Objective To study the characteristics of hepatitis B before and after hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program in Haidong area, and to provide basis for the prevention and control strategy of hepatitis B. Methods The annual incidence of hepatitis B before (2000 -2002) and after (2018 -2020) hepatitis B vaccine was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method from the hepatitis B cases reported by the notifiable infectious diseases reporting system and hepatitis B surveillance system in Haidong region. After the hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, the experimental group was used to analyze the characteristics of hepatitis B disease before and after the hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, including age, sex, region, occupation and season of onset. A certain number of people were randomly selected to compare the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine before and after inclusion in the immunization program. Results The incidence of hepatitis B increased year by year before hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, but decreased year by year after hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Before and after the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into the immunization program, the incidence of hepatitis B mainly concentrated in 20 to 60 years old, 0 to 19 years old, the lowest incidence, there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B vaccine in males was higher than that in females before and after hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas before hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, and the incidence of hepatitis B in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas after hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before the introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into the immunization program, the incidence of hepatitis B mainly concentrated in farmers, the proportion of farmers increased from 50.99% to 53.31%, the proportion of students decreased from 5.38% to 2.56%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program, the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine increased from (93.61%) to (98.18%), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The hepatitis B vaccine in Haidong area has achieved remarkable effect and effectively controlled the incidence of hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND: Penehyclidine is a newly developed anticholinergic agent. We aimed to investigate the role of penehyclidine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (OP) patients. METHODS: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature (CBM) and Wanfang databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting acute OP patients were identified for meta-analysis. Main outcomesincluded cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, time to 60% normal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) level, rate of intermediate syndrome (IMS) and rate of adverse drug reactions (ADR). RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs involving 1,334 patients were identified. Compared with the atropine-or penehyclidine-alone groups, atropine combined with penehyclidine significantly increased the cure rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.97 vs. 0.86, RR 1.13, 95% CI [1.07–1.19]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.93 vs. 0.80, RR 1.08, 95% CI [1.01–1.15]) and reduced the mortality rate (penehyclidine+atropine vs. atropine, 0.015 vs. 0.11, RR 0.17, 95% CI [0.06–0.49]; penehyclidine+atropine vs. penehyclidine, 0.13 vs. 0.08, RR 0.23, 95% CI [0.04–1.28]). Atropine combined with penehyclidine in OP patients also helped reduce the time to atropinization and AchE recovery, the rate of IMS and the rate of ADR. Compared with a single dose of atropine, a single dose of penehyclidine also significantly elevated the cure rate, reduced times to atropinization, AchE recovery, and rate of IMS. CONCLUSION Atropine combined with penehyclidine benefits OP patients by enhancing the cure rate, mortality rate, time to atropinization, AchE recovery, IMS rate, total ADR and duration of hospitalization. Penehyclidine combined with atropine is likely a better initial therapy for OP patients than atropine alone.