Objective: To investigate the correlation among α2, 6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-Ⅰ), CD36 desialylation, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in phorbol ester (PMA)-induced MEG-01 cell model, as well as their potential mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: MEG-01 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL PMA for 48 hours (control group: 0.1% DMSO). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers: desialylation (CD41 RCA ) and α2, 6-sialylation (CD41 SNA ). Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, CD36, and Cav-1. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with the control group (set as 100%), the proportion of CD41 RCA positive cells in the MEG-01 cells after PMA intervention significantly increased to (127.79±2.01)%, while the proportion of CD41 SNA positive cells significantly decreased to (78.09±1.76)% (both P<0.05). Western blot analysis results showed that, compared with the control group, PMA intervention significantly downregulated the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ protein (0.602±0.023 vs 0.768±0.068) and Cav-1 protein (1.012±0.028 vs 1.253±0.068) (both P<0.05), while significantly upregulating the expression of CD36 protein (0.936±0.033 vs 0.694±0.070, P<0.05). Conclusion: PMA can significantly inhibit the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, accompanied by increased desialylation (β-galactose exposure), elevated CD36, and downregulated Cav-1. These changes suggest that the increased exposure of CD36 antigen and the disorder of membrane microenvironment may be involved in the pathological process of ITP, providing a new direction for mechanism research.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)has steadily demonstrated benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes complicated with cardiovascular diseases based on evidence-based medicine,but its precise mechanism is yet unknown.We identified type 2 diabetes patients with HFpEF by searching PubMed,Web of Science,China knowledge network(CNKI),and other databases.We then summarized the pathological mechanism of HFpEF caused by type 2 diabetes.At the same time,to link to evidence-based medical,we explored the future of SGLT2i in clinical application.

Objective To establish in vitro the small intestinal organoid culture system and to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the growth of small intestinal organoids and the secretion of inflammatory factors.Methods In vitro,the small intestinal crypt cell mass of C57BL/6 mice was aseptically isolated,collected and embedded in organoid matrix.Under the support of complete medium,the small intestinal organoids with three-dimensional multi-leaf structure with small intestinal epithelioid structure were formed.The small intestinal organoids were subcultured after 5-7 d culture.On the third day after passage,the small intestinal organoids were randomly divided into different mass concentrations of LPS groups(0,150,175,200,225,250,275 and 300 mg/L).After 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction,morphological changes of small intestinal organoid growth and differentiation were observed.CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different time points and mass concentrations of LPS on the proliferative activity of small intestinal organoids after induction of inflammation.The effects of four different mass concentrations of LPS(0,175,200 and 225 mg/L)on expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6 and IL-10 in organoid culture supernatant at different times were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The mouse small intestinal organoid culture system was preliminarily constructed.After different time and mass concentration of LPS induced inflammation of small intestinal organoids,it was observed by morphology that small intestinal organoids would have different degrees of expansion and apoptosis in lumen.The proliferation,differentiation and budding of damaged intestinal epithelial crypts or intestinal stem cells were also inhibited to varying degrees,indicating that the growth of small intestinal organoids would be limited to varying degrees after induced inflammation.The proliferation activity of small intestinal organoids decreased to varying degrees after 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction at 175-225 mg/L(P＜0.05),but the cell viability was still greater than 50%.The levels of IL-1α,IL-6 and GM-CSF partially increased after induction with 200 mg/L and 225 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).The level of IL-10 decreased after induction with 200 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).Conclusion In this study,a model of intestinal inflammatory injury in vitro induced by LPS with different mass concentrations and time points is preliminarily constructed,which provides a more reliable research platform for the mechanism research of intestinal diseases and the screening of effective drugs in the future.

BACKGROUND:Endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell transplantation in the brain show great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases including ischemic stroke,repairing and replacing lost neurons,promoting synaptic remodeling,and inhibiting apoptosis.Traditional Chinese medicine and compound therapy for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation for the treatment of neurological dysfunction after ischemia have certain advantages,targeting nerve repair through a variety of ways,including promoting endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell survival,proliferation,homing,and inducing neuronal differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke,in order to provide a reference for the research and treatment of new drugs in ischemic stroke. METHODS:The articles from CNKI and PubMed databases about traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation in promotion of nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2022 were searched,with"supplementing qi and activating blood circulation;inducing resuscitation;traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);compounds;ischemic stroke;nerve repair;stem cells"as Chinese and English search terms.After excluding old and duplicate views,the retrieved literature was analyzed and collated,and a total of 124 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The definition of stem cells,ischemic stroke and the nerve repair pathway in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were sorted out.(2)The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke was summarized,mainly including promoting stem cell proliferation,improving stem cell viability and survival rate,promoting nerve cell homing,inducing stem cell differentiation to neurons,inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells,promoting axon regeneration,regulating angiogenesis and remodeling,improving the level of neurotrophic factors and repairing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.(3)Through the existing research,the relevant factors and signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicines and compounds for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were summarized,such as Nestin protein expression,DCX protein expression,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Notch signaling pathway,PI3k/Akt signaling pathway,BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.It provides a relevant reference for future research on ischemic stroke-specific drugs and new clinical treatment methods.

【Objective】 To explore the distribution of serological markers related to samples whose serological test results were inconsistent with HBV DNA test results among voluntary blood donors in Xi′an. 【Methods】 A total of 71 HBsAg ELISA positive and NAT non-reactive (ELISA+ /NAT-)blood samples were collected from Shaanxi Blood Center from November 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023. The serological markers of hepatitis B were detected by electrochemiluminescence method, and the HBV S region and C region gene fragments were amplified by nested-PCR. 【Results】 The positive rate of nested-PCR in double ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=30) was statistically higher than that of ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=41)(60% vs 24.4%, P<0.05). Donors in double ELISA+ /NAT- group were all first-time blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of 100%, and the serological pattern was mainly positive for items 1, 4 and 5 items(80%). Among the ELISA+ /NAT- group, 31.7% were repeat blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of only 19.51%, and the serological patterns were mainly single anti-HBs positive (43.90%) and all negative (36.58%). 【Conclusion】 There are false positives in the test results of ELISA+ /NAT- group, which leads to unnecessary blood discarding. Meanwhile, the samples with negative NAT may have low levels of HBV DNA, which may lead to missed detection. It is suggested that multiple systems and methods should be applied to trace the blood donors who are HBsAg positive and NAT non-reactive, so as to improve the accuracy of HBV screening of blood donors and reduce blood waste.

Objective:To explore the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in prediabetic patients.Methods:Subjects aged 20-65 years with high-risk factors of impaired glycemia enrolled in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2022 were recruited to conduct oral glucose tolerance test, after excluding other causes of neuropathy or radiculopathy. Patients with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance were defined by American Diabetes Association criteria. These patients were divided into clinical polyneuropathy (PN) and clinical non-PN groups, according to the 2010 Toronto consensus criteria and the presence of PN symptoms and signs or not. Nerve conduction studies (NCS), F wave, sympathetic skin response (SSR), R-R interval variation (RRIV) and current perception thresholds (CPT) were performed and the abnormal rate was compared between different electrodiagnostic methods and between clinical subgroups.Results:Among the 73 prediabetic patients ultimately enrolled, only 20 (27.4%) can be diagnosed as clinical PN according to the Toronto consensus criteria. The abnormal rate of CPT (68.5%, 50/73) was significantly higher than those of F wave (2.7%, 2/73), lower limb NCS (0, 0/73), upper limb NCS changes of carpal tunnel syndrome (26.0%, 19/73), SSR (6.8%, 5/73) and RRIV (5.5%, 4/73; McNemar test, all P<0.001). With sinusoid-waveform current stimuli at frequencies of 2 000 Hz, 250 Hz and 5 Hz, the CPT device was used to measure cutaneous sensory thresholds of large myelinated, small myelinated and small unmyelinated sensory fibers respectively. CPT revealed a 21.9% (16/73) abnormal rate of unmyelinated C fiber in the hands of prediabetic patients, significantly higher than that of large myelinated Aβ fibers [8.2% (6/73), χ2=5.352, P=0.021]. Both abnormal rates of small myelinated Aδ [42.5% (31/73)] and unmyelinated C fibers [39.7% (29/73)] in the feet of prediabetic patients were significantly higher than that of large myelinated Aβ fibers [11.0% (8/73), χ2=18.508, 15.965, both P<0.001]. Compared with the clinical non-PN group, the abnormal rates of CPT [90.0% (18/20) vs 60.4% (32/53), χ2=5.904, P=0.015] and SSR [20.0% (4/20) vs 1.9% (1/53), P=0.016) were significantly higher in the clinical PN group. Conclusions:Peripheral neuropathies in prediabetic patients are usually asymptomatic or subclinical, and predispose to affect unmyelinated and small myelinated sensory fibers. Selective electrodiagnostic measurements of small fibers help to detect prediabetic neuropathies in the earliest stages of the disease.

Studies have suggested that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression; however, the regulatory strategy that targets the NAc to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a specific reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the subset of dopamine D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc that promoted stress susceptibility, while the stimulation of cAMP production in NAc D1-MSNs efficiently rescued depression-like behaviors. Ketamine treatment enhanced cAMP both in D1-MSNs and dopamine D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) of depressed mice, however, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine solely depended on elevating cAMP in NAc D1-MSNs. We discovered that a higher dose of crocin markedly increased cAMP in the NAc and consistently relieved depression 24 h after oral administration, but not a lower dose. The fast onset property of crocin was verified through multicenter studies. Moreover, crocin specifically targeted at D1-MSN cAMP signaling in the NAc to relieve depression and had no effect on D2-MSN. These findings characterize a new strategy to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit by elevating cAMP in D1-MSNs in the NAc, and provide a potential rapid antidepressant drug candidate, crocin.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum hyaluronic acid levels and Child classification of liver function in Steatosis patients. Methods A total of 110 Steatosis patients admitted to Shaanxi People's Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018 were selected There were 23 cases in Child a group, 52 cases in Child B group and 35 cases in Child C Group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and serum hyaluronic acid (ha) were compared among the three groups. Results There were no significant differences in sex, age and BMI among Child A, Child B and Child C groups (P>0.05) . The level of serum hyaluronic acid in Child class C (91.39±24.67) was significantly higher than that in Child class B (38.26.9.36) and Child class A (29.55±6.97)（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in serum hyaluronic acid levels between Child B (38.26.9.36) and Child A (29.55 ± 6.97) groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Serum hyaluronic acid levels are high in Steatosis patients with poor liver function.

Objective:To analysis the laws and regulations related to human genetic resources, this study analyzed the current management status and trends at home and abroad, explored the related issues of human genetic resources data management, and provided reference for further promoting and standardizing the management of human genetic resources data in my country.Methods:This article analyzed the current management status of human genetic resources data from three levels: relevant policies, management frameworks, data platforms and sample databases through literature review and expert consultation and policy research.Results:Countries paid more and more attention to human genetic resources, and the construction of my country′s human genetic resources management system is constantly advancing and improving. In the data era, the management of human genetic resources was facing new problems and challenges, requiring further strengthening the research and management of relevant data.Conclusions:At present, the management of human genetic resource data in my country needs to be strengthened. On the one hand, it is necessary to promote the implementation and coordinated management of specific systems on human genetic resources data. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the effective protection and sharing of human genetic resource data.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used to treat neurological diseases.However,due to limitations of the blood-brain barrier,low survival rate and differentiation rate of stem cells at damaged sites,the therapeutic effect is limited. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills on proliferation,migration and astrocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Male SD rats were treated with Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills for 5 days after continuous gavage.Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated for later use.The effect of 5%,10%and 20%drug-containing serum on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of 10%drug-containing serum on lateral migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed by scratch test.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in Transwell cells.The effects of 10%drug-containing serum on longitudinal migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed by crystal violet staining and DAPI nuclear staining.Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes was observed by inducing solution with 10%drug-containing serum or co-culture with astrocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)10%and 20%drug-containing serum promoted cell proliferation more significantly on days 2 and 3,and there was no statistical difference between the two concentrations.(2)At 30 and 48 hours,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration in 10%drug-containing serum group was significantly higher than that in the control group.(3)The number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells filtered through Transwell cells in 10%drug-containing serum group was higher than that in the control group.(4)10%drug-containing serum might promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocytes,but the differentiation effect was weak,and astrocytes might further promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes induced by drug-containing serum.(5)The results exhibited that the 10%drug-containing serum could promote the proliferation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Co-culture with astrocytes may promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards astrocytes.