Objective To comprehensively analyze the current epidemic characteristics and disease burden of brucellosis in Tongliao City, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control strategy of brucellosis in Tongliao City. Methods The report data of brucellosis in Tongliao City from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis, and the disability-adjusted life years and indirect economic losses were calculated. Results From 2018 to 2023, a total of 22 034 cases were reported in Tongliao City, with an average annual incidence of 136.17/100 000. The incidence was statistically different between men and women ( χ²=12.23, P=0.032). The majority of cases were farmers (94.25%), followed by herdsmen (1.67%). The age group was concentrated between 30-60 years old (79.30%), among which the majority of cases were in the 40-50 years group (6 883/22 034). The onset time had seasonal characteristics, and the peak period was from March to August (the seasonal index was between 115.40%-151.29%). In terms of regional distribution, cases were reported in all counties (banners). The average annual incidence was highest in Kulun Banner (233.85/100 000) and Zalut Banner (210.13/100 000), and lowest in Keerqin District (42.28/100 000) and Holingol City (31.87/100 000). The analysis of disease burden showed that a total of 677.55 person-years (YLD) were lost from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual loss of 112.92 person-years. The total indirect economic loss was 59.3576 million yuan, with an average annual loss of 9.892 9 million yuan, and the people over 60 years old had the lowest annual loss. Conclusion The overall brucellosis epidemic in Tongliao City has shown a fluctuating downward trend. The epidemic prevention and control should be strengthened in farmers, people aged 40-50 years old, and areas such as Zalut Banner and Kulun Banner to further control the epidemic of brucellosis.

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus are the two most common pregnancy complications worldwide, affecting 5%-10% of pregnant women. Preeclampsia is associated with significantly increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia-induced uteroplacental dysfunction is now recognized as a key pathological factor in preeclampsia and IUGR. Reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) disrupts mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. Hypoxia has been shown to alter mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and induce ER stress. Hypoxia during pregnancy is associated with excessive production of ROS in the placenta, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs in a number of human diseases, including high blood pressure during pregnancy. Studies have shown that uterine placental tissue/cells in preeclampsia and IUGR show high levels of oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both the complications. This review summarizes the role of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia/IUGR and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress to treat both the pregnancy complications.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta ; Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology* ; Pre-Eclampsia/pathology* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Hypoxia/pathology* ; Pregnancy Complications/pathology* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Introduction: Open tendoachilles injuries are rare and associated with significant soft tissues complications. The objective of the present study was to assess the clinical outcome and safety of a simple and minimally invasive technique, with a goal to assess if it may help minimise flap and wound related complications in open tendoachilles injuries. Materials and methods: This prospective study of four years duration included 20 patients with open tendoachilles injuries managed with a simple minimally invasive tunnel technique. The primary outcome variable was occurrence of a major soft tissue complication. The secondary outcome variables included functional outcome measured using AOFAS Ankle hind foot score, re-rupture of tendoachilles and need for revision surgery. Results: None of the patients in the present series developed a serious soft tissue complication. Based upon the AOFAS hind foot scoring system, good to excellent outcome was achieved in 19 (95%) patients. All the patients were able to perform tip toe walking at six months post-surgery. None of the patients had a re-rupture of the tendoachilles and no patient needed a revision surgery. The complications encountered include thickening of the tendon at the repair site (15%), superficial wound infection (5%), stitch granuloma (5%) and hypertrophic scar (5%). Conclusion: This technique seems to be promising in reducing the soft tissue complications associated with the surgical management of open tendoachilles injuries. Most patients had a good final clinical outcome. The technique is safe, simple and reproducible. However, further randomised control studies with a larger sample size assessing the technique are recommended.

Brucella ; Brucellosis/diagnosis* ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Gold Colloid ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020, and provide a reliable scientific basis for formulating brucellosis prevention and control strategies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out to collect data of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020 from the "China Disease Control and Prevention Information System", and the monitoring data and information of confirmed cases were collected from the annual summary data reported by the leagues (cities) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the epidemic situation, three distributions (time, region and population distributions) of brucellosis, and the serological and pathogenic test results of active monitoring population were analyzed.Results:From 2018 to 2020, a total of 40 665 cases of brucellosis were reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an annual average incidence rate of 53.47/100 000. The number of annual incidence had increased from 10 111 in 2018 to 16 406 in 2020, and the annual incidence rate had increased from 39.99/100 000 in 2018 to 64.60/100 000 in 2020. The spring and summer was the peak incidence, mainly in March to August, accounting for 64.90% (26 390/40 665) . There were reports of brucellosis cases in 12 leagues (cities) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the top 3 regions with the number of reported cases were Tongliao City (9 896 cases), Xing'an League (6 136 cases) and Chifeng City (4 934 cases). The age of onset of brucellosis cases was mainly 30 - < 65 years old(33 539 cases), and the sex ratio between men and women was 2.18 ∶ 1.00 (27 890 ∶ 12 775); the occupational distribution was mainly farmers, accounting for 79.23% (32 221/40 665). From 2018 to 2020, 704 085 people were actively monitored in the region, of which 391 941 were serologically tested, and the infection rate was 4.57% (17 920/391 941); and there were 9 539 new cases in the active monitoring population. In 3 years, 19 strains of Brucella sheep type 3 and 11 strains of Brucella sheep type 1 were isolated. Conclusions:From 2018 to 2020, the incidence rate of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is increasing year by year. There are many new cases in the active monitoring population, and more underreporting cases. It is recommended to expand the scope of monitoring, strengthen pathogen monitoring among humans and animals, and joint prevention and control of various departments to improve the self-protection awareness of the masses.

The postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially the postmortem diagnosis of early AMI that died immediately after onset or within 1 hour, has always been a difficulty in forensic identification. This article reviews the forensic application of diagnosis and analysis methods for AMI postmortem diagnosis including autopsy imaging, histomorphology, immunohisto-chemistry, biochemical marker and molecular biology diagnosis, and explores the feasible scheme of early postmortem diagnosis in AMI.
Autopsy ; Biomarkers ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis* ; Postmortem Changes

Humans ; Scopolamine ; Phenobarbital ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Penehyclidine is a newly developed anticholinergic agent. We aimed to investigate the role of penehyclidine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (OP) patients. METHODS: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature (CBM) and Wanfang databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting acute OP patients were identified for meta-analysis. Main outcomesincluded cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, time to 60% normal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) level, rate of intermediate syndrome (IMS) and rate of adverse drug reactions (ADR). RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs involving 1,334 patients were identified. Compared with the atropine-or penehyclidine-alone groups, atropine combined with penehyclidine significantly increased the cure rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.97 vs. 0.86, RR 1.13, 95% CI [1.07–1.19]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.93 vs. 0.80, RR 1.08, 95% CI [1.01–1.15]) and reduced the mortality rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.015 vs. 0.11, RR 0.17, 95% CI [0.06–0.49]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.13 vs. 0.08, RR 0.23, 95% CI [0.04–1.28]). Atropine combined with penehyclidine in OP patients also helped reduce the time to atropinization and AchE recovery, the rate of IMS and the rate of ADR. Compared with a single dose of atropine, a single dose of penehyclidine also significantly elevated the cure rate, reduced times to atropinization, AchE recovery, and rate of IMS. CONCLUSION Atropine combined with penehyclidine benefits OP patients by enhancing the cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, AchE recovery, IMS rate, total ADR and duration of hospitalization. Penehyclidine combined with atropine is likely a better initial therapy for OP patients than atropine alone.

Objective:To grasp the exposure factors and risk factors of brucellosis in animal products practitioners in Xilinhot, and provide data support for targeted prevention and control of the disease.Methods:In 2018, employees of different types and sizes of cattle and sheep slaughtering and processing related enterprises, as well as individual practitioners engaged in animal product acquisition, trafficking, market transactions, street slaughtering and other activities were selected as the target of the survey in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia Animal Products Processing Zone, to conduct a group survey on the selected enterprises, and conduct surveys on individual practitioners by means of searching in the market and recruiting free clinics. The survey was focused on basic conditions, incidence, types of work, and work habits. The sera of the survey subjects were collected for testing. Risk factors were analyzed for the work habits of seropositive cases with brucellosis.Results:A total of 15 cattle and sheep slaughter and processing enterprises were investigated, including 371 workers, of whom 24 were seropositive; 219 individual practitioners were surveyed, 38 of whom were seropositive. Among different types of work, enterprise workers were involved in a total of 10 types of work, of which dead lambs were the most dangerous, with a prevalence of 26.67% (4/15), followed by boning meat, with a prevalence of 14.71% (15/102); 11 individuals were involved in 10 types of work, of which eviscerate meat was the most dangerous, with a prevalence of 50.00% (6/12), followed by treatment of dead lambs, with a prevalence of 33.82% (23/68). As a result of the survey of risk factors, slaughtering and processing enterprises practitioners were surveyed 13 types of work habits, 5 of which were risk factors for brucellosis, including mouth tools, scratching the skin, not wearing a hat, contaminating the whole body, and contaminating the head and face. The individual pratitioners were investigated 12 work habits, 5 of which were risk factors for brucellosis, including not wearing a mask, not taking a bath after work, contaminating the limbs, contaminating the head and face, and not washing hands before meals.Conclusions:Workers engaged in boning meat and dead lamb processing are at higher risk of contracting brucellosis. Individuals and enterprise workers have some work habits, which are risk factors for contracting brucellosis. Publicity and education and behavior intervention measures should be strengthened in the future.