Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

Objective: To investigate the correlation among α2, 6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-Ⅰ), CD36 desialylation, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in phorbol ester (PMA)-induced MEG-01 cell model, as well as their potential mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: MEG-01 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL PMA for 48 hours (control group: 0.1% DMSO). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers: desialylation (CD41 RCA ) and α2, 6-sialylation (CD41 SNA ). Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, CD36, and Cav-1. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with the control group (set as 100%), the proportion of CD41 RCA positive cells in the MEG-01 cells after PMA intervention significantly increased to (127.79±2.01)%, while the proportion of CD41 SNA positive cells significantly decreased to (78.09±1.76)% (both P<0.05). Western blot analysis results showed that, compared with the control group, PMA intervention significantly downregulated the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ protein (0.602±0.023 vs 0.768±0.068) and Cav-1 protein (1.012±0.028 vs 1.253±0.068) (both P<0.05), while significantly upregulating the expression of CD36 protein (0.936±0.033 vs 0.694±0.070, P<0.05). Conclusion: PMA can significantly inhibit the expression of ST6Gal-Ⅰ, accompanied by increased desialylation (β-galactose exposure), elevated CD36, and downregulated Cav-1. These changes suggest that the increased exposure of CD36 antigen and the disorder of membrane microenvironment may be involved in the pathological process of ITP, providing a new direction for mechanism research.

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of feedforward control mode on improving occupational burnout among operating room nurses through theoretical research and clinical practice， with a view to promoting their physical and mental health and enhancing the quality of surgical nursing. MethodsA total of 440 operating room nurses from different regions， scales， and nursing experiences in Shaanxi Province from November 2023 to December 2023 were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group， with 220 nurses in each group. While the control group received routine intervention measures， the experimental group introduced a feedforward control mode based on the control group， with “emotional exhaustion，” “depersonalization，”and“personal achievement” as observation indicators. ResultsThe incidence of occupational burnout in the experimental group was 11.4%， while that in the control group was 20.0%. The experimental group showed a significantly lower incidence than the control group （P=0.013）. ConclusionThe feedforward control mode can significantly alleviate nurses’ sense of job burnout， promote the improvement of surgical nursing quality， as well as continuously improve the scientific rigor， advancement， and humanistic nature of nursing services， which is conducive to building a harmonious and efficient nursing team. The spirit of teamwork， reflected in mutual support， mutual trust， and joint efforts for surgical success and patient health， has become an important component of nurses’ professional ethics.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria cases in West China Hospital of Sichuan University in recent years and to provide reference for the prevention and control of imported infectious diseases.METHOD A retrospective analysis of 62 cases of imported malaria from abroad reported in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2012 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS From 2012 to 2023,62 cases of imported malaria were reported,including 49 cases(79.03％)of falciparum malaria,10 cases(16.13％)of vivax malaria,and 3 cases(4.84％)of ovale malaria.Among the imported malaria cases,9 cases were severe malaria,with 8(16.33％,8/49)severe cases caused by falciparum malaria,of which 6 cases(75.00％,6/8)were cere-bral malaria.The cases were mainly Chinese citizens and young-to-middle-aged adults,with the highest concentra-tion in the 40-49 age group(37.10％,23/62).There were more males than females,with a male-to-female sex ratio of 11.4∶1;the predominant occupation was worker(38.71％,24/62).The primary region of importation was Africa(90.32％,56/62).There was importation throughout the year,with no distinct seasonal distribution pattern.Two of the admitted cases died(severe cases of falciparum malaria,which developed into cerebral malari-a),while the rest were improved and discharged from the hospital after standardized treatment.CONCLUSIONS Cases of imported malaria from abroad are characterized by Chinese nationality,males,young adults and workers.The type of malaria is mainly falciparum malaria,and the prognosis for most cases is relatively good.It is necessary to strengthen the construction of joint prevention and control systems and other long-term mechanisms,and to continuously and scientifically implement various strategies and measures to prevent the re-emergence of malaria through imported ca-ses,in order to avoid the occurrence of secondary cases resulting from imported infections.

This study aims to investigate the changes in blood biochemical indicators of tongue roll-ing(TR)behavior in cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota,laying a founda-tion for further exploring the relationship between animal oral microbiota,biochemical indicators,and behavioral changes.It also provides theoretical basis for preventing and treating TR behavior through regulating oral microbiota.This study intends to analyze and compare the blood biochemi-cal indicators and changes in oral microbiota of cattle with TR behavior and healthy cattle without TR behavior(healthy control,H),in order to explore the blood biochemical indicators of TR cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota.Blood samples from the caudal vein of cattle in each group were collected for the detection of blood biochemical indicators and stress-related hormone indicators.Oral swabs from cattle in each group were collected for 16S rRNA gene se-quencing to analyze the composition,structure,and functional changes of their oral microbiota.The results of blood biochemical indicators in H and TR groups showed that the concentrations of al-bumin(ALB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),calcium ion(Ca2+),and cortisol in TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in beta diversity of oral microbiota between TR and H groups(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the rela-tive abundances of Pseudomonas,Enterobacter,Xanthomonas,and other genera in the oral micro-biota of TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).However,the rela-tive abundances of Tessaracoccus,Turicibacter,Monoglobus,Dietzia,Bifidobacterium,and other genera in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).In the KEGG metabolic pathway at the third level,the relative abundances of thiamine me-tabolism,lipoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ALB and AST were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas.Therelative abundances of Pseudomonas,Stenotrophomonas,and Sphingomonas were significantly positively correlated with fatty acid metabolism,phosphate and phosphonate metabolism,and lipoate metabolism.ALB was significantly positively correlated with inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate and phosphonate metabolism.The study found that there were significant differences in blood biochemical indicators and oral microbiota between TR and H groups.In addition,there is a certain correlation between the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota and the biochemical function of the host.This indicates that TR behav-ior may be associated with changes in the biochemical indicators of the host and the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota.

Objective To develop a risk prediction model for ischemic stroke in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS)patients based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(HR-MRI)and arterial spin labeling(ASL)imaging.Methods A total of 142 patients were included and divided into acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and transient ischemic attack(TIA)groups based on stroke occurrence.Clinical risk factors,plaque characteristics,and arterial transit artifact(ATA)presence on ASL images were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed,incorporating clinical risk factors,plaque characteristics,and double post labeling delay(PLD)ATA presence.The predictive value of different models was compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and DeLong tests.Results Hypertension,positive lumen remodeling,plaque enhance-ment rate,1.5 s-ATA presence,and 2.5 s-ATA presence were independent risk factors for AIS(P＜0.05).The combination of HR-MRI and ASL imaging predicted AIS most effectively[area under the curve(AUC)=0.908;95％ confidence interval(CI)0.862-0.954].No significant difference was found between the prediction performances of HR-MRI and ASL(95％CI-0.041-0.082,Z=0.659,P=0.509).Conclusion ASL is more convenient than HR-MRI for predicting ischemic stroke in ICAS patients.A model combining plaque characteristics and ATA presence effectively predicts AIS occurrence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for brucellar spondylitis.Electronic medical record data for patients with brucellosis at Yidu Central Hospital in Weifang City were retrospectively collected from January 2018 to April 2024,including general data,clinical characteristics,and laboratory examinations.The patients were divided into a spinal in-volvement group and a no spinal involvement group.The risk factors for brucellar spondylitis were determined through multi-factorial logistic regression model analysis.Of the 124 patients with brucellosis,59 had brucellar spondylitis,and 65 had bru-cellosis alone.There were more patients with age ≥55 years(x2=17.71),time from onset to diagnosis ≥30 days(x2=26.17),and low back pain(x2=52.71)in the spinal involvement group than in the group without spinal involvement,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.001);there were more patients with headaches in the group without spinal in-volvement than in the group with spinal involvement,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=8.34,P＜0.05).and there were more patients in the spinal involvement group with neutrophil percent(NEU％)(t=2.94),platelet count(PLT)(t=122.00),blood sedimentation rate(ESR)(Z=-6.74),C-reactive protein(CRP)(Z=-5.74),and interleukin-6(IL-6)(Z=-2.08)were higher in the spine-involved group than in the group without spine-involvement,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly lower in the spine-involved group(LDH)than the group without spinal involvement(t=-2.04,P＜0.042).A multifactorial logistic regression analysis indicated that a du-ration of out-of-hospital symptoms ≥30 days(OR=6.265,95％CI 1.181-33.241),symptoms of low back pain(OR=14.885,95％CI 3.144-70.472),elevated PLT(OR=1.013,95％CI 1.004-1.023),and elevated ESR(OR=1.053,95％CI 1.008-1.100)were risk factors for brucellar spondylitis(all P＜0.05).The optimal cut-off values for ROC analysis were PLT＞278.5 ×109/L(sensitivity 89.2％,specificity 59.3％)and ESR＞16.5 mm/h(sensitivity 69.2％,specificity of 86.4％);using both PLT and ESR for diagnosis yielded an AUROC of 0.891(95％CI 0.831-0.950),a sensitivity of 86.2％,and a specificity of 84.7％.When patients with brucellosis present with symptoms of low back pain,a time from onset to diagnosis of ≥30 days,and markedly elevated ESR and PLT,lumbar magnetic resonance examination is recommended to rule out brucellar spondylitis,to enable early diagnosis and timely treatment,improve patient prognosis,shorten illness duration,and improve patient quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women in different water iodine areas of Shandong Province.Methods:From February to September 2023, Leling City (iodine deficient), Gaotang County (moderate iodine), and Liangshan County (high iodine) in different water iodine areas of Shandong Province were selected as survey sites. One village was selected from each county (city) in five directions: east, west, south, north, and center. Forty children aged 8 to 10 years (balanced in age, half male and half female) and 20 pregnant women were selected as survey subjects in each village. Random urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to test for urinary iodine. Meanwhile, thyroid examinations were conducted on children to calculate the goiter rate.Results:A total of 600 urine samples of children were tested, with a median urinary iodine level of 246.0 μg/L. The median urinary iodine levels of children in iodine deficient, moderate iodine and high iodine areas were 219.6, 208.0 and 446.0 μg/L, respectively ( n = 200, 200, 200). The median urinary iodine level of children in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas ( P < 0.05). A total of 600 children underwent thyroid examinations, with a goiter rate of 5.8% (35/600). The goiter rate of children in iodine deficient, moderate iodine, and high iodine areas were 4.0% (8/200), 1.0% (2/200), and 12.5% (25/200), respectively. The goiter rate of children in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas ( P < 0.05). A total of 247 urine samples of pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine level of 158.2 μg/L. The median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in iodine deficient, moderate iodine, and high iodine areas were 75.3, 175.2 and 321.2 μg/L, respectively ( n = 98, 84, 65). The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women in high iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient and moderate iodine areas, and the median urinary iodine level of pregnant women in moderate iodine area was significantly higher than that in iodine deficient area ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The urinary iodine levels of children and pregnant women and the goiter rate of children in high iodine area of Shandong Province are significantly increased, and water iodine may be a key factor affecting the iodine nutrition status of the population.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of non coding RNA GATA binding protein 6 antisense RNA1 (lncRNA GATA6-AS1) and GATA binding protein 6 messenger RNA (GATA6 mRNA) in ovarian cancer.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 98 patients with ovarian cancer treated at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, from January 2022 to January 2025, and 98 patients with benign ovarian lesions during the same period were selected as the control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the serum and tissue expression levels of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA in patients with ovarian cancer and benign ovarian lesions. Pearson analysis was performed to assess the correlation between serum lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA levels in patients with ovarian cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA levels in patients with ovarian cancer.Results:Compared with the control group, the serum levels of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA in the study group were decreased: 0.76 ± 0.18 vs. 1.00 ± 0.22, 0.75 ± 0.19 vs. 1.01 ± 0.21, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Pearson analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA levels in the study group ( r = 0.61, P<0.05). Compared with benign ovarian lesion tissues, the expression levels of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues were reduced: 0.65 ± 0.15 vs. 1.01 ± 0.20, 0.59 ± 0.12 vs. 1.01 ± 0.24, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). In serous ovarian cancer tissues, the expression levels of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA were lower than those in mucinous ovarian cancer tissues: 0.61 ± 0.10 vs. 0.77 ± 0.16, 0.54 ± 0.11 vs. 0.74 ± 0.14, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues was associated with tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, and ascites ( P<0.05). The ROC curve indicated that the combined diagnosis of serum lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA for ovarian cancer had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905, which was significantly higher than that of lncRNA GATA6-AS1 alone ( Z = 2.45, P = 0.014) and GATA6 mRNA alone ( Z = 2.16, P = 0.031). Conclusions:The lncRNA GATA6-AS1 and GATA6 mRNA in serum and tissue of ovarian cancer patients decrease, showing a positive correlation. The joint of the two has high diagnostic value for ovarian cancer.