This study aims to explore the mechanism of lung and gut protection by Tanreqing Capsules on the mice infected with influenza virus based on "the lung-gut axis". A total of 110 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control group, model group, oseltamivir group, and low-and high-dose Tanreqing Capsules groups. Ten mice in each group underwent body weight protection experiments, and the remaining 12 mice underwent experiments for mechanism exploration. Mice were infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/08/1934(PR8) via nasal inhalation for the modeling. The lung tissue was collected on day 3 after gavage, and the lung tissue, colon tissue, and feces were collected on day 7 after gavage for subsequent testing. The results showed that Tanreqing Capsules alleviated the body weight reduction and increased the survival rate caused by PR8 infection. Compared with model group, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate the lung injury by reducing the lung index, alleviating inflammation and edema in the lung tissue, down-regulating viral gene expression at the late stage of infection, reducing the percentage of neutrophils, and increasing the percentage of T cells. Tanreqing Capsules relieved the gut injury by restoring the colon length, increasing intestinal lumen mucin secretion, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and reducing goblet cell destruction. The gut microbiota analysis showed that Tanreqing Capsules increased species diversity compared with model group. At the phylum level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria to maintain gut microbiota balance. At the genus level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of unclassified＿f＿Lachnospiraceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Phocaeicola to maintain gut microbiota balance. In conclusion, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate mouse lung and gut injury caused by influenza virus infection and restore the balance of gut microbiota. Treating influenza from the lung and gut can provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Lung/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Capsules ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Influenza A virus/physiology* ; Influenza, Human/virology*

This study aims to investigate the effect of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway in gastric tissue of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Sixty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group, model group, Moluo Pills group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose groups of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder.The rats in other groups except the normal group were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) to establish the CAG model.After 12 weeks of modeling, the rats in each group were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks.After the last administration, the histopathological changes of rat gastric mucosa were observed via hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA levels of SOCS3 and TLR4 were determined by real-time PCR.The protein levels of SOCS3, TLR4, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in rat gastric tissue were measured by Western blot.Immunohistochemical method was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad in rat gastric tissue.The results showed that modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder alleviated gastric mucosal atrophy of rats, significantly lowered the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in rat serum, up-regulated the mRNA level of SOCS3, and down-regulated the mRNA level of TLR4 in rat gastric tissue.Furthermore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder up-regulated the protein level of SOCS3, down-regulated the protein levels of TLR4, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bax, and Bad, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 protein.Therefore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder may mitigate the gastric mucosal atrophy of rats by regulating the SOCS3/TLR4 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Gastritis, Atrophic/genetics* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Powders ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism*

Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems.Across these ancient lineages,colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus produc-tion or by cemented attachment.The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis.Here,we sequenced the genome of C.hongkongensis in high resolution and compared it to reference bivalve genomes to unveil genomic determinants driving cemented attachment and shell asymmetry.Importantly,loss of the homeobox gene Antennapedia(Antp)and broad expansion of lineage-specific extracellular gene families are implicated in a shift from byssal to cemented attachment in bivalves.Comparative transcriptomic analysis shows a conspicuous divergence between left-right asymmetrical C.hongkongensis and symmetrical Pinctada fucata in their expression profiles.Especially,a couple of orthologous transcription factor genes and lineage-specific shell-related gene families including that encoding tyrosinases are elevated,and may cooperatively govern asymmet-rical shell formation in Ostreoida oysters.

The transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) plays a key role in unfolded protein reaction. This study was aimed to investigate the expression pattern and regulation of XBP1 in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy. The methods of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to test XBP1 expression in early pregnancy, artificial decidualization, oestrous cycle and hormone-regulated mouse models. The results showed that XBP1 was spatiotemporally expressed in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. The XBP1 protein was mainly detected in the luminal and glandular epithelia on days 1-4 of pregnancy, and was strongly detected in the decidual area on days 5-8 of pregnancy. Similarly, XBP1 expression was also mainly expressed in decidual cells following artificial decidualization. During the oestrous cycle, Xbp1, Xbp1u, and Xbp1s mRNA was predominantly present in proestrus. In the ovariectomized uterus, the expression of XBP1 in luminal and glandular epithelia was up-regulated after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that XBP1 is associated with embryo implantation and decidualization during early pregnancy in mice, and the expression of XBP1 in luminal and glandular epithelia may be regulated by estrogen.
Animals ; Decidua ; Embryo Implantation ; Estrogens ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Uterus

Objective: The aim of this study was to update the epidemic situation of dengue fever (DF) and provide new insights for the consideration of disease control in Fujian province, China. Methods: Details about DF cases in Fujian reported during 2004-2017 were collected and analyzed. The envelope (E) genes of isolates of dengue virus (DENV) were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results: The number of imported DF cases had increased dramatically since 2013, and the source regions expanded from Southeast Asia to South Asia, America, Oceania, and Africa, as well as the surrounding provinces. This resulted in local outbreaks and indigenous cases of DF that occurred more frequently, with 10 of 13 local outbreaks and 85.9% (1,252/1,458) of indigenous cases reported in 2013-2017. Compared with only two coastal cities before 2013, four coastal and one inland city in 2013-2017 experienced the local DF outbreaks. The phylogenetic analysis of E genes confirmed that the import of DENV, not only from abroad but also from the surrounding provinces, played an important role in dissemination and local outbreaks of DF in Fujian. Conclusions The frequent import of DF cases from not only abroad but also the surrounding provinces resulted in increased incidence, frequent local outbreaks, and expansion of distribution in Fujian in recent years. There is a need for urgent measures to improve disease control in this province.

The Cd stress of Chrysanthemum indicum was treated by different concentrations of Cd Cl2 solution in the culture substrate. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum and the content of buddleoside and the total flavonoids in Ch. indicum were determined. The absorption characteristics of Cd elements in Ch. indicum were analyzed. And the influence of Cd elements on the quality of the herbs. The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch. indicum,and the root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum was significantly different,and the content of aboveground part was higher than that of underground part. The enrichment factors of Cd elements in different parts of Ch. indicum are different. The enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts is larger than that of underground parts. The whole parts and plants show an increase first and then decrease,and the overall enrichment factor is greater than1. The transfer coefficient of the aerial part/underground part of Ch. indicum showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with the increase of the amount of Cd applied in the soil,and the transfer coefficient was higher than 1. The contents of buddleoside and total flavonoids in Ch. indicum after Cd stress treatment were lower than the control,and the overall performance was lower and then increased,but it was still significantly lower than the control,indicating that Cd pollution directly led to the decrease of chemical quality of Ch. indicum.
Cadmium ; Chrysanthemum ; Flavonoids ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants

Objective To analyze the peri-procedural complications of coronary rotational atherectomy. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease received rotational atherectomy from January 2012 to December 2016 were enrolled retrospectively. The occurrence rate and the management of peri-procedural complications were summarized. Results ① The serum level of CK-MB and cTnI in patients who received rotational atherectomy were signifi cantly elevated compared with the level before the procedure,[4.1(2.4-14.1)U/L vs.1.5(1.0-2.1)U/L,P<0.001]and[0.28(0.11-1.11)ng/ml vs.0.01 (0.01-0.02) ng/ml, P<0.001], respectively. Of the 107 target lesions, 104 (97.2%) were classifi ed as type B2 or C lesions.②Peri-procedural complications of coronary rotational atherectomy occurred in 21 patients (19.6%). There were 5 cases (4.7%) of coronary slow fl ow, 1 case (0.9%) of severe coronary spasm, 9 cases (8.4%) of coronary dissection after rotational atherectomy and 1 case (0.9%) of side branch occlusion. Six patients (5.6%) had severe sinus bradycardia, but only 1 patient required temporary pacemaker. Burr entrapment happened in 2 patients (1.9%). Peripheral vascular complications occurred in 2 patients (1.9%) with 1 case of femoral artery hematoma at puncture site and the other 1 case of mediastinal hematoma. One patient (0.9%) developed contrast induced nephropathy after the procedure. ③All the peri-procedural complications of rotational atherectomy were benign. The procedure instant success rate was 98.1%, with no acute or sub-acute stent thrombosis, cardiac death, emergent coronary artery bypass graft occurred during hospitalization. Conclusions The complications associated with coronary rotational atherectomy are not rare, but severe complications are not common. The procedure could be safely performed with a high instant success rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum tablets combined with conventional therapy on the cholinesterase levels and albumin ( ALB) levels in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods The 236 patients with liver cirrhosis from October 2016 to February 2018 in the Department of Gastroenterology of our hospital were selected as the study subjects.The patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group.The patients in the treatment group were given 2 g Clostridium butyricum tablets orally ,on the basis of general symptomatic treatment,3 times per day for two weeks ;the patients in the control group were stan-dard treatment.The plasma cholinesterase , ALB levels were determined by automatic analyzer.Results The cholinesterase levels in the control group and the treatment group were ( 2.87 ±1.82 ), (7.94 ±2.45) U· L-1, respectively; the ALB levels in the 2 groups were (34.02 ±3.26),(47.63 ±4.05) g· L-1,respectively;comparison between the two groups , the difference was significant ( all P ＜0.05 ) . Conclusion Clostridium butyricum tablets can significantly increase plasma cholinesterase and ALB levels in patients with liver cirrhosis .

Objective To establish a model of acute gouty arthritis( AGA) in rats and observe its maintenance time. Methods The AGA model of rats was established by injecting monosodium urate ( MSU) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL into the ankle joint cavity. The rats were observed for 8 d at different time points. Skin temperature, degree of joint swelling, gait, inflammatory cells in synovial fluid, histopathological changes of synovial tissue and other indicators were observed to determine whether the modeling and maintenance time were successful. Results At 3 h after modeling, differ-ences in the swelling of ankle joint, increase of skin temperature, abnormal gait, the number of inflammatory cells in syno-vial fluid, synovial hyperplasia, capillary congestion, and disarrangement of synovial cells in the rats were observed in the saline group and the model group (P <0. 01). At 4 hours after modeling, the above mentioned inflammatory changes in the saline group were significantly reduced, compared with that at 3 h, showing a significant difference (P<0. 01), while the inflammatory changes of the model group were increased significantly compared with that at 3 hours ( P<0. 01 ) , and showed significant difference compared with the saline group (P<0. 01). At 24 h after modeling, the indexes in the rats of saline group returned to normal, but the inflammation of the model group was increased. At 48-72 h after modeling, the local inflammation such as ankle swelling, skin temperature, and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group reached a peak. The inflammation of the ankle joint in the model group was gradually reduced from 96 to 168 h after the model was established, but there were still significant differences in the indexes compared with the blank group (P<0. 01). At 192 h after modeling, the joint swelling, skin temperature and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group returned to normal, however, there were significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells and the pathological changes of synovial membrane compared with the blank group ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusions A rat model of AGA can be successfully prepared and identified at 4 h after modeling by injection of MSU crystal suspension into the ankle joint cavity. This rat model of AGA can be maintained at least 168 hours after modeling.

Isobaric peptide termini labeling ( IPTL) is a technology which uses light and heavy isotopes to label C-terminus and N-terminus of peptides. As the masses of labeled peptides are equivalent, the complexity of sample is low when analyzing MS data produced by this technology. Besides, paired b and y ions are helpful while analyzing MS/MS data in this kind of experiments. On the basis of this, a novel scoring algorithm, all ions scoring algorithm (AISA), has been designed for IPTL experiments. The information of quantification and qualification can be acquired at the same time using AISA. On Q-Exactive HeLa 2D RPLC dataset, peptide spectrum matches ( PSMs) , distinct peptides and protein groups identified by AISA are 15%, 26%and 22% higher than Morpheus. On human-HCC-HL dataset, PSMs, distinct peptides and protein groups identified by AISA are 24%, 39% and 27% higher than Morpheus. Quantification ratio on Q-Exactive HeLa and human-HCC-HL datasets are 1. 18 and 0. 90, respectively, which are very close to 1. Besides, quantification ratios between 0. 5 and 2. 0 are 91% and 94%, respectively.