Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is characterized by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis that continues to be associated with signifi cant morbidities and mortality. Worldwide, the incidence has declined due to improved obstetric and perinatal care. The pathophysiological mechanism of MAS include perinatal hypoxia, acute airway obstruction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, surfactant inactivation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Respiratory and hemodynamic supports are main therapies for MAS. Early identification and appropriate management of PPHN is important as it associates with significant mortality and morbidities. This review suggests a comprehensive overview of the epide miology, diagnosis, management, prognosis and prevention of MAS.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is characterized by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis that continues to be associated with signifi cant morbidities and mortality. Worldwide, the incidence has declined due to improved obstetric and perinatal care. The pathophysiological mechanism of MAS include perinatal hypoxia, acute airway obstruction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, surfactant inactivation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Respiratory and hemodynamic supports are main therapies for MAS. Early identification and appropriate management of PPHN is important as it associates with significant mortality and morbidities. This review suggests a comprehensive overview of the epide miology, diagnosis, management, prognosis and prevention of MAS.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is characterized by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis that continues to be associated with signifi cant morbidities and mortality. Worldwide, the incidence has declined due to improved obstetric and perinatal care. The pathophysiological mechanism of MAS include perinatal hypoxia, acute airway obstruction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, surfactant inactivation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Respiratory and hemodynamic supports are main therapies for MAS. Early identification and appropriate management of PPHN is important as it associates with significant mortality and morbidities. This review suggests a comprehensive overview of the epide miology, diagnosis, management, prognosis and prevention of MAS.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is characterized by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis that continues to be associated with signifi cant morbidities and mortality. Worldwide, the incidence has declined due to improved obstetric and perinatal care. The pathophysiological mechanism of MAS include perinatal hypoxia, acute airway obstruction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, surfactant inactivation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Respiratory and hemodynamic supports are main therapies for MAS. Early identification and appropriate management of PPHN is important as it associates with significant mortality and morbidities. This review suggests a comprehensive overview of the epide miology, diagnosis, management, prognosis and prevention of MAS.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained. MAS is characterized by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis that continues to be associated with signifi cant morbidities and mortality. Worldwide, the incidence has declined due to improved obstetric and perinatal care. The pathophysiological mechanism of MAS include perinatal hypoxia, acute airway obstruction, pulmonary and systemic inflammation, surfactant inactivation and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Respiratory and hemodynamic supports are main therapies for MAS. Early identification and appropriate management of PPHN is important as it associates with significant mortality and morbidities. This review suggests a comprehensive overview of the epide miology, diagnosis, management, prognosis and prevention of MAS.

Food allergy is a rare form of feeding intolerance in preterm infants, with symptoms similar to necrotizing enterocolitis. We report a case of clinically diagnosed cow’s milk-induced eosinophilic enterocolitis in an infant with extremely low birth weight. The patient was born at 24 weeks and 1 day gestation, weighing 610 g, had repeated episodes of gastrointestinal symptoms after feeding, and was placed on nil per os. On day 67, the eosinophil count increased suddenly (7,852.8/mL), and the formula was changed to amino acid-based (Neocate). Gradually, the eosinophil count returned to normal. Ileostomy was performed and full enteral feeding was achieved with Neocate. Intraoperatively, the intestine was nonnecrotic and viable; the biopsy report showed massive mucosal eosinophilic infiltration. The patient was diagnosed with cow’s milk-induced eosinophilic enterocolitis.

Ectopic pancreas is defined as an abnormally located pancreatic tissue not sufficiently connected with the normal pancreas, which rarely occurs in neonates. To our knowledge, only a few cases of ectopic pancreas have been reported in newborns in South Korea. We report a case of ectopic pancreas as the cause of intussusception and jejunal atresia in a newborn. This clinical association is extremely rare, and this is the first report in South Korea.

Ectopic pancreas is defined as an abnormally located pancreatic tissue not sufficiently connected with the normal pancreas, which rarely occurs in neonates. To our knowledge, only a few cases of ectopic pancreas have been reported in newborns in South Korea. We report a case of ectopic pancreas as the cause of intussusception and jejunal atresia in a newborn. This clinical association is extremely rare, and this is the first report in South Korea.

PURPOSE: Meconium aspiration is assumed to be a risk factor for bacterial infection, and patients with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) are commonly treated with empiric antibiotics in clinical settings. However, little is known about the effectiveness of the empirical antibiotics treatment. Here, we compared the short-term clinical outcomes associated with empirical antibiotics treatment in non-ventilated cases of MAS. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on infants admitted with non-ventilated cases of MAS from March 2008 to September 2016. The infants enrolled in the study were divided into two groups based on the antibiotics treatment, and their clinical outcomes were compared. The incidence of sepsis during the hospitalization period and the incidence of delayed sepsis up to 3 months were evaluated. The effects of empirical antibiotic use on respiratory symptoms were evaluated, and the complications were compared. RESULTS: A total of 109 infants were evaluated, of which 61 (56.0%) received antibiotics and 48 (44.0%) did not receive antibiotics. No differences in clinical characteristics were noted between the two groups. However, the empirical antibiotics group showed a significantly higher mean of respiratory rates, C-reactive protein levels, and positive rates, as well as a significantly longer hospitalization period. In clinical outcomes, there were no differences in sepsis rates or respiratory support duration. Furthermore, there were no differences in complications. CONCLUSION: The empirical use of antibiotics did not affect the clinical outcomes in cases of non-ventilated MAS. The role of empirical antibiotics in these infants may need to be reevaluated.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; C-Reactive Protein ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Meconium ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis