The occupational health issues of shift workers has received increasing attention in the field of occupational health, and discussed in this article through literature review on the health risks and management of shift work both domestically and internationally. Based on this, a series of impacts of shift work on the physiological and psychological health of workers, as well as their family and social life, are revealed. Combined with relatively mature regulations and policies in foreign countries, it is proposed that China should fully learn from the relevant experience of health management in shift work abroad, Strengthen research and explore effective management intervention measures to provide ideas for accelerating the development of scientifically feasible regulations and policies related to occupational health in shift work in China.

As an important force in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the national economy, the occupational health of the Internet industry's employees has received widespread attention. This paper examines the current situation of occupational health risks and management in the Internet industry at home and abroad, and on this basis reveals the physical and mental health problems of Internet industry employees. Combining the existing regulations, policies and standard documents at home and abroad, countermeasures are proposed to improve the relevant laws and regulations and their guidelines, implement relevant job design requirements, build a healthy working environment, optimise the work management system and carry out workplace health promotion, in order to provide ideas to accelerate the improvement of occupational health issues in the Internet industry.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic features of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) and its effect on fetal intrauterine growth.Methods:Fourteen CPM cases of Haidian Maternal and Children Health Hospital were collected from May 2018 to March 2022. Clinicopathological examination on placental specimens and molecular genetic analysis were performed.Results:The age of the parturient women ranged from 27 to 34 years, with an average age of (30.0±3.54) years. The gestational weeks ranged from 35 +1 to 41 +2 weeks. There were 4 premature births and 10 term births, among which 6 were female and 8 were male fetuses. Nine cases (9/14) had adverse pregnancy outcomes, including 7 cases of fetal growth restriction. The weight of CPM placenta decreased, with 6 cases below the 10th percentile of weight standards and 5 cases between the 10th and 25th percentile. All 14 CPM placental specimens showed morphological changes of perfusion dysfunction to varying degrees, with mainly placental-maternal vascular malperfusion followed by placental-fetal vascular malperfusion. The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases varied, with 16-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism being the most common followed by 7-trisomy and 21-trisomy/monosomy mosaicism. The mosaic proportion was unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta, with the mosaic proportion of umbilical cord, fetal membranes, fetal surface, maternal surface, and edge ranging from 1% to 70%. Conclusions:The mosaic chromosomes in different CPM cases vary, and the mosaic proportion is unequal in different parts of the same CPM placenta. The pathological morphology is mainly manifested as perfusion dysfunction, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and preterm birth.

The occupational health issues of shift workers has received increasing attention in the field of occupational health, and discussed in this article through literature review on the health risks and management of shift work both domestically and internationally. Based on this, a series of impacts of shift work on the physiological and psychological health of workers, as well as their family and social life, are revealed. Combined with relatively mature regulations and policies in foreign countries, it is proposed that China should fully learn from the relevant experience of health management in shift work abroad, Strengthen research and explore effective management intervention measures to provide ideas for accelerating the development of scientifically feasible regulations and policies related to occupational health in shift work in China.

As an important force in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the national economy, the occupational health of the Internet industry's employees has received widespread attention. This paper examines the current situation of occupational health risks and management in the Internet industry at home and abroad, and on this basis reveals the physical and mental health problems of Internet industry employees. Combining the existing regulations, policies and standard documents at home and abroad, countermeasures are proposed to improve the relevant laws and regulations and their guidelines, implement relevant job design requirements, build a healthy working environment, optimise the work management system and carry out workplace health promotion, in order to provide ideas to accelerate the improvement of occupational health issues in the Internet industry.

Objective To explore the impact of insomnia status in university students on cognitive flexi-bility.Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted.A total of 802 undergraduates in a university of Chongqing conducted the questionnaire survey by cognitive flexibility inventory(CFI)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).A total of 770 effective questionnaires were recovered.Sixty-six university student vol-unteers were recruited as the study subjects.The subjects with the PSQI≥8 points and being in insomnia state after interview served as the insomnia group(n=28)and the subjects with the PSQI＜8 points and not being in insomnia state after interview served as the control group(n=38).The study subjects all participated in behavioral study(adopting the number-letter transition task assesses the cognitive flexibility of the subjects).The differences in the reaction time,accuracy rate and switching cost were compared between the two groups.Results The total scores of CFI and PSQI in the university students group were(70.43±12.85)points and(6.37±3.29)points,respectively.The detection rate of insomnia was 33.77％(260/770).The CFI score in in-somnia individual was significantly lower than that in the sleep normal individual,and the difference was sta-tistically significant[(68.15±11.65)points vs.(71.59±13.28)points,P＜0.05].The Spearman partial correlation analysis indicated that the cognitive flexibility was negatively correlated with the PSQI total score(r=-0.22),subjective sleep quality(r=-0.22),sleep latency(r=-0.12),sleep disorders(r=-0.16),hypnotic drug use(r=-0.14)and daytime dysfunction(r=-0.16).The average reaction time,reaction time for repeat trials,reaction time for switch trials and switching cost in the insomnia group were longer than those in the control group,the CFI score and switch trial accuracy rate were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The cognitive flexibility of the university students with insomnia is lower than that of the university students with normal sleep.The insom-nia status should be intervened.

Objective To explore the possible safety difference of anti-infective agents with the same generic drug name produced by different manufacturers. Methods Spontaneous Reporting System for Adverse Drug Reactions of Beijing was searched. The reports of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of levofloxacin,azithromycin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,cefuroxime,etimicin,cefoperazone sulbactam sodium,cefoxitin,ceftriaxone and ornidazole from January 2009 to December 2013 were collected. The number of ADR reports,types of ADR,suspicious drugs which induced ADR,and the manufacturers were recorded. The number of ADR signals was detected by reporting odds ratio(ROR)method. The safety of drugs was evaluated according to the number of signal and the type of ADR. Results A total of 18 366 ADR reports of 10 kinds of anti-infective drugs were collected. The top five ADR′s types were skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases(7 644),gastrointestinal diseases(2 505),systemic diseases and various parts of the site of treatment(1 761),nervous system disease(1 592)and immune system diseases (1 254)successively. The sum of the digits above accounted for 80.3% in total number of 10 kinds of anti-infective drugs ADR reports(14 756/18 366). The drugs which caused the five kinds of ADR were levofloxacin,azithromycin and clindamycin/moxifloxacin mainly. The numbers of ADR signals of evofloxacin,azithromycin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,cefuroxime,etimicin,cefoperazone sulbactam sodium,cefoxitin,ceftriaxone,and ornidazole which were detected by ROR method were 17,20,1,23,9, 9,20,5,1 and 9,respectively. The ADR types related to ADR signals were 11,12,1,12,6,8,10,5 and 8,respectively. The numbers of manufacturers related to ADR signals were 9,13,1,14,6,9,11,5, 1 and 9,respectively. Conclusions There are some differences in ADR signals and ADR types among the 10 kinds of anti-infective agents with the same generic drug name produced by different manufacturers. It is suggested that there are some differences in safety of the above-mentioned drugs.

Objective To explore the possible safety difference of anti-infective agents with the same generic drug name produced by different manufacturers. Methods Spontaneous Reporting System for Adverse Drug Reactions of Beijing was searched. The reports of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of levofloxacin,azithromycin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,cefuroxime,etimicin,cefoperazone sulbactam sodium,cefoxitin,ceftriaxone and ornidazole from January 2009 to December 2013 were collected. The number of ADR reports,types of ADR,suspicious drugs which induced ADR,and the manufacturers were recorded. The number of ADR signals was detected by reporting odds ratio(ROR)method. The safety of drugs was evaluated according to the number of signal and the type of ADR. Results A total of 18 366 ADR reports of 10 kinds of anti-infective drugs were collected. The top five ADR′s types were skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases(7 644),gastrointestinal diseases(2 505),systemic diseases and various parts of the site of treatment(1 761),nervous system disease(1 592)and immune system diseases (1 254)successively. The sum of the digits above accounted for 80.3% in total number of 10 kinds of anti-infective drugs ADR reports(14 756/18 366). The drugs which caused the five kinds of ADR were levofloxacin,azithromycin and clindamycin/moxifloxacin mainly. The numbers of ADR signals of evofloxacin,azithromycin,moxifloxacin,clindamycin,cefuroxime,etimicin,cefoperazone sulbactam sodium,cefoxitin,ceftriaxone,and ornidazole which were detected by ROR method were 17,20,1,23,9, 9,20,5,1 and 9,respectively. The ADR types related to ADR signals were 11,12,1,12,6,8,10,5 and 8,respectively. The numbers of manufacturers related to ADR signals were 9,13,1,14,6,9,11,5, 1 and 9,respectively. Conclusions There are some differences in ADR signals and ADR types among the 10 kinds of anti-infective agents with the same generic drug name produced by different manufacturers. It is suggested that there are some differences in safety of the above-mentioned drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To establish drug safety performance indicator system in Beijing,and to provide reference for evaluat-ing work quality of administration department and drug market safety reasonably. METHODS:Through literature survey,expert brainstorming and maximum difference scaling,the indicators of drug safety performance evaluation system in Beijing were select-ed,and internet questionnaire survey was conducted among 20 regulators by using SSI Web software. The weight of each indicator was analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:4 factors of drug safety performance have been selected involving 27 indicators,ig. Results of drug sampling test(Oc)which reflect drug market safety directly;results of special drug sampling test(So)which mea-sure the quality of essential medicine;drug sampling operation standard (Na) which measure the completion of drug sampling by procedure or plan;rationality of drug sampling (Ra) which guarantee the rationality of sampling procedure and representativeness of sampled drugs. Finally,20 indicators are identified by experts. The weight of 4 factors are 21%,14%,40% and 25%,respec-tively. Established drug safety performance evaluation system can achieve quantitative check of drug supervision departments,and dispose several problems as rely on subjective factor greatly,lack of objective and uniform standard,only check the results. It pro-vides reference for the formulation of drug safety performance evaluation indicators in other provinces,cities and municipalities.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the management of re-use of single-use devices (SUDs) in China. METH-ODS:The management situation of SUDs use in China and the management policy of SUDs re-use in America and Germany were introduced,the published literature of SUDs re-use was researched and the safety and ethicality were analyzed and discussed. RE-SULTS:China had no regulation for the clear definition of the range,standards and requirements of SUDs re-use;America and Germany had well-management for the SUDs re-use with different modes. Literature analysis showed that there were 3 results for the SUDs re-use,including supporting,opposition and classified management. In terms of safety,SUDs re-use needs the base of specific species and disinfection operations;in terms of ethicality,SUDs re-use should focus on the right to know of patients and the effects on cost savings and environment. CONCLUSIONS:China should establish and improve the management policy of SUDs re-use,develop the classification assessment of re-use,encourage third-party organizations participating in the recycling of SUDs and strengthen the monitoring of adverse reactions,etc.