Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disease caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel and is considered to have an individual, occupational, and socioeconomic impact. Aim: To study the risk factors for CTS among hospital floor cleaners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among floor cleaners at the Third State Central Hospital. Clinical and electrophysiological severity of CTS were evaluated using standardised scales, and symptoms were assessed with the self-administered Boston Questionnaire (BQ). Demographic and non-occupational factors, as well as durations of current and previous occupations, were recorded. The diagnosis was confirmed by electrophysiological analysis. Each assessment was categorised as mild, moderate, or severe. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0. Result: The prevalence of CTS among floor cleaners was 39% (32/82) (p < 0.001). In the simple logistic regression, comorbidities (OR, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.02-6.16]), smoking (OR, 3.90 [95% CI, 1.12-13.57]) and in the multiple logistic regression, only comorbidities (OR, 2.90 [95% CI, 1.03-8.16]) were the predictors of CTS. Conclusion The risk of developing CTS among hospital floor cleaners is influenced by BMI, smoking, and comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus.

Background: The vitreous body is an inelastic, acellular, avascular, transparent matrix that fills the posterior cavity of the eye. The most common causes of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage are proliferative diabetic retinopathy (32%), retinal tear (30%), branch retinal vein occlusion- BRVO (11%), and posterior vitreous detachment (8%). Aim: To analyze causes and visual outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study of 102 eyes of 102 consecutive patients with VH, which were managed surgically between January 2014 and January 2017, was performed. The main outcome measure was visual acuity at baseline, at 1, 14 and 28 days post operatively and at last follow up. Result: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, branch retinal vein occlusion constituted the etilogoy of vitreous hemorrhage 62 (31%), 77 (38.50%), respectively. After vitrectomy, logMAR visual acuity significantly improved from 1.81±0.60 to 0.50±0.30 (p=0.032). Conclusion Branch retinal vein occlusion is a most common cause of vitreous haemorrhage. The poor presenting visual acuity reflects the severity of causes of vitreous haemorrhage in our environment. The visual prognosis of vitreous BRVO is relatively good.

Background: Total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKA) is an essential surgical treatment method performed when the cartilage surfaces of the knee joint undergo irreversible changes due to aging, trauma, genetics, or lifestyle factors. In our country, approximately 2.500 knee replacement surgeries are performed annually. Aim: To investigate the Lysholm scores of patients who underwent total knee replacement arthroplasty and the factors influencing these scores. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a retrospective cohort study design. The research was carried out at the First Central Hospital of the country, involving 186 patients who visited the Department of Joint Center from January 2007 to May 2023. Participants provided demographic data, information on comorbidities, alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, and lifestyle factors through a 56-question survey, divided into two groups. The stability and function of the knee joint were assessed using the Lysholm assessment. A score of 95-100 indicated excellent, 84-94 good, 65-83 moderate, and less than 65 poor. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Out of 185 participants, the mean age was 71.83±7.83 years, with 18.9% (n=35) males and 81.1% (n=150) females. The demographic factors such as gender, age group, BMI, and years after surgery were significantly associated with the Lysholm score (p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified that age (OR, 2.014; 95% CI, 1.620-1.659; p=0.001), excess weight (OR, 1.328; p=0.001; 95% CI, 0.469-3.765), and years after surgery (OR, 1.194; 95% CI, 0.533- 2.676; p=0.037) were factors influencing the scores Conclusion 037) were factors influencing the scores. Conclusion: The number of years after total knee replacement arthroplasty and patient age significantly affected Lysholm evaluation scores

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema.Prospective, randomized, single-center, a 12 month, laser-controlled, clinical trial. Participants: One hundred twelve eligible patients, aged ≥18 years, with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study eye of 35 to 69 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)letters at 4 m (Snellen equivalent: ≥6/60 or ≤6/12), with visual impairment due to center-involved diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Patients were randomized into three treatment groups:(I) intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy (n=42), (II) intravitreal bevacizumab combined with laser (n=35), (III) laser monotherapy (n=35). Bevacizumab injections were given for 3 initial monthly doses and then pro re nata (PRN) thereafter based on BCVA stability and DME progression. The primary efficacy endpoints were the mean change in BCVA and central retinal subfield thickness (CRST) from baseline to month 12.Bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser were superior to laser monotherapy in improving mean change in BCVA letter score from baseline to month 12 (+8.3 and +11.3 vs +1.1 letters; both p<0.0001). There were significant difference detected between the bevacizumab and bevacizumab combined with laser treatment groups (p=0.004). At month 12, greater proportion of patients gained ≥10 and ≥15 letters and with BCVA letter score >73 (Snellen equivalent: >6/12) with bevacizumab monotherapy (23.8% and 7.1% and 4.8%, respectively) and bevacizumab + laser (57.1% and 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively) versus laser monotherapy. The mean central retinal subfield thickness was significantly reduced from baseline to month 12 with bevacizumab (−124.4 μm) and bevacizumab + laser (−129.0 μm) versus laser (−62.0 μm; both p<0.0001). Conjunctival hemorrhage was the most common ocular events. No endophthalmitis cases occurred.Bevacizumab monotherapy or combined with laser showed superior BCVA improvements over macular laser treatment alone in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema.