Gap junction(GJ),also known as gap junction,is widely found between neurons and glial cells,and can connect neighboring cells and mediate the transmission of electrical sig-nals between neighboring cells.The GJ channel,which exists between neurons and mediates intercellular electrical signaling,is also known as an electrical synapse.Connexins(Cxs)are the molecular basis of GJ,and are expressed to different degrees in different neurons and glial cells.The presence of GJ mediates different functions among neurons and glial cells,which further influences the establishment of various mature neural circuits,re-flecting the importance of GJ in the maintenance of neural cir-cuits.This review summarizes the relationship between GJ and neural circuits in relation to the effects of GJ and different Cxs on neurons and glial cells,providing new research ideas for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications* ; Neoplasms

This study aims to investigate the effect of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway in gastric tissue of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Sixty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group, model group, Moluo Pills group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose groups of modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder.The rats in other groups except the normal group were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) to establish the CAG model.After 12 weeks of modeling, the rats in each group were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks.After the last administration, the histopathological changes of rat gastric mucosa were observed via hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA levels of SOCS3 and TLR4 were determined by real-time PCR.The protein levels of SOCS3, TLR4, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in rat gastric tissue were measured by Western blot.Immunohistochemical method was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad in rat gastric tissue.The results showed that modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder alleviated gastric mucosal atrophy of rats, significantly lowered the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in rat serum, up-regulated the mRNA level of SOCS3, and down-regulated the mRNA level of TLR4 in rat gastric tissue.Furthermore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder up-regulated the protein level of SOCS3, down-regulated the protein levels of TLR4, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, NF-κB, MyD88, NLRP3, Bax, and Bad, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 protein.Therefore, modified Danggui Shaoyao Powder may mitigate the gastric mucosal atrophy of rats by regulating the SOCS3/TLR4 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Gastritis, Atrophic/genetics* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Powders ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of gene mutation in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on prognosis. METHODS: The clinical and laboratorial characteristics of 54 AML patients (≥60 years old) in Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital were analyzed retrospectively during April 2016 to October 2019. Thirty-four AML/myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm related mutant genes were detected by second-generation sequencing technology, and their clinical characteristics, treatment effect, and influence on prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients received DAC+CAG induction treatment, after 1-2 couses of treatment, 36 cases (66.7%) achieved complete response, with a total effective rate of 75.9%, and the median survival time was 17 months. The most frequent mutant genes were TET2 (33.3%), CEBPA (31.5%), DNMT3A (18.5%), ASXL1 (16.7%), NRAS (14.8%), RUNX1 (14.8%), FLT3-ITD (12.9%), TP53 (12.9%), NPM1 (12.9%), and IDH2 (12.9%). Among 7 patients with TP53 mutation, 6 cases obtained complete response after 1-2 courses of induction treatment, but there was no statistically significant difference in the effect on prognosis. Patients with FLT3-ITD and NRAS mutations had shorter overall survival time compared with who had no mutation (P=0.47, P=0.48). Multivariate analysis showed that FLT3-ITD and NRAS mutations were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The incidence of TET2 gene mutation is high in elderly AML patients. AML patients with TET2 and TP53 mutations may benefit from Decitabine-based chemotherapy. However, patients with FLT3-ITD and NRAS mutations have a short survival time, and may have a poor prognosis.
Aged ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nucleophosmin ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

Aim To investigate the effeet of Eehinaeo- side ( ECH ) regulating the expression of prohibitin (PHB) on MPP+ -induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y eells and the underlying mechanism.Methods SH-SY5Y eells were seleeted and divided into control group, MPP+ group, MPP+ + ECH group, NC + MPP + group, NC + MPP+ + ECH group, PHB-RNAi + MPP + + ECH group.Cell survival rate was determined by CCK-8 assay.Cell morphology was observed using an inverted phase contrast mieroscope; the apoptotie eells were observed by Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining, whereas apoptotie rate, reactive oxygen speeies eon- tent, and mitochondrial membrane potential were ana¬lyzed by flow eytometry.The relative protein expres¬sions of PHB, Akt, p-Akt, Bel-2, Bax, and cleaved- easpase3 were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with eontrol group, the eell survival rate of MPP+ group signifieantly deereased.The growth state of the eells beeame significantly worse.Intracellular ROS content inereased, mitoehondrial membrane po tential decreased, apoptosis-related protein expression increased and the apoptotic rate increased.Compared with MPP+ group, MPP+ + ECH group significantly increased cell viability.The growth status of cells was significantly improved.Intracellular ROS content de¬creased, mitochondrial membrane potential increased, apoptosis-related protein expression decreased, and the apoptotic rate decreased significantly.The expression levels of PHB and p-Akt significantly increased.Com¬pared with NC + MPP+ + ECH group, p-Akt level de¬creased and the cell apoptotic rate increased in PHB- RNAi +MPP+ + ECH group.Conclusions Echino- side can reduce MPP + - induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, which may be realized by upregulating PHB ex¬pression and phosphorylation of Akt to protect mito¬chondrial function.

Five cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Commiphora myrrha by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were defined as (3S,4R)-3,9-dimethoxymyrrhone (1), 9-methoxymyrrhone (2), myrrhone (3), commiterpene B (4) and comosone Ⅱ (5). Compound 1 is a new compound, of which the absolute configuration was established by single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 5 is firstly isolated from the Commiphora genus.

This study aims to study the chemical components from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. Five cembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the gum resin of B. carterii by various of column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, mass spectrometry(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Ultraviolet(UV) and infrared(IR) spectroscopic data. These compounds were identified as(1S,2E,4R,5S,7E,11E)-4-methoxy-5-hydroxycembrane(1),(1R~*,4R~*,5E,8E,12E,15E)-4-hydroxycembra-5,8,12,15-tetraene(2), cembrene A(3),(3S,4S,7R)-4-hydroxycembrane(4), and pavidolide D(5). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 were obtained from the gum resin of B. carterii for the first time. Compound 2 showed weak inhibition on the human liver cancer cell line HepG2.
Boswellia ; Cell Line ; Diterpenes ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Resins, Plant

The transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) plays a key role in unfolded protein reaction. This study was aimed to investigate the expression pattern and regulation of XBP1 in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy. The methods of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to test XBP1 expression in early pregnancy, artificial decidualization, oestrous cycle and hormone-regulated mouse models. The results showed that XBP1 was spatiotemporally expressed in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. The XBP1 protein was mainly detected in the luminal and glandular epithelia on days 1-4 of pregnancy, and was strongly detected in the decidual area on days 5-8 of pregnancy. Similarly, XBP1 expression was also mainly expressed in decidual cells following artificial decidualization. During the oestrous cycle, Xbp1, Xbp1u, and Xbp1s mRNA was predominantly present in proestrus. In the ovariectomized uterus, the expression of XBP1 in luminal and glandular epithelia was up-regulated after estrogen treatment. These results suggest that XBP1 is associated with embryo implantation and decidualization during early pregnancy in mice, and the expression of XBP1 in luminal and glandular epithelia may be regulated by estrogen.
Animals ; Decidua ; Embryo Implantation ; Estrogens ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Uterus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients with ASXL1 mutation. METHODS: The clinical data of 229 newly diagnosed AML patients treated in our hospital from April 2016 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The next-generation sequencing technology was used to detect gene mutations in all the patients, the clinical characteristics of the patients with ASXL1 mutation were analyzed. RESULTS: ASXL1 gene mutation was detected out in 45 patients(19.6%). Among these patients, the frameshift mutation (n=22,48.9%) was most common, followed by missense mutation (n=15, 33.3%) and nonsense mutation (n=8,17.8%), respectively, all of them were located at exon 12. The median mutation rate was 32.47%(range, 2.74%-53.50%). The median age of the patients with ASXL1 mutation was 54(range, 14-74) years old, and most of the patients were male, and most of them with the history of MDS or MPN, and low white blood cell count at the initial diagnosed (P<0.05). Patients with ASXL1 mutation showed a lower CR rate than that of without ASXL1 mutation. Patients with or without ASXL1 mutation showed a statistically significant difference in survival at 20 months (P=0.042), while there was no significant difference between the patients in the two groups over 20 months (P=0.505). All the 6 patients with ASXL1 mutation in low-risk group were survived, while the median OS time was 16 months in the high-risk group(P=0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that the history of MDS or MPN and CR rate from induction therapy were the independent risk factors affecting survival of the patients. CONCLUSION Frameshift mutation is commonly in AML patients with ASXL1 gene mutation, and ASXL1 mutation were more often in men, the history of MDS or MPN, and low white blood cell count. The CR rate of the patients with ASXL1 mutation was lower than that of the AML patients without ASXL1 mutations, AML patients with ASXL1 mutation showed poor short-term efficacy, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in long-term survival over 20 months.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Repressor Proteins/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Depression, a chronic syndrome with low mood, pessimism, cognitive and sleep disorders, is characterized by high incidence, high suicide rate, low consultation and treatment rate. 40%-50% of the risk of depression comes from genes, so studying on gene abnormalities serves as an important part of the research in the internal causes of depression, among which the receptor gene abnormalities are crucial factors. The study of potential receptor gene loci is expected to be new target for the treatment of depression in the future, which can provide theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of depression.