Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance and treatment effects of both rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM_ OSA) and non-stage specific OSA (NS_OSA) patients prescribed with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.Subjects and Method Medical records of 223 patients diagnosed with OSA from July 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Six-month PAP compliance, symptoms questionnaires were compared for 60 patients in the REM_OSA group and 163 in the NS_OSA group. Results: For patients in mild NS_OSA, mild REM_OSA, moderate NS_OSA, moderate REM_ OSA, severe NS_OSA, and severe REM_OSA groups, the compliance of six-month PAP was 50.0%, 33.3% (p=0.467), 69.6%, 58.3% (p>0.999), 70.7%, and 0% (p=0.023), respectively. In the NS_OSA group, PAP led to significant daytime sleepiness score improvement (7.3±3.4 to 5.7±3.6, p=0.022). In contrast, the scores for the REM_OSA group changed insignificantly (8.4±4.7 to 6.8±2.9, p=0.332). Conclusion This study revealed that PAP therapy compliance of the REM_OSA group was not lower than that of the NS_OSA group, except for the severe subgroup. However, REM_OSA was found to be less effective in improving daytime sleepiness symptoms than NS_OSA after PAP therapy.

Background: Shift work, including night shift work, during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes such as small for gestational age (SGA) infants and preterm births. This study, conducted in South Korea using the Korean CHildren’s ENvironmental health Study (Ko-CHENS) cohort, aimed to investigate the association between shift work and night shift status during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: The Korean Ko-CHENS is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study of children’s environmental diseases, conducted by the Ministry of Environment and the National Institute of Environmental Research. This study included pregnant women recruited from 2015 to 2020 for Ko-CHENS Core Cohorts, and 4,944 out of a total of 5,213 pregnant women were selected as final subjects. A logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors affecting SGA births, preterm births, and low-birth-weight infants, and the odds ratio (OR) was adjusted.This was confirmed by calculating ORs. Maternal age, infant sex, maternal educational status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, parity, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and abortion history were used as adjusted variables. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the birth outcomes or maternal working patterns. There were no significant differences in the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of SGA and preterm births between the non-worker, day worker, and shift worker.However, there was a significant difference in the aORs of SGA between non-workers and night shift workers. (aORs [95% confidence interval], 2.643 [1.193–5.859]). Conclusion Working during pregnancy did not increase the risk of SGA or preterm birth, and night shift work did not increase the risk of preterm birth. However, night-shift work increases the risk of SGA.

Background: Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase1 (JAK1)-selective inhibitor, which showed a quick and significant effect on patients with atopic dermatitis in several phase 3 clinical studies. Although, an increasing number of studies have reported data on the real-world efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, no studies have yet been published in Korea. Objective: We assessed the real-world efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Korean patients. Methods: A total of 17 patients with atopic dermatitis who received 15 mg of oral upadacitinib everyday for 16 weeks, were included in this retrospective single-center study. Based on electronic medical records, the clinical characteristics, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score, and adverse events were investigated. Results: The mean EASI score was significantly reduced at 4 weeks of upadacitinib treatment (8.81±9.00) and gradually reduced at week 8 (5.70±7.38), week 12 (4.55±6.23), and week 16 (4.58±6.74) (p＜0.001). At week 16, 61.54%, 30.77%, and 15.38% of patients achieved EASI 75, EASI 90, and EASI 100 responses, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between EASI 75 and EASI 90 by age or gender at week 16 (p＞0.05). A total of 13 people (76.5%) had adverse events, of which acne was the most common. In all patients, the symptoms were mild and self-limited, and no patient discontinued treatment. Conclusion Upadacitinib was effective and safe for Korean patients with atopic dermatitis in real-world clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening combined with ultrasound (US) with those of digital mammography (DM) combined with US in women with dense breasts. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts who underwent breast cancer screening with DBT or DM and whole-breast US simultaneously between June 2016 and July 2019. Women who underwent DBT + US (DBT cohort) and DM + US (DM cohort) were matched using 1:2 ratio according to mammographic density, age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of breast cancer. The cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 screening examinations, abnormal interpretation rate (AIR), sensitivity, and specificity were compared. Results: A total of 863 women in the DBT cohort were matched with 1726 women in the DM cohort (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 40–78 years) and 26 breast cancers (9 in the DBT cohort and 17 in the DM cohort) were identified. The DBT and DM cohorts showed comparable CDR (10.4 [9 of 863; 95% confidence interval {CI}: 4.8–19.7] vs. 9.8 [17 of 1726;95% CI: 5.7–15.7] per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.889). DBT cohort showed a higher AIR than the DM cohort (31.6% [273 of 863; 95% CI: 28.5%–34.9%] vs. 22.4% [387 of 1726; 95% CI: 20.5%–24.5%]; P < 0.001). The sensitivity for both cohorts was 100%. In women with negative findings on DBT or DM, supplemental US yielded similar CDRs in both DBT and DM cohorts (4.0 vs. 3.3 per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.803) and higher AIR in the DBT cohort (24.8% [188 of 758; 95% CI: 21.8%–28.0%] vs. 16.9% [257 of 1516; 95% CI: 15.1%–18.9%; P < 0.001). Conclusion DBT screening combined with US showed comparable CDR but lower specificity than DM screening combined with US in women with dense breasts.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH), a key molecule of the antioxidant defense system in the blood, and glutathione reductase (GR), which reduces oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide [GSSG]) to GSH and maintains the redox balance, with the prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia and cognitive decline. Methods: In all, 20 participants with Alzheimer’s dementia who completed the third follow-up clinical evaluation over 6 years were selected, and 20 participants with normal cognition were selected after age and sex matching. The GSH and GR concentrations were the independent variables. Clinical diagnosis and neurocognitive test scores were the dependent variables indicating cognitive status. Results: The higher the level of GR, the greater the possibility of having normal cognition than of developing Alzheimer’s dementia. Additionally, the higher the level of GR, the higher the neurocognitive test scores. However, this association was not significant for GSH. After 6 years, the conversion rate from normal cognition to cognitive impairment was significantly higher in the lower 50th percentile of the GR group than in the upper 50th percentile. Conclusion The higher the GR, the lower the prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia and incidence of cognitive impairment and the higher the cognitive test scores. Therefore, GR is a potential protective biomarker against Alzheimer’s dementia and cognitive decline.

Background: Biologics-experienced patients are more likely to show a lower response to biologics than that of biologic-naïve patients. However, no consensus on switching biologics exists. Objective: We aimed to investigate the switching patterns and efficacy of the switched biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in actual clinical practice. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 37 patients with a history of switching biologics. We analyzed the reasons for switching, the switching patterns, and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) 75 response rates after switching biologics. We also analyzed the factors affecting the PASI75 response rate to the second biologic. Results: The reasons for switching baseline biologics were primary failure in five patients (13.5%), secondary failure in 28 patients (75.7%), and adverse events in four patients (10.8%). The second biologics prescribed mostly include interleukin (IL)-23 inhibitor in twenty-four patients (64.9%), IL-17 inhibitor in eight patients (21.6%), tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor in three patients (8.1%), and IL-12/23 inhibitor in two patients (5.4%). A total of 46% of patients (17/37) switched biologics from IL-12/23 inhibitors to IL-23 inhibitors. The PASI75 response rates at the primary endpoint of the second and third biologics were 89.2% and 88.8%, respectively. Our study found that female sex and obesity were associated with the primary failure of the second biologic. Conclusion Secondary failure was the most common reason for switching baseline biologics. Korean dermatologists prefer different classes of biologics while switching. The PASI75 response rates at the primary endpoints of the second and third biologics were relatively satisfactory.