Objective: To explore the association between vegetable intake with glucose and lipid metabolism levels among school aged children, so as to provide scientific basis for dietary intervention on children s metabolic health. Methods: Based on a natural population cohort in Jiulongpo District and Fengdu County of Chongqing, 2 133 school aged children aged 6-9 years were enrolled in the baseline survey in 2014, and 2 029 children completed the follow up in 2019. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect vegetable intake, general demographic and lifestyle data. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), low densith lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-C), high densith lipoprotein triglyceride (HDL-C) were detected. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for intergroup comparisons in multivariate analysis, and mixed effects linear regression model was used to analyze the association between vegetable intake and glucose and lipid metabolism. Results: The levels of FBG, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C at baseline and follow up were [4.09(3.90,4.48), 0.84(0.60,1.14), 3.49(3.09,3.91), 1.25(1.09,1.46), 1.69 ( 1.39 ,2.02)；4.31(4.00,4.64), 0.92(0.71,1.22), 3.49(3.12,3.87), 1.36(1.16,1.57), 1.77(1.51,2.06)] mmol/L, respectively. Among these indicators, FBG, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C all increased significantly ( Z =-12.08, -7.82, -9.82, -5.37, all P < 0.01 ). The detection rate of low HDL-C levels at follow up (13.11%) was significantly lower than that at baseline (18.10%) ( χ 2=19.57, P <0.05). At baseline, there were significant differences in FBG, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C among children with different vegetable intake levels ( H =68.47, 30.16, 11.02, 13.27, 44.70); at followup, only HDL-C showed significant intergroup differences ( H =13.10)(all P <0.05). Mixed effects linear regression model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, vegetable intake was significantly negatively correlated with blood glucose levels among school aged children ( β=-0.03, 95%CI = -0.05 to -0.01, P <0.01). Conclusion Higher vegetable intake can independently reduce the risk of abnormal blood glucose in school aged children, which is of great significance for maintaining glucose metabolic health.

Objective: To construct a risk prediction model for pediatric metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), so as to provide practical tool for the early identification of high risk children. Methods: A healthy cohort of children in Southwest China was established from January 2021 to April 2025. A nested case-control study design was used to include 507 cases MASLD group and 507 cases in non MASLD group. Data on physical measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and liver ultrasound indicators were collected. Conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between individual variables and MASLD, Lasso regression was applied for multivariable screening, and a high risk prediction model was constructed and presented in the form of a nomogram. Internal validation was performed using 10 repeated ten fold cross validations to assess model discrimination, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that MASLD was associated with central obesity ( OR=22.11, 95%CI =15.62-31.29), apolipoprotein B ( OR=30.24, 95%CI =12.42-73.63), increased hepatorenal echo ( OR=326.00, 95%CI =183.87-578.01), hepatomegaly ( OR=24.98, 95%CI =16.66-37.46) (all P <0.05). The Lasso regression jointly selected 6 key variables, including hepatorenal echo, central obesity, hepatomegaly, right liver lobe inclination, body mass index, and alanine amino transferase. The results of cross validation showed that the average area under the curve (AUC) was 0.999 5, the average accuracy was 98.74%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 98.21% and 99.22% respectively, indicating a good predictive effect of the model. Conclusion The risk prediction model for high risk MASLD among children based on ultrasound and clinical indicators has good prediction effect, which is helpful for the early identification and risk stratification of pediatric MASLD.

Objective: To investigate the association between body weight standardized vitamin B intakes and blood pressure among school aged children, so as to provide evidence for developing dietary guidance and intervention strategies of promoting healthy blood pressure in children. Methods: The data were derived from a pediatric health cohort established in both urban and rural areas of Chongqing. A total of 1 368 primary school students in grades one to three were recruited for the baseline survey between October and November 2014 by using a stratified cluster random sampling design. From February to March 2019, 1 283 participants completed the first follow up assessment. Dietary intake and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and a self administered questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight, and other anthropometric indicators were measured. Body weight standardized intakes of six B vitamins(B 1, B 2, B 3, B 6, B 9, and B 12 )were categorized into tertiles( T1-T 3). Linear mixed effects models were applied to examine the associations between body weight standardized vitamin B intakes and changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In addition, mixed effects Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of elevated blood pressure. Results: Linear mixed effects model regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, and family history of obesity, body weight standardized B vitamin intake was negatively associated with SBP, DBP, and MAP in school aged children ( β =-7.79 to -0.68, all P <0.05). Results from the mixed effects Logistic regression models showed that, compared with the T 1 group, children in the T 3 group had a lower risk of elevated blood pressure for vitamin B 1 ( OR=0.40, 95%CI =0.25-0.64), B 2 ( OR=0.36, 95%CI =0.23-0.58), B 3 ( OR=0.47, 95%CI =0.31-0.72, B 6 ( OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.22-0.60), B 9 ( OR=0.36, 95%CI =0.21-0.60), and B 12 ( OR= 0.56 , 95%CI =0.37-0.86)(all P <0.05). Conclusions Body weight standardized B vitamins were associated with changes in blood pressure levels and the risk of elevated blood pressure among school aged children. Ensuring sufficient dietary intakes of vitamin B may help prevent and control of abnormal blood pressure in children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the peripheral neural mechanism underlying representation along the distribution of stomach meridian induced by intestinal inflammatory reaction using diarrhea predominant-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) mice. METHODS: Among 62 healthy male C57BL/6 mice of clean grade, 12 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group and a model group, 6 mice in each group, additionally, 12 mice were randomly selected and divided into a Tianshu group, a Liangqiu group and a Zusanli group, 4 mice in each group. In the model group, citrobacter was administered orally to establish IBS-D model. In the control group and the model group, the visceral pain threshold was observed using fecal colorectal distension (fCRD) induced electromyography of external oblique muscle, the positive cell number of neutrophil in the colonic muscularis was detected by myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining, the number, location and distribution rule of Evans blue (EB) extravasation points were observed by injection of EB staining solution into the tail vein. In the Tianshu group, the Liangqiu group and the Zusanli group, fluorescent dye Dil was injected at bilateral "Tianshu" (ST25), "Liangqiu" (ST34) and "Zusanli" (ST36) respectively, to observe the dye-positive cell number in different dorsal root ganglion (DRG) segments. In the control group and the model group, the activation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) in different DRG segments was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the area under curve of electromyography of external oblique muscle was increased at fCRD of 25, 50 and 75 μL distilled water (P<0.001, P<0.01); the MPO-positive cell number of neutrophil in the colonic muscularis was increased (P<0.01). Few EB extravasation points could be found in the control group, while there were much more EB extravasation points observed in the model group, which was specially distribution in the area of stomach meridian, from "Huaroumen" (ST24) to "Zusanli" (ST36), as well as the surface area dominated by L₂-L₅ segment of the spinal cord. The Dil-positive cells were mainly exhibited in the DRG of T₁₁, L₅ and L₄ segments in the Tianshu group, the Liangqiu group and the Zusanli group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the ratio of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/glutamine synthetase (GS) co-expression was increased in the DRG of T₁₁, L₄ and L₅ segments in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The activation of SGCs within DRG of T₁₁, L₄ and L₅ segments may relate closely to the occurrence of the representation along the stomach meridian distribution in IBS-D mice.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Meridians ; Stomach/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Disease Models, Animal

To elucidate the mechanism by which steaming affects the quality of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers, methods such as LSCM, RVA, dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, LF-NMR, and LC-MS were employed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect changes in starch gelatinization characteristics, water distribution, and material composition of C. kwangsiensis root tubers under different steaming durations. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, the correlation between differences in gelatinization parameters, water distribution, and terpenoid material composition was investigated. The results indicate that steaming affects both starch gelatinization and water distribution in C. kwangsiensis. During the steaming process, transformations occur between amylose and amylopectin, as well as between semi-bound water and free water. After 60 min of steaming, starch gelatinization and water distribution reached an equilibrium state. The content of amylopectin, the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, and parameters such as gelatinization temperature, viscosity, breakdown value, and setback value were significantly correlated(P≤0.05). Additionally, the amylose-to-amylopectin ratio was significantly correlated with total free water and total water content(P≤0.05). Steaming induced differences in the material composition of C. kwangsiensis root tubers. Clustering of primary metabolites in the OPLS-DA model was distinct, while secondary metabolites were classified into 9 clusters using the K-means clustering algorithm. Differential terpenoid metabolites such as(-)-α-curcumene were significantly correlated with zerumbone, retinal, and all-trans-retinoic acid(P<0.05). Curcumenol was significantly correlated with isoalantolactone and ursolic acid(P<0.05), while all-trans-retinoic acid was significantly correlated with both zerumbone and retinal(P<0.05). Alpha-tocotrienol exhibited a significant correlation with retinal and all-trans-retinoic acid(P<0.05). Amylose was extremely significantly correlated with(-)-α-curcumene, curcumenol, zerumbone, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid, and α-tocotrienol(P<0.05). Amylopectin was significantly correlated with zerumbone(P<0.05) and extremely significantly correlated with(-)-α-curcumene, curcumenol, zerumbone, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid, and 9-cis-retinoic acid(P<0.01). The results provide scientific evidence for elucidating the mechanism of quality formation of steamed C. kwangsiensis root tubers as a medicinal material.
Curcuma/chemistry* ; Starch/chemistry* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Water/chemistry* ; Terpenes/analysis* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Plant Tubers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), one of the most severe types of male infertility, etiology often remains unclear in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants (0.5%) in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2 ( MCMDC2 ) genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients (c.1360G>T, c.1956G>T, and c.685C>T) and hypospermatogenesis in one patient (c.94G>T), as further confirmed through immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis. The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses. The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA, which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Meiosis/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics* ; Alleles ; Infertility, Male/genetics*

Mental disorders pose a significant challenge to global public health,profoundly affecting the quality of life of a vast number of individuals and imposing a heavy health burden on society.Nonetheless,there remains a substantial gap between the current societal capacity to provide prevention,diagnosis,and treatment for mental disorders and the existing demand for such services.In recent years,the development and application of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies have provided unprecedented opportunities to enhance mental healthcare services.As one of the fastest-growing fields of AI,generative AI has played a pivotal role in analyzing diverse forms of data,including medical image processing,protein structure prediction,clinical document generation,auxiliary diagnostic discrimination,and clinical decision support.These advancements have significantly strengthened capabilities in clinical diagnosis,data reconstruction,and adjunctive therapeutic interventions.This review highlights the potential applications of generative AI in advancing fundamental psychiatric research,identifying early risk factors for mental disorders,and assisting clinicians in diagnosis and treatment.Additionally,it addresses the challenges and limitations currently facing the application of generative AI to mental healthcare,including biases,privacy breaches,and insufficient interpretability.Finally,the review summarizes strategies to enhance AI's capacity to deliver mental health services,aiming to leverage new technologies to reduce the global burden of mental disorders and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.

Objective: To investigate the correlation among α2, 6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-Ⅰ), CD36 desialylation, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in phorbol ester (PMA)-induced MEG-01 cell model, as well as their potential mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: MEG-01 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL PMA for 48 hours (control group: 0.1% DMSO). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers: desialylation (CD41 RCA ) and α2, 6-sialylation (CD41 SNA ). Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, CD36, and Cav-1. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with the control group (set as 100%), the proportion of CD41 RCA positive cells in the MEG-01 cells after PMA intervention significantly increased to (127.79±2.01)%, while the proportion of CD41 SNA positive cells significantly decreased to (78.09±1.76)% (both P<0.05). Western blot analysis results showed that, compared with the control group, PMA intervention significantly downregulated the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ protein (0.602±0.023 vs 0.768±0.068) and Cav-1 protein (1.012±0.028 vs 1.253±0.068) (both P<0.05), while significantly upregulating the expression of CD36 protein (0.936±0.033 vs 0.694±0.070, P<0.05). Conclusion: PMA can significantly inhibit the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, accompanied by increased desialylation (β-galactose exposure), elevated CD36, and downregulated Cav-1. These changes suggest that the increased exposure of CD36 antigen and the disorder of membrane microenvironment may be involved in the pathological process of ITP, providing a new direction for mechanism research.

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and changes in its risk factors among residents in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021, so as to identify key priorities for COPD prevention and control. Methods: Data on COPD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for residents in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Standardized mortality and standardized DALY rate were calculated using the GBD 2021 world population standard structure. Premature mortality was computed via the life table method. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was applied to analyze trends in COPD mortality, DALY rate, and premature mortality. Changes in deaths of COPD risk factors were evaluated using population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: From 1990 to 2021, the standardized COPD mortality in Zhejiang Province decreased from 272.40/100 000 to 70.56/100 000 (AAPC=-4.395%), and the standardized DALY rate declined from 4 167.37/100 000 to 1 071.89/100 000 (AAPC=-4.396%). Similar downward trends were observed in both males (AAPC=-3.933%, -4.173%) and females (AAPC=-4.785%, -4.480%), all P<0.05. Crude mortality and DALY rates increased with age, and the crude mortality and DALY rates of various age groups in Zhejiang Province showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2021 (all P<0.05). The premature mortality declined from 4.37% to 0.60% from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=- 6.206%), with consistent trends across males and females (AAPC=- 6.144%, - 6.379%, all P<0.05). From 1990 to 2021, particulate matter pollution showed the largest reduction in PAF (- 56.76%), while ambient ozone pollution had the largest increase (103.07%) in Zhejiang Province. By 2021, smoking became the leading risk factor for deaths of COPD (PAF=43.32%). Conclusions The standardized mortality, standardized DALY rate, and premature mortality for COPD show consistent declining trends in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2021. However, risk factors such as smoking and ambient ozone pollution require intensified focus to further reduce disease burden of COPD.