Neuropathic pain represents a serious complication arising from a spectrum of disorders that precipitate lesions within the central and peripheral nervous systems. This disabling pain can persist for years, severely diminishing the quality of life of the affected individuals. The treatment options available for neuropathic pain at present have limited efficacy. Moreover, the adverse effects associated with these options restrict their application. The exact etiological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain remain unclear. However, neuroinflammatory processes mediated by the immune system play significant roles in the initiation and progression of neuropathic pain in various models. The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a pivotal element of the innate immune system, plays an indispensable role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of central and peripheral neuropathic pain. However, the precise mechanisms facilitating its activation in disparate neuropathic pain conditions remain to be elucidated. Gaining insights into the regulatory mechanisms affecting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in diverse neuropathic pain-associated disorders will aid in developing novel therapeutic avenues. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of several neuropathic pain-related conditions, such as diabetic neuropathic pain, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, peripheral nerve compression, central nervous system neuropathic pain, radiculopathy, and morphine analgesic tolerance. In addition, this review also discusses the possible use of this inflammasome as a therapeutic target to alleviate the pain-related symptoms of these diseases.

Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems “anesthesia” and “analgesia” are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven sub‑ optimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analge‑ sic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs’ side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analge‑ sic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.