.692), P=0.041], age [OR=1.042, 95%CI (1.011, 1.075), P=0.008], carotid artery stenosis [OR=1.680, 95%CI (1.130, 2.496), P=0.010], duration of first ICU stay [OR=1.359, 95%CI (1.195, 1.545), P<0.001], and the second ICU admission [OR=4.142, 95%CI (1.507, 11.383), P=0.006] were independent risk factors for unplanned readmission. In the internal validation, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.806, and the net benefit rate of the clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) was >3%. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.732, and the DCA net benefit rate ranged from 3% to 48%. Conclusion Females, age, carotid artery stenosis, duration of first ICU stay, and second ICU admission are independent risk factors for unplanned readmission within 30 days after isolated CABG. The constructed nomogram demonstrates good predictive power.

Objective To investigate the disease characteristics, potential drug interactions, and key points of pharmaceutical care in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation, so as to provide a reference for rational clinical medication use. Methods Through involvement in the pharmaceutical care of a patient with inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation, and by reviewing relevant literature, the clinical pharmacist assessed the rationality of the medication regimen, proposed medication reconciliation recommendations, and assisted the multidisciplinary team in optimizing the treatment plan. Results Following the intervention, the patient's inflammatory bowel disease-related symptoms were improved significantly, atrial fibrillation was effectively controlled, and no significant adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusion There exists a complex bidirectional interaction between inflammatory bowel disease and atrial fibrillation in terms of pathological mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. Through individualized medication reconciliation and multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care, safe and effective long-term management of those patients can be achieved.

In the field of organ donation and transplantation, the determination of death faces the dilemma of the separation between medical standards and social cognition, which may hinder medical practice and lead to controversial legal evaluations. Establishing brain death criteria through the "hard law" model is the path currently adopted by many countries. However, this approach has limitations, such as the attribution of the right to define death in the law, the conflict between the technological iteration of brain death criteria and legal stability, and the neglect of the social construction of the concept of death. Based on the theory of gradual social engineering and social systems theory, establishing brain death criteria through the "soft law" model has both scientific adaptability and governance flexibility, and is conducive to cultivating social consensus on brain death criteria. In terms of implementation, it is essential to focus on the high-level positioning of the "soft law" formulation entities for brain death criteria, the professionalization of the implementation entities, the publicization of the formulation process, and the institutionalization of risk communication strategies. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the informed consent of close relatives and design a dispute resolution mechanism for misjudgments of brain death to guard against potential improper risks.

As a global public health concern, parasitic diseases have been a great threat to human health for a long period of time. Following decades of integrated control efforts, the incidence of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases has been remarkable reduced in most endemic foci of China, and is now low across the country. However, there are still multiple factors affecting the transmission of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases, which pose multiple challenges to parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era. This article analyzed the current status and challenges of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases surveillance in Jiangsu Province, a low-endemicity area, and proposed countermeasures to tackle the challenges, so as to provide insights into key parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era.