OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the clinical profile and incidence of in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) under the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Philhealth) Z Benefit Package (PZBP).

A retrospective descriptive cohort study. A review of medical records was done from July 2017 to October 2023 to collect data and in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent CABG surgery under Z benefit package.

One hundred twenty-six patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 60 years and majority of them were male and came from NCR. Hypertension was the leading cause of comorbidity. The top two most common in-hospital outcomes were hospital-acquired pneumonia and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Most commonly observed caused of increased length in hospitalization was pneumonia. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) (operative mortality) and Euro scores were 1.04 ± 0.82 and 0.88 ± 0.56, respectively. All patients had successful surgical outcome with no mortality and an average length of stay in the hospital of six days.

This study will serve as a future reference to enhance screening criteria and improved in-hospital outcomes for those who will undergo CABG under Z benefit package. The study also showed insights on clinical profile and in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent CABG in our own institution and this may give way to a larger scale of study involving multiple centers who also offer the said program.

This study investigated a novel coronary knobby scoring balloon through finite element analysis (FEA) and in vitro anti-slippage testing, evaluating its dilation process under various vascular conditions and comparing it with other balloons. The FEA results indicated that in the cases of healthy artery and diseased artery with different stenosis rates, the stress on the vessels caused by the knobby scoring balloon was significantly smaller than that of the scoring balloon, and was close to that of the plain balloon. In vitro anti-slippage testing showed that the slippage distance of a plain balloon was 0.11±0.06 mm, and there was no slippage for knobby scoring balloon under nominal pressure. Knobby scoring balloon can effectively expand calcified lesion while providing anti-slippage function, and has a lower risk of vascular injury.
Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation* ; Equipment Design ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Coronary Vessels

OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative and mid-term results of multiple versus single arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) in patients with impaired left ventricular function. METHODS: This study was conducted among 86 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, who underwent OPCABG at our hospital between January, 2018 and December, 2021. Of these patients, 22 underwent OPCABG with multiple arterial grafts (multiple graft group) and 64 received a single arterial graft in OPCABG (single graft group). The preoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative data were collected, and the patients were followed up for a mean of 29.28±14.84 months. The perioperative outcomes and follow-up results of the patients were compared, and the factors influencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were identified using logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the postoperative survival rate without MACE. RESULTS: The patients in multiple graft group had a significantly younger age than those in single graft group (P<0.05), but the other baseline data were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Perioperative mortality, 24-h postoperative drainage volume, length of ICU stay, intubation time, and the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation were all similar between the two groups (P>0.05), but the rate of postoperative hypotension was significantly higher in multiple graft group (34.78% vs 11.54%, P=0.009). No significant differences were found in the incidence of MACE or echocardiographic data during the follow-up. Logistic regression identified the female sex (OR: 0.191, 95% CI: 0.049-0.075) and creatinine level (OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 1.000-1.033) as factors affecting postoperative MACE occurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in MACE-free survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS OPCABG with multiple arterial grafts does not increase severe perioperative complications or the risk of mid-term MACE in patients with impaired left ventricular function.
Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology* ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Stroke Volume

Objective: To describe the treatment outcomes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with vein patch angioplasty with internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting of the diffusely diseased left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 26 patients who have undergone vein patch angioplasty of the LAD coronary artery with IMA grafting in three centers by a single surgeon from January 2012 to August 2017. The demographic profile, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcome (including in-hospital mortality and morbidity, perioperative myocardial infarction, and NYHA functional classification) were recorded. Continuous variables were expressed as means with standard deviation and categorical variables summarized as frequencies and percentages. Student’s t-test was used to compare the preoperative versus postoperative mean NYHA functional class. Results: There were 22 (85%) males and 4 (15%) females with a mean age of 62 years (range: 34 to 82). Twentyfive patients (96%) had a three-vessel disease, and one (4%) had a two-vessel disease. Nine patients (35%) had a preoperative myocardial infarction. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic-cross clamp times were 156 and 118 minutes, respectively. The mean number of vessels grafted was 4.12. Multiple arterial grafting was used in seven patients (27%). There were two in-hospital mortalities (7.7%) and three morbidities (11.5%), including reoperation for bleeding, acute kidney injury, and leg wound infection. Six patients (23%) developed postoperative atrial fibrillation. No patient developed perioperative myocardial infarction. The mean ICU stay was three days, and the mean hospital stay was 10.27 days. The mean NYHA functional class improved from 2.85 preoperatively to 1.5 postoperatively (p<0.00001). Among patients with improvement, postoperative NYHA improved by two functional classes in 38% and by one functional class in 62%. Conclusion Vein patch angioplasty is a valuable technique for diffuse coronary stenosis of the LAD artery with acceptable early results.
Coronary Artery Bypass

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the proportion of hibernating myocardium (HM) in total perfusion defect (TPD) on reverse left ventricle remodeling (RR) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by ^99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) combined with ¹⁸F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) gated myocardial imaging positron emission computed tomography (PET). Methods: Inpatients diagnosed with HFrEF at the Cardiac Surgery Center, Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2022 were prospectively recruited. MPI combined with ¹⁸F-FDG gated PET was performed before surgery for viability assessment and the patients received follow-up MPI and ¹⁸F-FDG gated PET at different stages (3-12 months) after surgery. Δ indicated changes (post-pre). Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) reduced at least 10% was defined as RR, patients were divided into reverse remodeling (RR+) group and the non-reverse group (RR-). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of RR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the cut-off value for predicting RR. Additionally, we retrospectively enrolled inpatients with HFrEF at the Cardiac Surgery Center, Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 as the validation group, who underwent MPI and ¹⁸F-FDG gated PET before surgery. Echocardiography was performed before CABG and after CABG (3-12 months). In the validation group, the reliability of obtaining the cut-off value for the ROC curve was verified. Results: A total of 28 patients with HFrEF (26 males; age (56.9±8.7) years) were included in the prospective cohort. HM/TPD was significantly higher in the RR+ group than in the RR- group ((51.8%±17.9%) vs. (35.7%±13.9%), P=0.016). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that HM/TPD was an independent predictor of RR (Odds ratio=1.073, 95% Confidence interval: 1.005-1.145, P=0.035). ROC curve analysis revealed that HM/TPD=38.3% yielded the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all 75%) for predicting RR and the AUC was 0.786 (P=0.011). Meanwhile, a total of 100 patients with HFrEF (90 males; age (59.7±9.6) years) were included in the validation group. In the validation group, HM/TPD=38.3% predicted RR in HFrEF patients after CABG with the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (82%, 60% and 73% respectively). Compared with the HFrEF patients in the HM/TPD<38.3% group (n=36), RR and cardiac function improved more significantly in the HM/TPD≥38.3% group (n=64) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative HM/TPD ratio is an independent factor for predicting RR in patients with HFrEF after CABG, and HM/TPD≥38.3% can accurately predict RR and the improvement of cardiac function after CABG.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Stroke Volume ; Heart Failure ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Retrospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Prospective Studies ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Perfusion ; Myocardium

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm², and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use* ; Saphenous Vein/transplantation* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Atherectomy, Coronary/methods* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Coronary Angiography ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Infant ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/surgery* ; Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects* ; Coronary Aneurysm/surgery* ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery*

Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Arteries

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of jailed balloon technique on side branch (SB) ostium using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography(OCT). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Consecutive coronary disease patients with coronary artery bifurcation lesions who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and completed pre-and post-procedural OCT examinations at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the jailed balloon technique group and the unprotected group according to the options applied for the SB. The SB ostium area difference was calculated from OCT images (SB ostium area difference=post-PCI SB ostium area-pre-PCI SB ostium area). The SB ostium area differences were compared between the two groups and compared further in the subgroup of true bifurcation lesions and non-true bifurcation lesions. In the jailed balloon group, the SB ostium area difference was compared between the active jailed balloon technique and the conventional jailed balloon technique, between the jailed balloon>2.0 mm diameter and the jailed balloon≤2.0 mm diameter, and between the higher balloon pressure (>4 atm, 1 atm=101.325 kPa) and the lower balloon pressure (≤4 atm). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between the technical parameters of the jailed balloon technique and the SB protection effect. Results: A total of 176 patients with 236 bifurcation lesions were enrolled, aged (60.7±9.3) years, and there were 128 male patients (72.7%). There were 67 patients in the jailed balloon technique group with 71 bifurcation lesions and 123 patients in the unprotected group with 165 bifurcation lesions. Fourteen patients had 2 to 3 lesions, which were treated in different ways, so they appeared in the unprotected group and the jailed balloon technique group at the same time. The area difference in SB ostium was greater in the jailed balloon group than in the unprotected group (0.07 (-0.43, 1.05)mm² vs.-0.33 (-0.83, 0.26)mm², P<0.001), and the results were consistent in the true bifurcation lesion subgroup (0.29 (-0.35, 0.96)mm² vs.-0.26 (-0.64, 0.29)mm², P=0.004), while the difference between the two groups in the non-true bifurcation lesion subgroup was not statistically significant (P=0.136). In the jailed balloon technique group, the SB ostium area difference was greater in patients treated with the active jailed balloon technique than in those treated with the conventional jailed balloon technique ((0.43±1.36)mm² vs. (-0.22±0.52)mm², P=0.013). The difference in SB ostium area was greater in those using>2.0 mm diameter jailed balloons than in those using≤2.0 mm diameter jailed balloons (0.25 (-0.51, 1.31) mm² vs.-0.01 (-0.45, 0.63) mm², P=0.020), while SB ostium area difference was similar between those endowed with higher balloon pressure (>4 atm) compared to those with lower balloon pressure (≤4 atm) (P=0.731). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between jailed balloon diameter and SB ostium area difference (r=0.344, P=0.019). Conclusions: The jailed balloon technique significantly protects SB ostium, especially in patients with true bifurcation lesions. The active jailed balloon technique and larger diameter balloons may provide more protection to the SB.
Humans ; Male ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Stents ; Coronary Artery Disease/therapy* ; Coronary Vessels/pathology* ; Coronary Angiography

This retrospective single-center registry study included all consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a de novo left main coronary artery lesion using drug coated-balloon (DCB)-only strategy between August 2011 and December 2018. To best of our knowledge, no previous studies of DCB-only strategy of treating de novo left main coronary artery disease, exist. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). The cohort was divided into two groups depending on weather the lesion preparation was done according to the international consensus group guidelines. Sixty-six patients (mean age 75±8.6, 72% male), 52% of whom had acute coronary syndrome, underwent left main PCI with the DCB-only strategy. No procedural mortality and no acute closures of the treated left main occurred. At 12 months, MACE and TLR occurred in 24% and 6% of the whole cohort, respectively. If the lesion preparation was done according to the guidelines, the MACE and TLR rates were 21.2% and 1.9%. Left main PCI with the DCB only-strategy is safe leading to acceptable MACE and low TLR rates at one year, if the lesion preparation is done according to the guidelines.
Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/therapy* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome