Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Trauma-nursing Education and Skill Support (TESS) program based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation model). The program was designed to enhance trauma nurses’ clinical competencies, including trauma-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability, through the integration of theoretical education and simulation-based practice. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was conducted. Participants included 108 trauma nurses from regional trauma centers, military trauma centers, and emergency care facilities, who were assigned to an experimental group (n=52) or a control group (n=56). The TESS program consisted of a 2-day, 14-hour blended-learning course that included eight lecture sessions and four simulation-based practice stations. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 6 months using validated instruments measuring trauma-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in trauma-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability compared with baseline (all p<.001). These improvements were sustained at 6 months, although trauma-related knowledge scores showed a slight decline compared with immediate posttest levels. Between-group analyses confirmed significant group-by-time interaction effects for all outcomes: trauma-related knowledge (η2=0.12, p<.001), self-efficacy (η2=0.09, p=.002), and problem-solving ability (η2=0.08, p=.003). Conclusion The TESS program effectively enhanced trauma nurses’ trauma-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability, with effects sustained for up to 6 months. Incorporating blended learning and simulation-based training into standardized trauma nursing education may strengthen clinical competencies and ultimately contribute to improved patient outcomes.

Purpose: To develop the 2025 update to the Korean colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines by systematically evaluating recent evidence, integrating domestic data, and addressing changes since the 2015 guideline revision, thereby providing an evidence-based standard for clinicians and policymakers. Methods: A multidisciplinary committee developed the guidelines using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The process included formulation of three key questions addressing screening efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and optimal screening age and interval. A systematic review of international guidelines and primary literature was conducted, yielding 327 eligible studies. In addition, a utility-based analysis using a Markov model was performed to determine optimal screening ages and intervals. Results: The evidence synthesis identified high-certainty evidence supporting the use of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for reducing CRC mortality and moderate-certainty evidence for colonoscopy. Evidence for computed tomographic colonography (CTC) and stool DNA testing was rated as very low certainty. Based on the evidence review and cost-utility analysis, the committee conditionally recommends CRC screening for asymptomatic, average-risk adults aged 45–74 years using either colonoscopy every 10 years or FIT every 1–2 years. CTC and stool DNA testing were not recommended owing to insufficient evidence. Conclusion The 2025 Korean Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening present updated, evidence-based recommendations tailored to the domestic healthcare context. By conditionally endorsing both colonoscopy and FIT for individuals aged 45–74 years, these guidelines aim to improve population-level screening effectiveness and reduce the burden of CRC in South Korea.

Background and Objectives: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF) vary by phenotype. We assessed phenotype-specific features, treatment patterns, and outcomes in a nationwide Korean cohort. Methods: The Korean Heart Failure III registry prospectively enrolled 7,351 AHF admissions at 47 hospitals. Among 6,777 patients with available left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), phenotypes were defined as heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF, ≤40%), mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF,41–49%), or preserved EF (HFpEF, ≥50%). The primary endpoint was a 12-month composite of all-cause death or heart transplantation, evaluated from index admission and, among hospital survivors, from discharge. We used inverse probability weighting (multinomial generalized boosted models with stabilized, trimmed weights) and weighted Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Phenotype distribution was 58.9% HFrEF, 13.6% HFmrEF, and 27.5% HFpEF. Crude 12-month composite rates from index admission were 13.4% (HFrEF), 12.7% (HFmrEF), and 16.8% (HFpEF). After weighting, from index admission, HFmrEF (HR, 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.731–1.088) and HFpEF (HR, 1.101; 95% CI, 0.939–1.291) did not differ from HFrEF; from discharge, HFpEF had modestly higher risk (HR, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.008–1.445) whereas HFmrEF did not (HR, 1.039; 95% CI, 0.844–1.279). Hyponatremia and chronic kidney disease were consistent adverse markers, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin II receptor blocker use at discharge was protective. Conclusions Across the EF spectrum, phenotypes showed distinct profiles and risk. Postdischarge risk was modestly higher in HFpEF, supporting phenotype-tailored care and systematic discharge optimization in Korean patients with AHF.

Hematuria is a relatively common condition among school-aged children. Because international guidelines for asymptomatic hematuria in children are unavailable, developing practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria based on scientific evidence while considering real-world practice settings, values, and patient and physician preferences is essential. The Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology developed clinical guidelines to address key questions regarding the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria in children.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Hematuria is a relatively common condition among school-aged children. Because international guidelines for asymptomatic hematuria in children are unavailable, developing practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria based on scientific evidence while considering real-world practice settings, values, and patient and physician preferences is essential. The Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology developed clinical guidelines to address key questions regarding the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria in children.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Hematuria is a relatively common condition among school-aged children. Because international guidelines for asymptomatic hematuria in children are unavailable, developing practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria based on scientific evidence while considering real-world practice settings, values, and patient and physician preferences is essential. The Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology developed clinical guidelines to address key questions regarding the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic hematuria in children.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.