Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible association between vitamin D and adiponectin, a biomarker of insulin resistance, in pre- and early postmenopausal women with obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 118 obese women aged 45–55 years (60 premenopausal and 58 postmenopausal women). Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Body fat percentage and visceral fat were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were analyzed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Results: Serum adiponectin levels were higher in the postmenopausal group (7.7 ± 3.8 µg/mL) than in the premenopausal group (5.6 ± 3.8 µg/mL) (P = 0.003). Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in the postmenopausal group (15.4 ± 6.4 ng/mL) than in the premenopausal group (20.2 ± 4.7 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and 25(OH)D in either group (r = −0.008, P = 0.949 in the premenopausal group; r = −0.135, P = 0.312 in the postmenopausal group). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, after controlling for age, waist circumference, and serum vitamin D levels, adiponectin levels increased by an average of 0.208 units for each 1-cm increase in hip circumference. Conclusions Serum vitamin D levels were not correlated with adiponectin levels in obese pre- and early postmenopausal women.Further studies are needed to investigate factors influencing adiponectin and determine whether vitamin D supplementation provides benefits for obese middle-aged women.

The Thai Menopause Society is an academic organization consisting of healthcare professionals engaged in menopause medicine. The position statement was first issued in 1994 and updated in 2003 and 2023. Herein, we reviewed the important updates of the 2023 position statement on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) as an international reference for healthcare professionals in Thailand. An advisory panel of clinicians and research experts in the field of menopause reviewed the recommendation of published International Consensus Statements and updated the evidence using the MEDLINE database through PubMed. The evidence-based information and relevant publications were assessed, and a consensus on recommendations was subsequently achieved using the level of evidence to determine the recommendation strength and evidence quality. MHT remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary syndromes of menopause even after 20 years. Additionally, it is effective in preventing bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women. The cardiovascular risk of MHT increased in women who initiated MHT after 60 years of age. Hormone therapy should be individualized following the hormone type, dose, administration route, use duration, and progestogen inclusion. The necessary pretreatment evaluation and appropriate follow-up recommendations were added for improved MHT standard care. The updated 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline on MHT is useful for gynecologists, general physicians, endocrinologists, and other healthcare professionals in treating menopausal women receiving hormone therapy in Thailand.