Differential Gene Expression Analysis of TCGA mRNA Sequencing Data from Male Patients with and without Lymph Node Metastasis in Tongue Cancer Gene expression plays a crucial role in progression, invasion, and metastasis in many groups of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Based on extensive patient data, no research has been done so far on the differences in gene expression between groups of male patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma who drink alcohol and those who do not, about lymph node metastasis. Our study analysed differential gene expression in male patients with and without lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer, utilising messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. Analysis was performed using R and bioinformatics tools to process mRNA sequencing data, compare differential gene expression, and examine functional signaling pathways and survival analysis. After screening the database, 38 out of 74 cases with metastasis were selected for the analysis. The computational analysis identified a significant increase in cancer invasion transcription factors, such as GATA2, SP1 and MYC in the metastatic group, whereas CREB1 was more associated with the nonmetastatic group. Functional analysis suggested new prognostic biomarkers for unfavourable outcomes (TRIML2 and EXOSC4) and favourable outcomes (HS3ST4 and SFTPA1). New suggested markers for oral and tongue cancer such as TRIML2, EXOSC4 are known for their role in non-oral cancer including lung and liver cancer. Especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) survival analysis and protein atlas investigation confirmed the indirect biological roles of found markers. The study indicates that TRIML2 and EXOSC4 could serve as biological markers for predicting lymph node metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma among male patients who consume alcohol. These findings suggest that gene expression profiles may play a role in the progression and metastasis of tongue cancer. Further research is needed to validate these results and to develop targeted therapies for patients with tongue cancer.

This article describes Viet Nam Ministry of Health’s (VMoH) activities to prepare for and respond to the threat Zika virus (ZIKV), including the adaptation of existing surveillance systems to encompass ZIKV surveillance.

Injury of the periodontium followed by inflammatory response often leads to root resorption. Resorption is accomplished by osteoclasts and their generation may depend on an interaction with the cells in direct contact with the root,the cementoblasts. Our study aimed to investigate the role of human cementoblasts in the formation of osteoclasts and the effect of interleukin (IL)-1β hereupon. Extracted teeth from healthy volunteers were subjected to sequential digestion by type I collagenase and trypsin. The effect of enzymatic digestion on the presence of cells on the root surface was analyzed by histology.Gene expression of primary human cementoblasts(pHCB) was compared with a human cementoblast cell line(HCEM). The pHCBs were analyzed for their expression of IL-1 receptors as well as of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)and osteoprotegerin (OPG).In a co-culture system consisting of osteoclast precursors(blood monocytes) and pHCBs, the formation of osteoclasts and their resorptive activity was assessed by osteo-assay and ivory slices. The cells obtained after a 120 min enzyme digestion expressed the highest level of bone sialoprotein, similar to that of HCEM. This fraction of isolated cells also shared a similar expression pattern of IL-1 receptors (IL1-R1 and IL1-R2). Treatment with IL-1β potently upregulated RANKL expression but not of OPG. pHCBs were shown to induce the formation of functional osteoclasts. This capacity was significantly stimulated by pretreating the pHCBs with IL-1β prior to their co-culture with human blood monocytes. Our study demonstrated that cementoblasts have the capacity to induce osteoclastogenesis, a capacity strongly promoted by IL-1β.These results may explain why osteoclasts can be formed next to the root of teeth.