Programmed cell death is known to play a crucial role in host defense,with various cell death pathways having u-nique regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,further research into cell death pathways has revealed crosstalk and coordination among them,leading to the proposition of a new cell death path-way:PANoptosis.PANoptosis is believed to be an inflammatory form of programmed cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex,possessing key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and ne-croptosis,and it cannot be solely characterized by any single mode of cell death.PANoptosis is involved in various diseases,such as infectious diseases and tumor-related conditions,where specific triggers can induce host cell death via the PANoptosis pathway.In-depth investigation of PANoptosis promises a better understanding of the complex regulatory network of cell death and may offer new therapeutic targets for diseases.This review provides an overview of the specific mechanisms underlying PANoptosis and its potential roles in various diseases such as cancer,infectious diseases,and cardiovascular disorders.

Programmed cell death is known to play a crucial role in host defense,with various cell death pathways having u-nique regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,further research into cell death pathways has revealed crosstalk and coordination among them,leading to the proposition of a new cell death path-way:PANoptosis.PANoptosis is believed to be an inflammatory form of programmed cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex,possessing key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and ne-croptosis,and it cannot be solely characterized by any single mode of cell death.PANoptosis is involved in various diseases,such as infectious diseases and tumor-related conditions,where specific triggers can induce host cell death via the PANoptosis pathway.In-depth investigation of PANoptosis promises a better understanding of the complex regulatory network of cell death and may offer new therapeutic targets for diseases.This review provides an overview of the specific mechanisms underlying PANoptosis and its potential roles in various diseases such as cancer,infectious diseases,and cardiovascular disorders.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with CREBBP gene mutation. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 14 ALL children with CREBBP gene mutation who were admitted to Children's Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to December 2023. Results The ALL patients with CREBBP gene mutation accounted for 1.5％ (14/963) among all children diagnosed with ALL during the same period of time,among whom there were 4 boys (29％) and 10 girls (71％),with a median age of 4 years and 3.5 months. All children had an immunological type of B-cell ALL and concurrent mutations in other genes including NRAS,KRAS,ETV6,FLT3,PAX5,SH2B3,CDKN2A,and CDKN2B,and 4 children had karyotype abnormality. All 14 children received induction therapy with the VDLP regimen,with a complete remission (CR) rate of 79％ (11/14) after the first course of treatment. Three children experienced bone marrow recurrence alone,with a recurrence rate of 21％ (3/14),among whom 1 child achieved CR after blinatumomab therapy and 2 received bridging hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after chemotherapy for recurrence. Among the 14 children,1 died due to treatment discontinuation and 13 achieved disease-free survival. The 5-year overall survival rate was 92％±7％,and the event-free survival rate was 73％±13％. Conclusions ALL with CREBBP gene mutation is more common in girls and has a low induction remission rate and a high recurrence rate,and it is often accompanied by other types of gene mutations and abnormal karyotypes. Most children with recurrence can achieve long-term survival after immunotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This study utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to rapidly analyze and identify the chemical constituents in five processed products of Strychni Semen(raw, sand-roasted, fried, urine-soaked, and vinegar-processed products). Using PeakView software to extract compound information, 50 chemical components were identified based on retention time, accurate molecular ion peaks, secondary mass spectrometry data, and comparison with reference standards and relevant literature. Specifically, 41 components were identified in raw Strychni Semen, 48 in sand-roasted, 43 in fried, 41 in urine-soaked, and 40 in vinegar-processed products. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed to identify differential components among the processed products, with variable importance in projection(VIP) values>1 and a t-test with P<0.05 as criteria. PCA revealed significant differences among the five processed products, demonstrating good clustering and separation. OPLS-DA identified 13 differential components, including brucine, strychnine, loganic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The results indicated that S. nux-vomica primarily contained alkaloids, organic acids, and glycosides, with significant compositional differences among the various processed products. Notably, the content of key components such as brucine and strychnine decreased after processing, with the most significant reduction observed in vinegar-processed Strychni Semen. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive comparison of the effects of different processing methods on the chemical composition of Strychni Semen, exploring the differences in the material basis of the processed products and offering data to support the scientific rationale behind the processing of Strychni Semen.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Strychnos/chemistry* ; Principal Component Analysis

BACKGROUND: Although congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been widely studied in Western countries, CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown. This study aimed to update the incidence and revealed the spatial pattern of CH incidence in the mainland of China, which could be helpful in the planning and implementation of preventative measures. METHODS: The data used in our study were derived from 245 newborns screening centers that cover 30 provinces of the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System. Spatial auto-correlation was analyzed by Global Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics at the provincial level. Kriging interpolation methods were applied to estimate a further detailed spatial distribution of CH incidence at city level throughout the mainland of China, and Kulldorff space scanning statistical methods were used to identify the spatial clusters of CH cases at the city level. RESULTS: A total of 91,921,334 neonates were screened from 2013 to 2018 and 42,861 cases of primary CH were identified, yielding an incidence of 4.66 per 10,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.62-4.71). Neonates in central (risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82-0.85) and western districts (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.69-0.73) had lower probability of CH cases compared with the eastern region. The CH incidence indicated a moderate positive global spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran I value = 0.394, P  < 0.05), and the CH cases were significantly clustered in spatial distribution. A most likely city-cluster (log-likelihood ratio [LLR] = 588.82, RR = 2.36, P  < 0.01) and 25 secondary city-clusters of high incidence were scanned. The incidence of each province and each city in the mainland of China was estimated by kriging interpolation, revealing the most affected province and city to be Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou city, respectively. CONCLUSION This study offers an insight into the space clustering of CH incidence at provincial and city scales. Future work on environmental factors need to focus on the effects of CH occurrence.
China/epidemiology* ; Cluster Analysis ; Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies ; Spatial Analysis

Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity of Methods: Protein extracts from Results: Immunization with Conclusion This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology* ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology* ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology* ; Cross Reactions ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology* ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology* ; Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Whole Genome Sequencing

ObjectiveThe development of new endovascular imaging techniques has optimized surgical treatment strategies. In this paper, we investigated the effect of rotational atherectomy (RA) guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) on long-term postoperative follow-ups.MethodsClinical data of 211 patients who underwent RA in the Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from November 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into IVUS Group (116 patients) and Non-IVUS Group (95 patients) according to whether they underwent the guidance of intravascular ultrasound or not. Basic information of all patients, coronary artery lesions and details of operation and other clinical data were collected. The long-term prognosis of the patients was collected and compared by telephone or outpatient follow-ups.ResultsThe head diameter, average stent diameter and total hospitalization expenses of the IVUS Group were significantly higher than those of the Non-IVUS Group, and the differences were statistically significant [(1.53±0.19) mm vs (1.46±0.14) mm, P=0.001; (3.09±0.48) mm vs (2.87±0.30) mm, P<0.001; (57,300±18,300) yuan vs (49,300±16,600) yuan, P=0.001]. The all-cause case fatality rate and cardiogenic case fatality rate of the IVUS Group were lower than those of the Non-IVUS Group (7.5% vs 16.7%, P=0.048; 1.9% vs 11.9%, P=0.005); There were no significant differences in the incidence of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and non-fatal stroke between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the cardiogenic mortality was significantly reduced in the IVUS Group (HR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.02~0.63, P=0.014), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of all-cause death and long-term MACE (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with the Non-IVUS Group, IVUS-guided RA can significantly reduce the incidence of long-term cardiogenic death and total hospitalization expenses.

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the change of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation rate (AA-Ag) and short-term adverse reactions after taking 50 or 100 mg/d aspirin(enteric-coated sustained-release formulation) or 100 mg/d aspirin (enteric-coated aspirin tablet)in the elderly Chinese population (aged 60 years or older). Methods: A total of 1 194 participants aged 60 or older, who should be recommended to take aspirin therapy due to medical reasons, were recruited and randomly assigned into three groups to receive enteric-coated sustained-release aspirin tablet (50 mg, once daily, group A), or 100 mg, once daily (group B) or enteric-coated aspirin tablet 100 mg once daily (group C), respectively. AA-Ag was measured after (14±3)days of aspirin treatment. Adverse events and bleeding events were recorded during the (28±3)days of follow-up. Results: The AA-Ag in group A (n=347), B (n=338) and C (n=332) post 14-day aspirin therapy were 6.65 (4.03,10.84)%, 5.89(3.22,10.03) % and 6.00(3.68,10.09) %, respectively (P>0.05). During the 28 days follow-up, the adverse events rate of group A (n=388), B (n=387) and C (n=385) was 3.87%,3.36%, and 7.95%, and the mild bleeding events rate was 3.09%, 2.33%, and 6.23%, respectively. Adverse events rate and mild bleeding events rate were significantly higher in group C than in group A and B (P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with 100 mg-dose aspirin, 50 mg-dose aspirin achieves similar anti-platelet aggregation effect in this elderly Chinese population. The short-term adverse events and mild bleeding risk of aspirin with enteric-coated sustained-release formulation were fewer than that of enteric-coated formulation.

DNA marked-assisted selection of medicinal plants accelerated the breeding and promotion of new cultivars, and guaranteed the healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials industry. The first disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng, namely "Miaoxiang Kangqi 1", served as the object of study. We evaluated the Kangqi's resistance of seeds, seedlings and root against the pathological bacteria (Fusarum oxysporum) of root rot. Compared to the traditional cultivars, the disease index of notoginseng seeds declined by 52.0% after inoculation for seven days; the death rate of seedlings and disease index of root respectively decreased by 72.1% and 62.4% after inoculation for 25 days. Additionally, the growth inhibition ratio of notoginseng seeds and seedlings declined after inoculation. The seeds, seedlings and roots of "Miaoxiang Kangqi 1" showed significantly resistant to root rot. The evaluation of disease-resistance of Kangqi provided the basis for the popularization of new cultivar and guaranteed the favoring conduct of notoginseng pollution-free cultivation.

AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors (DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes (namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair (ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min(-1) at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 °C and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds (phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Xanthones ; analysis