Rectal cancer, which accounts for approximately 40% of colorectal cancers, remains a major clinical concern. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment have steadily improved rectal cancer outcomes. Considering this, the Korean Rectal Cancer Multidisciplinary (KRCM) Committee has aimed to provide clinicians and policymakers with up-to-date, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support optimal decision-making, reflecting current evidence, the Korean healthcare context, and patient values and preferences. The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rectal Cancer version 2.0 were developed through multidisciplinary collaboration with related academic societies, building upon and updating the KRCM Clinical Practice Guidelines version 1.0 (titled “Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of rectal cancer”). These consensus guidelines of the KRCM were established based on a comprehensive literature review, evidence synthesis, with recommendation development guided by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and consideration of applicability in real-world clinical practice under the national health insurance system. Each recommendation has been presented with its strength and level of evidence.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.

Influenza vaccine-associated anaphylaxis is a very rare allergic reaction to vaccines, but the most concerning and life-threatening adverse reaction. Although the safety of influenza vaccines has been well documented, occasional cases of anaphylaxis in vaccinated patients have been reported. In this study, we analyzed the immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to whole influenza vaccines in a pediatric case of delayed-onset anaphylaxis after influenza vaccination. The patient showed elevated specific IgE levels against whole influenza vaccines, especially with split virion from egg-based manufacturing process. Specific IgE levels to influenza vaccines showed decreased over. We evaluated a causal relationship between influenza vaccine and anaphylaxis event by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Delayed-onset anaphylaxis after influenza vaccination can occur in children without predisposing allergic diseases. In addition, the results suggested that formulation and production system of influenza vaccines could affect the probability of severe allergic reaction to vaccines.
Anaphylaxis ; Child ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Virion

Dogs have long shared close relationships with many humans. Due to the large number of dogs in human populations, they are often involved in crimes. Occasionally, canine biological evidence such as saliva, bloodstains and hairs can be found at crime scenes. Accordingly, canine DNA can be used as forensic evidence. The use of short tandem repeat (STR) loci from biological evidence is valuable for forensic investigations. In Korea, canine STR profiling-related crimes are being successfully analyzed, leading to diverse crimes such as animal cruelty, dog-attacks, murder, robbery, and missing and abandoned dogs being solved. However, the probability of random DNA profile matches cannot be analyzed because of a lack of canine STR data. Therefore, in this study, 10 STR loci were analyzed in 600 dogs in Korea (344 dogs belonging to 30 different purebreds and 256 crossbred dogs) to estimate canine forensic genetic parameters. Among purebred dogs, a separate statistical analysis was conducted for five major subgroups, 97 Maltese, 47 Poodles, 31 Shih Tzus, 32 Yorkshire Terriers, and 25 Pomeranians. Allele frequencies, expected (Hexp) and observed heterozygosity (Hobs), fixation index (F), probability of identity (P(ID)), probability of sibling identity (P(ID)(sib)) and probability of exclusion (PE) were then calculated. The Hexp values ranged from 0.901 (PEZ12) to 0.634 (FHC2079), while the P(ID)(sib) values were between 0.481 (FHC2079) and 0.304 (PEZ12) and the P(ID)(sib) was about 3.35 × 10⁻⁵ for the combination of all 10 loci. The results presented herein will strengthen the value of canine DNA to solving dog-related crimes.
Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Crime ; DNA ; Dogs* ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Hair ; Homicide ; Humans ; Korea* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Saliva ; Siblings

The usefulness of DNA databases is well known. In Korea, many cases have been solved since the establishment of DNA databases in 2010. DNA profiles obtained from criminal evidence are analyzed and are kept in databases, and matching profile is searched. On the matching occasion, DNA databases can provide some investigative information. Close family members, for example father, son or brother, share more alleles than unrelated people. This genetic closeness can be searched using the so called familial searching, and many successful cases have been reported. Management of DNA databases including familial searching needs continuous monitoring and control, especially from ethical view points. Many different views for familial searching have been presented, and each country running DNA databases has their own different policies. We present the utility, approaches and different policies of familial searching as well as arguments for and against familial searching. We also suggest that our appropriate guidelines be mandatory and a proper administrative process be prepared for the start of familial searching.
Alleles ; Criminals ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; DNA ; Fathers ; Humans ; Korea ; Running ; Siblings

Specimens from sexual crimes are generally mixed stains consisted of sperm cells(from suspect) and virginal cells(from victim). We have combined two new methods - Differex(TM) system and FTA(R) technology- to overcome shortcomings of method that has been used before to separate sperm DNA from mixed stains. This methods have shown additional benefits and similar quality than using the only Differex(TM) system to the experiment. The result of our experiment represents the possibility that Differex(TM) system and FTA(R) technology would be useful methods for DNA analysis related to sexual crimes because this system can save time, labor and contamination for experiments.
Coloring Agents* ; Crime ; DNA* ; Spermatozoa*

The Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) systems including DYS391, DYS389I/II, DYS439, DYS438, DYS437, DYS19, DYS392, DYS393, DYS390 and DYS385 (PowerPlex Y System, Promega) were investigated in 569 Korean males (the Central region). A total of 473 haplotypes were observed in the 569 individuals studied, of which 426 (90.06%) were unique. The overall haplotype diversity for the 12 Y-STR loci was 0.9985, and the discrimination capacity was 0.8313. The gene diversity varied from 0.2586 at DYS391 to 0.9558 at DYS385. We scrutinized for the presence of non-standard (intermediate and duplicated) alleles among Y chromosome STR haplotypes. Three mutations were identified in three short tandem repeat (STR) loci DYS439, DYS19 and DYS385. In DYS439, we found a new mutant allele that added an A at upstream of the first GATA motif of the repeat region. The allele was designated 11.1 according to the sequence structure. We also detected a duplicate allele in DYS19 and a triplicate allele at DYS385 locus.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Haplotypes* ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Y Chromosome

Since localized amyloid deposits of the ureter were first described by Lehmann in 1937, approximately 90 cases have been reported. Isolated primary amyloidosis of the ureter is a rare disease, and its diagnosis cannot be made by radiologic findings. Because of radiographic similarity to transitional cell carcinoma, these lesions are often clinically mistaken for malignancies, and nephroureterectomy is usually performed. Here, we report a case of localized ureteral amyloidosis with osseous metaplasia, which was managed successfully by renal sparing segmental resection with the bladder Boari flap.
Amyloidosis* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Diagnosis ; Metaplasia* ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Rare Diseases ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder

A lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a tumor with morphological features identical to an undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma that occurs outside the nasopharynx. This kind of tumor has been found in the salivary gland, stomach, lung, thymus, bladder, prostate, vagina and skin, but is particularly rare in the urinary tract. We report a case of a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, which are usually found simultaneously in the kidneys and ureter. This is the first case of multiorgan involvement of this tumor.
Kidney* ; Lung ; Nasopharynx ; Prostate ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Stomach ; Thymus Gland ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Vagina

Collaborative work using same samples for the parentage testing, which was intended to see the status and the quality of several DNA typing laboratories in Korea, was described. Samples were consisted of two sets, one was a trio case and the other was a deficient case with two children. Samples were sent to six laboratories, among which five submitted the result. Each laboratory had used different number and set of STR loci using 14 - 23 loci, and total 33 different loci were used. Only one VNTR locus, D1S80 was included and all the remaining were STR loci. The loci included in the commercial kits were used more frequently. One laboratory had used Korean-made commercial kits. All the laboratories gave the same results about the parentage, although results for one locus were not the same through different laboratories. There existed minor difference in the PI calculation, especially in the statistical parameters such as allelic frequences, which might gave confusion to users of the results who were not familiar with the test. Necessity about the standardization and profiling data were discussed.
Academies and Institutes* ; Child ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Humans ; Korea* ; Minisatellite Repeats