ObjectiveTo compare the differences in intestinal absorption of nanophase（NP） formed by single decoction and combined decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens（ZRR） in rats， and to investigate the effects of new NP formed by the combined decoction on the absorption of main components in GRR and ZRR. MethodDifferential centrifugation and dialysis techniques were used to enrich NP in the single and combined decoctions of GRR and ZRR， respectively. The microstructure， particle size， Zeta potential and concentration of the NP were analyzed by transmission electron microscope， particle size analyzer and nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Based on everted gut sac model， the index components in the intestinal absorption solution of NP from the single and combined decoctions were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）. The per unit area actual value of cumulative intestinal absorption（Q_actual）， absorption rate constant（K_a） and apparent permeability coefficient（P_app） were used as the evaluating indexes to investigate the absorption characteristics of the aforementioned NP in the duodenum， jejunum， ileum and colon. ResultIrregularly spherical NP was present in the single and combined decoctions， and the contents of components in NP of the combined decoction were mostly lower than those in the single decoction. In these NP， ten components could be absorbed into the intestinal sac， with the main absorption site being the small intestine， and the P_app was greater than 1×10^-5 cm·min^-1. Compared with NP in the single decoction， the Q_actual and K_a of ginsenoside Rb₁， ginsenoside Rf， 4-gingerol and 6-shogaol were significantly increased in NP of the combined decoction， while ginsenoside Re and 6-gingerol were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Except for ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rd， the P_app of the remaining constituents was significantly increased in NP of the combined decoction（P<0.01）. In addition， the maximum intestinal segment site of Q_actual was shifted forward for ginsenoside Rb₁， ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Ro， while shifted backward for ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Re and 8-gingerol. The maximal intestinal segment sites of K_a and P_app of ginsenoside Rb₁， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Ro shifted forward， while ginsenoside Re and 4-gingerol were shifted backward. ConclusionThe combined decoction of GRR and ZRR is helpful to promote the absorption of the effective components of the two， and changes the absorption behavior of the effective components in some intestinal segments. This study provides a reference for the subsequent research on the compatibility mechanism of the two medicines.

Guided by Chinese medicine culture,the strengthening of the cultural self-confidence of Chinese medicine is the cornerstone of the personnel training majoring in Chinese material medica.With the rapid development of modern medicine,the personnel training of the undergraduate students majoring in Chinese material medica in the universities of western medicine is facing several problems,such as lack of cultural identity,lack of professional confidence,unsteadiness of professional thinking,and changes of employment direction.For these problems,based on the main line "Solidify the cultural foundation of Chinese medicine,strengthen the self-confidence of Chinese material medica",our school selected the Chinese medicine cultural traveling,social practices and Chinese medicine employment guidance curriculum as the starting points,and carried out various of lively and vivid activities,which had positive impacts on the learning enthusiasm and professional love of the undergraduate students majoring in Chinese material medica.

Based on the constructivism learning theory, we designed a new pharmaceutics of TCM experiment teaching course which focused on process of knowledge formation, including a self-designed experiments on the basis of primary experiment, a cooperative learning platform, and an formative evaluation system. The practice has showed that this new teaching method can arouse the participants' interest and initiative, help to enhance the teaching efficiency and performance.

Objective To optimize the formulation of the sunscreen used in military training.Methods The different formulations of sunscreen were prepared according to the orthogonal design,and then applied on 3M adhesive tape posted on the color dish with a certain amount;the absorbance in 280 nm-320 nm and 320 nm-400 nm of them were measured and the arithmetic mean (A) was concluded.By comparing A,the protective effect and the main factors affecting preventive bask were determined.The preventive bask test of the optimum formula was carried out in human trials using the method of multi point increasing ultraviolet irradiation.Results OMC,TinosorbTM M,rutin,pearl powder and baicalin all had significant effects in preventing UVA.OMC had a significant effect in preventing UVB.The formula 1 (containing the five materials mentioned above) had the best effects in preventing both UVA (SPF 18) and UVB (PA+).Conclusions The formula 1 has the best effects in preventing both UVA and UVB.

OBJECTIVETo compare inclusion effects and process conditions of two preparation methods-colloid mill and saturated solution-for beta-CD inclusion compound of four traditional Chinese medicine volatile oils and study the relationship between each process condition and volatile oil physical properties and the regularity of selective inclusion of volatile oil components.

METHODVolatile oils from Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Amomi Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma and Angelicaesinensis Radix were prepared using two methods in the orthogonal test. These inclusion compounds by optimized processes were assessed and compared by such methods as TLC, IR and scanning electron microscope. Inclusion oils were extracted by steam distillation, and the components found before and after inclusion were analyzed by GC-MS.

RESULTAnalysis showed that new inclusion compounds, but inclusion compounds prepared by the two processes had differences to some extent. The colloid mill method showed a better inclusion effect than the saturated solution method, indicating that their process conditions had relations with volatile oil physical properties. There were differences in the inclusion selectivity of components between each other.

CONCLUSIONThe colloid mill method for inclusion preparation is more suitable for industrial requirements. To prepare volatile oil inclusion compounds with heavy gravity and high refractive index, the colloid mill method needs longer time and more water, while the saturated solution method requires higher temperature and more beta-cyclodextrin. The inclusion complex prepared with the colloid mill method contains extended molecular weight chemical composition, but the kinds of components are reduced.

Amomum ; chemistry ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nardostachys ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study optimal process conditions for the inclusion of volatile oil from Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma using saturated water solution method.

METHODThe optimal technology of inclusion was identified respectively by the utilization ratio of volatile oils and the yield of inclusion compound in an orthogonal experiment design, and the inclusion efficiency was evaluated by TLC, UV, IR, SE and GC-MS.

RESULTThe optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as follows: volatile oil: beta-CD was 1: 6, the inclusion temperature was 40 degrees C, the stirring speed and time were in 300 r x min(-1) and for 1 h. The analysis results showed that a new substance was conformed. The change of the volatile oil component was found before and after inclusion.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal process conditions are easy for operation, and high in utilization ratio of volatile oils and the yield of inclusion compound.

Nardostachys ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

To investigate the chemical constituents in the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao, methanol extract of the stems was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. One new beta-naphthalenecarboxylic acid biglycoside, 1, 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid methyl ester-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated, along with two known compounds: isotaxiresinol 4-O-methyl ether (2) and (R)-7-hydroxy-alpha-dunnione (3). Compound 2 was first obtained from Chirita genus and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, and the NMR spectroscopic data of compound 2 was published for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC method to determine the content of aromadendrin in Euonymus alatus.

METHODKromasil 100-5C18 column was used with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.3% glacial acetic acid (24:76) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 292 nm and the temperature of column was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.051-2.04 microg for aromadendrin. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.999 9. Twenty batches of the crude E. alatus purchased from different areas were determined and the contents of aromadendrin in the twigs of E. alatus were fluctuated from 0.001 57% to 0.041 6%.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, repeatable and can be used for determination of aromadendrin.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of phenylethanoid glycosides plantainoside D and verbascoside in Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao.

METHODThe analysis was performed on a Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with CH3CN-1% HAc (16:84)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and at a column temperature of 30 degrees C. The detection wave length was 332 nm.

RESULTThe linear ranges of calibration of plantainoside D and verbascoside were 3.125-100.00 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9998) and 25.00-500.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9998). The average recoveries were 101.3% and 100.8% with RSD of 2.6% and 2.2% (n=9), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate, reliable and can be used for the quality evaluation of C. longgangensis var. hongyao and its preparation.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Disaccharides ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for quick finding the absorption ingredients of Wuzhuyu decoction in order to select the index to control its quality.

METHODThe absorption of three concentration of Wuzhuyu decotion was investigated with the in vitro-everted intestinal sac model. The intestinal bag fluid of jejunum and ileum were collected in different time and the eight ingredients, which were evodiamine (Ev), rutaecarpine (Ru), limonin (Li), ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rg1, -Re (Rb1, Rg1, Re), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucosyl(6''-->1'")-alpha-L-rhamnoside (Irs)and 6-gingerol (6-Gi), were detected by HPLC as the represent constituents in samples.

RESULTEight ingredients except Ru in samples could be detected, but Ev could not be detected in high concentration samples. The ratios between absorption ingredients were different from in Wuzhuyu decotion.

CONCLUSIONThe in vitro-everted intestinal sac canc absorb the ingredients of Wuzhuyu decotion selectivity. Compare with the ileum, the jejunum can provide the more absorption information and faster, the best test time is 60-90 min.

Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Extracellular Fluid ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Ileum ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar