As the need for a nationwide organ-transplant registry emerged, a prospective registry, the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY), was initiated in 2014. Here, we present baseline characteristics and outcomes of the kidney-transplant cohort for 2014 through 2019. Methods: The KOTRY consists of five organ-transplant cohorts (kidney, liver, lung, heart, and pancreas). Data and samples were prospectively collected from transplant recipients and donors at baseline and follow-up visits; and epidemiological trends, allograft outcomes, and patient outcomes, such as posttransplant complications, comorbidities, and mortality, were analyzed. Results: From 2014 to 2019, there were a total of 6,129 registered kidney transplants (64.8% with living donors and 35.2% with deceased donors) with a mean recipient age of 49.4 ± 11.5 years, and 59.7% were male. ABO-incompatible transplants totaled 17.4% of all transplants, and 15.0% of transplants were preemptive. The overall 1- and 5-year patient survival rates were 98.4% and 95.8%, respectively, and the 1- and 5-year graft survival rates were 97.1% and 90.5%, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 3.8 years, biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes occurred in 17.0% of cases. The mean age of donors was 47.3 ± 12.9 years, and 52.6% were male. Among living donors, the largest category of donors was spouses, while, among deceased donors, 31.2% were expanded-criteria donors. The mean serum creatinine concentrations of living donors were 0.78 ± 0.62 mg/dL and 1.09 ± 0.24 mg/dL at baseline and 1 year after kidney transplantation, respectively. Conclusion: The KOTRY, a systematic Korean transplant cohort, can serve as a valuable epidemiological database of Korean kidney transplants.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to cigarette smoking (CS) is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancer. CS is known to cause oxidative DNA damage and mutation of tumor-related genes, and these factors are involved in carcinogenesis. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is considered to be a reliable biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. Increased levels of 8-OHdG are associated with a number of pathological conditions, including cancer. There are no reports on the expression of 8-OHdG by immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We investigated the expression of 8-OHdG and p53 in 203 NSCLC tissues using immunohistochemistry and correlated it with clinicopathological features including smoking. RESULTS: The expression of 8-OHdG was observed in 83.3% of NSCLC. It was significantly correlated with a low T category, negative lymph node status, never-smoker, and longer overall survival (p < .05) by univariate analysis. But multivariate analysis revealed that 8-OHdG was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant expression of p53 significantly correlated with smoking, male, squamous cell carcinoma, and Ki-67 positivity (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of 8-OHdG was associated with good prognostic factors. It was positively correlated with never-smokers in NSCLC, suggesting that oxidative damage of DNA cannot be explained by smoking alone and may depend on complex control mechanisms.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

The mission of psychiatric practice is rangesing from alleviating the distress and impairment caused by psychiatric disorders to promoting a state of well-being in order to cope with the normal stresses of life and for to improvement of social functioning. Various factors, including social changes in general and the change of Psychiatry is are grounded in clinical neuroscience and public health. The authors are to review the determinants of changes in clinical practice of psychiatry and to review plausible areas of new clinical practice in psychiatryic both from both a clinical neuroscience and a public health perspective.
Humans ; Missions and Missionaries ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Social Change

In this paper, the ACKNOWLEDGMENT was given incorrectly.

A sesamoid bone can occasionally be found under the interphalangeal joint of the hallux. These had anatomical variants and usually remain asymptomatic, it is uncommon for symptomatic cases of painful plantar keratoses or irreducible dislocation of interphalangeal joint of the hallux with incarcerated sesamoid. While the latter has a few cases, the former has not reported in Korea. We experienced a rare case of intractable plantar keratoses due to interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux which may reqire excision.
Dislocations ; Hallux ; Joints ; Keratosis ; Korea ; Sesamoid Bones

BACKGROUND: To investigate the changes of cross sectional area (CSA) in paraspinal muscles upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. METHODS: We reviewed 81 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, who had underwent MRI examination. The patients were divided into 51 patients who had osteoporotic spinal compression fractures (group I), and 30 patients who without fractures (group II). Group I were subdivided into IA and IB, based on whether they were younger (IA) of older (IB) than 70 years of age. We additionally measured body mass index and BMD. The CSA of multifidus, erector spinae, paraspinal muscles, psoas major (PT), and intervertebral (IV) discs were measured. The degree of fatty atrophy was estimated using three grades. RESULTS: The BMD and T-score of group I were significantly lower than those of group II. The CSA of erector spinae, paraspinal muscles, and PT in the group I was significantly smaller than that of group II. The CSA of paraspinal muscles in group IB were significantly smaller than those of group IA. The CSA of erector spinae, mutifidus, and PT in group IB were smaller than those of group IA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Group 1 exhibited greater fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscle than group II. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fracture is associated with profound changes of the lumbar paraspinal muscle, reduction of CSA, increased CSA of IV disc, and increased intramuscular fat infiltration.
Atrophy ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Female ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Magnetics* ; Magnets* ; Muscles* ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Psoas Muscles

The National Evidence-based Collaborating Agency (NECA) holds the NECA Round-table Conference that not only disseminates objective and systematic information on topics of social concern in public health care but also organizes discussions on core issues under dispute in the literature through panels composed of multidisciplinary experts. Accordingly, the Round-table Conference was composed of multidisciplinary experts including medical specialists in the areas of psychiatry and preventive medicine, psychiatric and mental health nursing, psychologists, social welfare experts, consultation experts, religious leaders, and government officials from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, and Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Round-table Conference, tasked with analysis of the actual status and causes of, and search for solutions for suicide in adolescents, has reached consensus on the current status, trend, risk factors and prevention factors, problems and issues in prevention and coping strategies, effective prevention and coping strategies and areas of research needed for the future. The Round-table Conference commented on the actual status and gravity of suicides in adolescents, and came to the agreement that mental health issues including stress from interpersonal relationships and depression are the key risk factors of suicide. It was further agreed that problems in the measures being implemented for each of the areas include lack of manpower and funding, and inadequate organic association and cooperation among relevant institutions. They also agreed that development of a government-initiated suicide prevention program for adolescents, association among relevant experts, and development, and management of practical guidelines that are of broad and practical use are important. Furthermore, the panels were in agreement that the mass media must comply with the recommended level of coverage in reporting of suicide as adolescents are greatly influenced by provocative mass media reports due to their strong impulsive dispositions.
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Adolescent ; Cause of Death ; Consensus ; Depression ; Dissent and Disputes ; Financial Management ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Mental Health ; Occupational Groups ; Porphyrins ; Preventive Medicine ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Social Welfare ; Specialization ; Suicide

We report here on a case of persistent proatlantal artery type I with the absence of the right vertebral artery's first, second and third segments. This rare anomaly was accidentally encountered when performing angiography in a patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the left anterior choroidal artery and an unruptured aneurysm of the right anterior choroidal artery. Both aneurysms were clipped via craniotomy. The angiography showed that the right proatlantal artery type I arose from the right internal carotid artery at the C2 level. The proatlantal artery joined the horizontal portion of the right vertebral artery. The absence of the right vertebral artery's first, second and third segments and a hypoplastic left vertebral artery were demonstrated. The anomalous artery was thought to have been unrelated to rupture of the aneurysm. We also reviewed the previous Korean reports about a persistent proatlantal artery, and we discuss the potential clinical implications of this anomalous vessel.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Choroid ; Craniotomy ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Rupture ; Vertebral Artery

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis causes secondary hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia is clinically troublesome. Splenectomy (SPL) was thought to be the curative management for correcting thrombocytopenia. However, decompensated liver function prevents any surgical approach due to high morbidity and mortality. Hence, partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been introduced, which is a less invasive procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term therapeutic effects of PSE and to compare them with those of SPL. METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively in patients who underwent PSE or SPL from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2003. The patients either had symptoms of bleeding or they needed to correct their thrombocytopenia for further treatment of associated diseases. The therapeutic effects were evaluated, and the complications were assessed. RESULTS: Forty and 35 patients were enrolled in the PSE and SPL groups, respectively. WBC, platelet and hemoglobin counts were all significantly increased at the 2 year follow-up in both groups. Child-Pugh score significantly decreased in the PSE group from 6.5 before treatment to 5.5 after treatment (p=0.004). Minor complications were easily controlled with supportive care, and major complications very rarely occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PSE and SPL both proved to be effective measures with few serious complications for treating pancytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Considering the improved liver function (the prothrombin time) and the Child-Pugh score after PSE, it may be more reasonable to initially recommend PSE for the patients with liver cirrhosis and secondary hypersplenism.
Blood Platelets ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypersplenism* ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Mortality ; Pancytopenia ; Prothrombin ; Retrospective Studies ; Splenectomy ; Thrombocytopenia

OBJECTIVE: We examined the incidence of fenestration in the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA) and reviewed its clinical significance. METHODS: Cerebral angiography was performed in 843 patients and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) in 1,787; all patients had, or were suspected to have, cerebrovascular disease. We subsequently reviewed the angiography and MRA data. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (six men and eight women, 35~81 years of age, median age = 67 years) had proximal ACA fenestrations. Three of the 843 patients (0.36%) undergoing cerebral angiography had fenestrations of proximal ACA as did eleven of the 1,787 MRA patients (0.62%). Seven fenestrations were located on the right side and seven fenestrations were located on the left side. The fenestrated ACA in one patient was associated with a saccular aneurysm at its proximal end. None of the 120 patients who underwent both conventional cerebral angiography and cranial MRA showed fenestration of proximal ACA. CONCLUSION: Although fenestration of ACA has little clinical significance, knowledge and recognition of this condition is important in the interpretation of cerebral images, especially during neurosurgical procedures.
Aneurysm ; Angiography* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography* ; Male ; Neurosurgical Procedures