Background: Simulation-based education has become an effective and widely used modern teaching method in health professional education. This approach allows students to apply theoretical knowledge into practice and develop essential skills such as clinical assessment, clinical decision-making, and teamwork in a safe and controlled learning environment. In recent years, international studies have demonstrated that simulation-based training improves students’ clinical skills, confidence, communication abilities, and professional attitudes. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of simulation-based training remains limited in certain educational settings, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of simulation-based training within local educational contexts is necessary. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of simulation-based training on students’ knowledge, clinical skills, and professional attitudes. Materials and Methods: This study included 45 third-year medical students from four classes at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences using a random sampling method. Participants were divided into two groups according to the training modality: a simulation-based training group (n=20) and a traditional learning control group (n=25). Knowledge was assessed before and after training using an 18-item test covering asthma etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. After the training session, students’ knowledge, clinical skills, and professional attitudes were evaluated using a 21item Likert-scale questionnaire and small-group discussions to identify factors influencing learning outcomes. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, which demonstrated high internal consistency (α=0.90). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-training knowledge within groups, while independent samples t-tests were used to compare post-training outcomes between groups. Result: After training, mean knowledge scores significantly improved among all participants (pre-training: 9.18±2.33; post-training: 10.47±2.31; p<0.001). In the simulation group, knowledge scores increased from 7.65±2.01 to 9.05±2.46, while in the control group, scores increased from 10.40±1.80 to 11.60±1.41 (p=0.007). Post-training comparisons showed that the simulation group demonstrated higher mean scores in knowledge (36.70±3.73 vs 34.44±4.77) and clinical skills (11.35±1.69 vs 10.92±1.75) than the control group; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Professional attitude scores were significantly higher in the simulation group compared with the control group (43.35±3.60 vs 40.64±4.51, p=0.034). Conclusion Simulation-based training demonstrated positive effects on students’ knowledge and clinical skills and significantly improved professional attitudes. Integrating simulation-based training with traditional teaching methods may serve as an effective educational strategy to enhance the quality of clinical education.

Introduction: Since 1993, the Inula helenium L. plant has been planted in the production area (Bulgan Province, Dashinchilen Sum) of the Traditional Hatchery Science and Production Corporation’s medicinal plant introduction and cultivation experience. At the Drug Research Institute, there is also a botanical institute for medicinal plants where it is grown. In traditional Mongolian medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Inula helenium L. are used to reduce inflammation, boost immunity, enhance hunger, and improve intestinal motility. Inula helenium L. roots and rhizomes contain biologically active compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Methods: The roots and rhizomes of Inula helenium L. were extracted with water and 70% ethanol at the following ratios 1:10 (2% of WAC), 1:8, and 1:6 by partial maceration at 700C for 2 hours each, extracted and concentrated. The dry extract was obtained by the spray drying procedure. High-performance liquid chromatography for determining the content of alantolactone, thin-layer chromatography for qualitative analysis. Spectrophotometer for determining the content of polyphenolic compounds, colored compounds with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent for qualitative analysis. Spectrophotometer for determining the content of inulin, and colored compounds with phenol and sulfuric acid solutions for qualitative analysis. Conclusion In determining the content of polyphenolic compounds, inulin, and alantolactone in the dry extract taken from the roots and rhizomes of cultivated Inula helenium L., the content of polyphenolic compound in dry extract A was 2.50±0.08%, and alantolactone was 1.39±0.11% in the raw material of the plant, while B dry the extract had a high concentration of inulin of 58.51±0.66%.

Introduction: The Five Medicinal Herb Soak Therapy, as described in the 23rd chapter of “The Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra,” a key text in traditional medicine, is noted for its therapeutic applications. It is recommended for conditions such as joint stiffness, tumors, acute and chronic wound swelling, sores, abscesses, hunchback, muscle rheumatism, anthrax, scattered heat and wind disorders. The Five Medicinal Herb Soak consists of Ledum palustre L., Juniperus pseudosabia Fisch.Et M., Myricaria alopecuroides Schrenk., Ephedra Przewalskii Stapf., and Artemisia frigida Willd. This therapy is widely practiced in Mongolia, China, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Tibetan Autonomous Region, the Qinghai Province, and the Gansu Province. This clinical observational study review aims to predict treatment outcomes, establish treatment guidelines, and facilitate the development of other pharmaceutical forms. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a scientific reference for the application of the Five Medicinal Herb Soak Therapy. Objective: The objective of this review is to analyze and synthesize clinical studies on the Five Medicinal Herb Soak Therapy. Methods: Keywords “五味甘露” (Wu wei gan lu), “Tibetan medicine five-flavor Manna” were used to search for relevant research articles and theses in biomedical databases, including PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure CNKI (https://www.cnki.net/). The collected data were systematically analyzed and reviewed. Conclusion The Five Medicinal Herb Soak Therapy demonstrates significant therapeutic value in treating conditions such as gout, rheumatic joint inflammations, digestive disorders, female reproductive system diseases, spinal herniation, arthritis, varicose veins, and scurvy. Integrating this therapy with Mongolian, Tibetan, Chinese, and European medical practices can enhance treatment efficacy by reducing treatment duration, alleviating symptoms, and preventing recurrence. Furthermore, developing more efficient pharmaceutical forms of the Five Medicinal Herb Soak could improve its effectiveness and reduce potential side effects.

BI-RADS assessment using for diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma Introduction: Scientific evidence is needed to introduce non-invasive and effective diagnostic methods for early detection of breast cancer. One of these methods is the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) assessment, which has entered the field of imaging. However, in the United States, 58% of all cases diagnosed negatively by ultrasound (BI-RADS1-3) were diagnosed by breast biopsy. The significance of BI-RADS assessment in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma will be investigated in the National Cancer Center of Mongolia Materials and methods: The study was conducted using the descriptive design from January 2021 to August 2021, based on the National Cancer Center of Mongolia. The study data were initially collected using a database of tissue and immunohistochemical analyzes and breast ultrasound. Of the 75 women aged 23-86, 81.3% were diagnosed with breast cancer. Results: The study found that 75.4% of women diagnosed with breast cancer by biopsy had a suspected BI-RADS cancer (4a-5). In addition, a woman's age is a statistically significant predictor variable in the diagnosis of peritoneal breast cancer (ROC = ROC = 0.736, p = 0.006). Conclusions: BI-RADS assessment can be used for invasive ductal carcinoma. Our study retrospectively included only women with cancer and other breast disease. In the future, it is necessary to study in detail the relationship between BI-RADS evaluation indicators and invasive ductal carcinoma.