Objective To evaluate the application of flipped classroom(FC)approach in endocrine system integrated course for students from 4+4 clinical medicine pilot class at Peking Union Medical College(PUMC).Methods The study included the students of 4+4 clinical medicine pilot class grades 2019-2023 in PUMC.The students of grades 2019-2021(n=77)served as the control receiving traditional teaching method,while the students of grades 2022 and 2023(n=76)were selected as the experimental group,which were taught by FC approach.The selected teaching content is thyroid theme.The scoring rates of thyroid related questions in the final exam were as-sessed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate teaching satisfaction and effectiveness.Results The scoring rates of experimental group were significantly higher as compared to that of control group(P＜0.05).Over 90％of the students in the experimental group strongly satisfied or satisfied with the teaching content arrangement,design form,classroom atmosphere,teacher-student interaction of FC and expressed willingness to continue with this methodology.In addition,over 90％of the students strongly agreed or agreed that FC stimulated learning inter-est,improved self-learning ability,strengthened the connection between theory and clinical practice,inspired clini-cal reasoning,enhanced the abilities to analyze and solve problems,and cultivated communication and teamwork skills.Conclusions The application of FC approach in endocrine system integrated course achieved excellent teaching outcomes with high satisfaction of the students.

Thyroid hormones are crucial for energy metabolism. Thyroid dysfunction is closely related to a variety of metabolic disorders. However, evaluation relying solely on thyroid function indicators may come up short, considering the complex relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolic issues. There has been a growing recognition of sensitivity to thyroid hormones as a measure of thyroid function complementary to traditional indices. The indicators of thyroid hormone sensitivity include free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine, thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index, thyroid-stimulating hormone index and thyroid feedback quantile-cased index. It has been reported that impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones can potentially interact with various nutritional imbalances and metabolic abnormalities, such as metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and decreased vitamin D, which are not only of concern to those with thyroid dysfunction, but also to euthyroid individuals in terms of prevention and prophylaxis. With the aim of providing comprehensive insights, this review is intended to systematically summarize the existing evidence on the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and metabolic disorders.

A 28-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of fatigue and sleepiness and was found to have central hypothyroidism and mood disorder. The patient had normal thyroid volume and did not show any other pituitary axis involvement. Over the course of the disease, her symptom improvement matched with the free thyroxine (FT 4) rebound and the adjustment of antipsychotic medication. The patient′s grandmother had central hypothyroidism, and her mother and uncle had lowered or inappropriately normal thyroid stimulating hormone. Hence, genetic involvement was highly suspected, but whole exon sequencing did not reveal a pathogenic variant. Levothyroxine tablets were prescribed to maintain a normal median level of FT 4, and mood disorder medications were adjusted by specialists. Isolated central hypothyroidism is extremely rare, and we report this case aiming to raise awareness of this condition.

MA Yueh-ch'ing (1906—1984), graduated from Peking Union Medical College in 1934, and became the first Chinese anesthetist hired by Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 1939. Based on the development and historical background of global anesthesiology, this article briefly introduces MA Yueh-ch'ing's personal experience and major achievements in anesthesiology.

Dr. Reinhard Hoeppli (1893—1973), a well-known Swiss medical parasitologist, completed his clinical training in Germany, obtained a doctorate in clinical pathology related to parasites, and later conducted nematology research in the United States. From 1930 to 1952, he served as the second Director of the Division of Parasitology at Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), and was responsible for the examination of parasite-related specimens in the PUMC Hospital. During his time at PUMC, Dr. Hoeppli discovered the famous "Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon", and contributed greatly to the advancement of medical parasitology and tropical diseases in China. In addition to his academic achievements, he made fruitful diplomatic efforts for PUMC in his capacity as Swiss consul during the occupation of PUMC by Japanese forces. This paper mainly reviews his great influence on the development of medical parasitology during the time at PUMC and his diplomatic contributions to PUMC.

The first reported case of insulinoma in our country, published on Journal of Clinical Investigation in 1936, was the 18th reported case worldwide. It included a comprehensive 14-page medical record of social service department and its attachments. The patient came from Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) and the document objectively described the in-hospital visits and follow-up work for this case, revealing the visitation procedure of social service department. It also highlighted the close relationship between social service department and clinical doctors at that time, and the highly internationalized management of PUMCH.

Based on the theoretical reflection on the reflective function of medical records,the important findings in the practice of medical records writing in the field of palliative care,and conceptual analysis of narrative medicine tools,combined with empirical investigation materials and analysis,this paper focused on the practice of medical records writing for reflection and research.The main contents include defining the concept of narrative medical records,which are medical records used in clinical practice that incorporate narrative content;clarifying their characteristics and functions at different levels;and exploring practical paths for their application in clinical practice.Based on an in-depth exploration of the uniqueness of narrative medicine practice at Peking Union Medical College,it also emphasized the necessity of writing medical records with narrative thinking.Specifically,it focused on using narrative thinking and forms to enhance the improvement of current medical records writing,and further sought a general framework and multiple possibilities for narrative medicine clinical pathways.

The Unison(1924) was a yearbook assembled and published by the students of the Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), in honor of the first graduation of PUMC. It comprehensively introduced the organizational history, board of trustees and administration, departments and faculty, medical and nursing classes, student organizations and activities in PUMC. It also published school calendar and songs, alumni record, poems, drama scripts written by PUMC students. It is a comprehensive and systematic record of PUMC and Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) in 1924, providing rich and valuable details in regards to academic and spiritual lives of faculty and students. Compiled during the early years of PUMC and PUMCH, the book also contributes to the formation of PUMC and PUMCH culture. It advocates for a spirit of science and humanity that has significantly influenced the cultivation and development of medical humanistic spirit in China.

Objective:To analyze the development trend of global diabetes health management from the perspective of patent bibliometrics.Methods:Data from 4 804 global diabetes health management patents were retrieved from the Derwent Innovation patent database, and after data cleaning and merging of patent families, a total of 857 patents were used in Excel and big data analysis tool Derwent Data Analysis tool to analyze patent application trends and technology sources. Quantitative analysis of country and market layout, distribution and types of patent holders, technology research and development hotspots, visual display of quantitative analysis data using bubble charts, technical function matrices, and word cloud graphs and other methods were performed to compare the layout of domestic and foreign diabetes health management patent technologies, as well as status and development characteristics.Results:The filling of global diabetes health management patent application began in 1980, and the Chinese diabetes health management patent application began in 2003, showing a slow-growth trend. The United States had the most effective patents for diabetes health management, followed by China, South Korea, Switzerland, and Japan, with 153, 89, 50, 31, and 14 patents respectively. These five countries account for approximately 95% of effective patents. The main market areas for effective patents on global diabetes health management were the United States and China, followed by South Korea, the European Patent Office, Japan, and Canada. Approximately 98% of China′s patents were located in the country, and the proportion of companies in China′s patent applications was much lower than that of the United States, Japan, and Switzerland (49% vs 90% or more). The research and development hotspots of China′s and global diabetes health management patents were consistent with the various systems, including health management systems, diabetes management systems, blood sugar management systems, glucose monitoring systems, and health management equipment.Conclusions:The United States and China were the top two major technology sources and market distribution countries for diabetes health management patents; however, China′s patent application internationalization strategy has not yet been launched, and the degree of patent industrialization requires improvement. In the future, global diabetes health management patent research and development will continue to show a development trend dominated by information systems, equipment, and tools.