Objective:To explore the characteristics of the changes in each cognitive dimension of the elderly with normal cognitive function in different age groups over time.Methods:Individuals aged 60 and above in an urban area of Guangzhou were invited to participate in the study. Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA), and the World Health Organization Complete Set of Neuropsychological Tests (WHO-BCAI) were used, a total of 281 subjects with normal cognitive function were enrolled and allocated into the senior age group (≥80 years old), the middle age group (70-79 years old) and the younger age group (60-69 years old). All of the subjects were followed up after 1 year and 5 years. Mixed linear model was used to analyze the differences and characteristics of different cognitive dimensions (including numerical breadth, auditory words, associative learning, visual recognition, language fluency, delayed recall, Wechsler mapping, and Wechsler block diagrams) in different age groups over time.Results:The differences of all cognitive assessment items between the three age groups at different survey times were statistically significant, including MMSE ( F=32.22, P<0.01), MoCA ( F=42.98, P<0.01), Digital Breadth ( F=3.62, P<0.05), Auditory Words ( F=30.21, P<0.01), Associative Learning ( F=17.97, P<0.01), Visual Recognition ( F=18.62, P<0.01), Language Fluency ( F=15.17, P<0.01), Delayed Recall ( F=33.43, P<0.01), Wechsler Mapping ( F=19.92, P<0.01), and Wechsler Block Diagram ( F=18.51, P<0.01). The results of Bonferroni multiple means comparison showed that when comparing to the baseline and the one-year follow-up timepoint, the auditory word scores of the elderly in the younger and middle-age groups were significantly increased( t=3.73, P<0.05; t=3.98, P<0.05). When comparing to the 5-year follow-up and the baseline, the MMSE scores of the elderly in the three age groups ( t=-4.64, P<0.05; t=-4.48, P<0.05; t=-4.28, P<0.05) were significantly decreased, the numerical breadth and Wechsler block diagram scores of the elderly in the younger age group were significantly decreased( t=-2.75, P<0.05; t=-2.54, P<0.05), and auditory words increased significantly( t=3.01, P<0.05); Comparing to the one-year and the five-year follow-up timepoint, the MMSE scores of the elderly in the three age groups ( t=-4.85, P<0.05; t=-2.70, P<0.05; t=-2.61, P<0.05) and MoCA ( t=-6.52, P<0.05; t=-5.67, P<0.05; t=-3.89, P<0.05) of the elderly in the three age groups were significantly decreased, the Wechsler mapping scores of the elderly in the younger and middle-age groups were significantly decreased ( t=-3.57, P<0.05; t=-2.61, P<0.05), and the Wechsler block diagram scores of the elderly in the younger age group also decreased significantly ( t=-2.79, P<0.05). Conclusions:The continuous attention, short-term memory function and recognizable, memory and comprehension ability of the elderly in the younger group decreased faster than that of the elderly in the middle and elderly groups over time, and the cognitive content mentioned above may be sensitive indicators of cognitive decline in older adults.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the changes in each cognitive dimension of the elderly with normal cognitive function in different age groups over time.Methods:Individuals aged 60 and above in an urban area of Guangzhou were invited to participate in the study. Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA), and the World Health Organization Complete Set of Neuropsychological Tests (WHO-BCAI) were used, a total of 281 subjects with normal cognitive function were enrolled and allocated into the senior age group (≥80 years old), the middle age group (70-79 years old) and the younger age group (60-69 years old). All of the subjects were followed up after 1 year and 5 years. Mixed linear model was used to analyze the differences and characteristics of different cognitive dimensions (including numerical breadth, auditory words, associative learning, visual recognition, language fluency, delayed recall, Wechsler mapping, and Wechsler block diagrams) in different age groups over time.Results:The differences of all cognitive assessment items between the three age groups at different survey times were statistically significant, including MMSE ( F=32.22, P<0.01), MoCA ( F=42.98, P<0.01), Digital Breadth ( F=3.62, P<0.05), Auditory Words ( F=30.21, P<0.01), Associative Learning ( F=17.97, P<0.01), Visual Recognition ( F=18.62, P<0.01), Language Fluency ( F=15.17, P<0.01), Delayed Recall ( F=33.43, P<0.01), Wechsler Mapping ( F=19.92, P<0.01), and Wechsler Block Diagram ( F=18.51, P<0.01). The results of Bonferroni multiple means comparison showed that when comparing to the baseline and the one-year follow-up timepoint, the auditory word scores of the elderly in the younger and middle-age groups were significantly increased( t=3.73, P<0.05; t=3.98, P<0.05). When comparing to the 5-year follow-up and the baseline, the MMSE scores of the elderly in the three age groups ( t=-4.64, P<0.05; t=-4.48, P<0.05; t=-4.28, P<0.05) were significantly decreased, the numerical breadth and Wechsler block diagram scores of the elderly in the younger age group were significantly decreased( t=-2.75, P<0.05; t=-2.54, P<0.05), and auditory words increased significantly( t=3.01, P<0.05); Comparing to the one-year and the five-year follow-up timepoint, the MMSE scores of the elderly in the three age groups ( t=-4.85, P<0.05; t=-2.70, P<0.05; t=-2.61, P<0.05) and MoCA ( t=-6.52, P<0.05; t=-5.67, P<0.05; t=-3.89, P<0.05) of the elderly in the three age groups were significantly decreased, the Wechsler mapping scores of the elderly in the younger and middle-age groups were significantly decreased ( t=-3.57, P<0.05; t=-2.61, P<0.05), and the Wechsler block diagram scores of the elderly in the younger age group also decreased significantly ( t=-2.79, P<0.05). Conclusions:The continuous attention, short-term memory function and recognizable, memory and comprehension ability of the elderly in the younger group decreased faster than that of the elderly in the middle and elderly groups over time, and the cognitive content mentioned above may be sensitive indicators of cognitive decline in older adults.

Objective To identify the differences inneuropsychological characteristics between amnestic(AMCI)and vascular mild cognitive impairment(VMCI).Methods Totally 297 old community residents with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)were divided into amnestic MCI(AMCI)and vascular MCI(VMCI)subgroup from Guangzhou MCI prevalence survey.The elderly with MCI were interviewed and tested with the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),the Mini-Mental state examination(MMSE),Auditory Verbal Learning Test(AVLT),the Clinical Dementia Rating scale(CDR),Functional Activity Questionnaire(FAQ),the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale(M-HIS),Center for Epidemiologic Studies(CES-DC)to evaluate neuropsychological characteristics.Results AMCI versus VMCI group showed that the total scores of MoCA were(9.63±5.17 vs.9.98±6.02),total scores of MMSE were(16.90±4.84 vs.16.90±6.19),AVLT immediate memory was(2.35±1.39 vs.2.91±1.84),AVLT delayed recall was(2.23±2.09 vs.2.47±2.20),AVLT delayed recognition was(7.33±3.98 vs.6.85±4.02)and total scores of CDR(0.5 vs.0.5),with no differences between the 2 groups(all P>0.05).Based on MoCA survey,AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of visual space and execution(0.71±1.02 vs.0.92±1.26),language function(0.34±0.56 vs.0.50±0.80)and abstract thinking(0.25±0.49 vs.0.15±0.43),but based on MMSE survey,no difference was found in the various cognitive domains between the two groups.The AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of CES-DC scale(1.75±4.27 vs.2.76±6.72),FAQ scale(4.42±4.66 vs.8.71±7.03),M-HIS scale(0.40±0.64 vs.7.59±3.53).Conclusions There is no significant difference in general cognitive impairment between AMCI and VMCI,but the visual space and execution,language function are more impaired in AMCI than VMCI,and the abstract thinking,social function are more impaired with more depressive symptoms in VMCI than in AMCI.

Objective To study the interaction of BDNF gene C270T polymorphism and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)gene Xba Ⅰ loci and Pvu Ⅱ loci polymorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD)pathogenesis in southern Chinese Han population.Methods BNDF gene C270T locus,ERα gene Xba Ⅰ site and Pvu Ⅱ site polymorphisms were examined in 203 LOAD patients and normal controls using PCR-RFLP technique.Results There was an interaction be-tween BDNF gene and ERα gene,and BDNF gene C270T locus CC genotype and the ERa gene Xba Ⅰ locus xx genotype increased the LOAD incidance risk(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.02～5.53).Conclusions BDNF gene and ERα gene are in-teracted each other in the pathogenesis of LOAD.Patients carrying both BDNF gene C270T locus CC genotype and the ERα gene Xba Ⅰ locus xx genotypes might have an increased risk for LOAD.