Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a kind of the most common hematopoietic malignancy, its recurrence and drug resistance are closely related to the bone marrow microenvironment. Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) is an important part of the bone marrow microenvironment and their interaction with leukemia cells cannot be ignored. BMSC participates in and regulate signaling pathways related to proliferation or apoptosis of ALL cells by secretes cytokines or extracellular matrix proteins, thus affecting the survival of ALL cells. In this review, the research advance of several signaling pathways of the interaction between BMSC and ALL cells was summarized briefly.
Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Stromal Cells ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of CCN5 in endometriotic tissues and its impact on proliferation, migration and invasion of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). METHODS: We collected ovarian endometriosis samples from 20 women receiving laparoscopic surgery and eutopic endometrium samples from 15 women undergoing IVF-ET for comparison of CCN5 expression. Cultured HESCs were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus Ad-CCN5 for CCN5 overexpression or with a CCN5-specific siRNA for knocking down CCN5 expression, and the changes of cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin in HESCs with CCN5 overexpression or knockdown. RESULTS: CCN5 expression was significantly decreased in ovarian endometriosis tissues as compared with eutopic endometrium samples (P < 0.01). CCN5 overexpression obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs, significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expressions of N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin (P < 0.01). CCN5 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs and produced opposite effects on the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and vimentin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CCN5 can regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HESCs and thus plays an important role in EMT of HESCs, suggesting the potential of CCN5 as a therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Endometriosis/metabolism* ; Endometrium/metabolism* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Humans ; Stromal Cells

Abstract　　Hematopoietic stem cells are able to self-renewal and differentiate to all blood lineages. With the development of new technologies, recent studies have proposed the revised versions of hematopoiesis. In the classical model of hematopoietic differentiation, HSCs were located at the apex of hematopoietic hierarchy. During differentiation process, HSCs progressively lose self-renewal potential to be commited to progenitors with restricted differentiation potential. For instance, HSCs first give rise to multipotent progenitor cells, then produce bipotent and unipotent progenitors, and finally differentiate to mature blood cells. For the differentiation of megakaryocytes, common myeloid progenitors derived from HSCs give rise to megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors and then develop to megakaryocytes. However, recent results show that megakaryocytes can be directly generated from HSCs without multipotent or bipotent phases. Alternatively, platelet-biased HSCs produce megakaryocyte progenitors. In this article, recent advances in the hematopoiesis and megakaryocyte differentiation pathway are reviewed.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Megakaryocytes ; Multipotent Stem Cells

Therapeutic angiogenesis is an important strategy to rescue ischemic tissues in patients with critical limb ischemia having no other treatment option such as endovascular angioplasty or bypass surgery. Studies indicated so far possibilities of therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD34⁺ cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells, and etc. Recent studies indicated that subcutaneous adipose tissue contains stem/progenitor cells that can give rise to several mesenchymal lineage cells. Moreover, these mesenchymal progenitor cells release a variety of angiogenic growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1. Subcutaneous adipose tissues can be harvested by less invasive technique. These biological properties of adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) implicate that autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue would be a useful cell source for therapeutic angiogenesis in humans. In this review, I would like to discuss biological properties and future perspective of ADRCs-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis.
Angioplasty ; Bone Marrow ; Extremities ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ischemia ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Mesenchymal stem cells are classified as multipotent stem cells, due to their capability to transdifferentiate into various lineages that develop from mesoderm. Their popular appeal as cell-based therapy was initially based on the idea of their ability to restore tissue because of their differentiation potential in vitro; however, the lack of evidence of their differentiation to target cells in vivo led researchers to focus on their secreted trophic factors and their role as potential powerhouses on regulation of factors under different immunological environments and recover homeostasis. To date there are more than 800 clinical trials on humans related to MSCs as therapy, not to mention that in animals is actively being applied as therapeutic resource, though it has not been officially approved as one. But just as how results from clinical trials are important, so is to reveal the biological mechanisms involved on how these cells exert their healing properties to further enhance the application of MSCs on potential patients. In this review, we describe characteristics of MSCs, evaluate their benefits as tissue regenerative therapy and combination therapy, as well as their immunological properties, activation of MSCs that dictate their secreted factors, interactions with other immune cells, such as T cells and possible mechanisms and pathways involved in these interactions.
Animals ; Dinoprostone ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunomodulation* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mesoderm ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; Regeneration* ; Regenerative Medicine ; T-Lymphocytes ; Toll-Like Receptors

We assessed the efficacy of frozen-thawed gelatin-induced osteogenic cell sheet (FT-GCS) compared to that of fresh gelatin-induced osteogenic cell sheet (F-GCS) with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) used as the control. The bone differentiation capacity of GCS has already been studied. On that basis, the experiment was conducted to determine ease of use of GCS in the clinic. In vitro evaluation of F-GCS showed 3–4 layers with an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) formation; however, cryopreservation resulted in a reduction of FT-GCS layers to 2–3 layers. Cellular viabilities of F-GCS and FT-GCS did not vary significantly. Moreover, there was no significant difference in mRNA expressions of Runx2, β-catenin, OPN, and BMP-7 between F-GCS and FT-GCS. In an in vivo experiment, both legs of six dogs with transverse radial fractures were randomly assigned to one of three groups: F-GCS, FT-GCS, or control. Fracture sites were wrapped with the respective cell sheets and fixed with 2.7 mm locking plates and six screws. At 8 weeks after the operations, bone samples were collected and subjected to micro computed tomography and histopathological examination. External volumes of callus as a portion of the total bone volume in control, F-GCS, and FT-GCS groups were 49.6%, 45.3%, and 41.9%, respectively. The histopathological assessment showed that both F-GCS and FT-GCS groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) well-organized, mature bone with peripheral cartilage at the fracture site compared to that of the control group. Based on our results, we infer that the cryopreservation process did not significantly affect the osteogenic ability of gelatin-induced cell sheets.
Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 ; Bony Callus ; Cartilage ; Cryopreservation ; Dogs ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fracture Healing ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leg ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, and available treatments are insufficient in limiting disease progression. New strategies, including regenerative cell-based therapies, have emerged as therapeutic alternatives. Results from several groups, including our own, have reported evidence of a supportive role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in functional recovery and prevention of tissue damage in murine models of CKD. Prompted by these data, an open pilot study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a single injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for treatment of CKD. METHODS: AT-MSCs were infused intravenously into six CKD patients at a dose of 1 million cells/kg. Patients were stabilized and followed for one year prior to MSC infusion and one year following infusion. RESULTS: No patients presented with adverse effects. Statistically significant improvement in urinary protein excretion was observed in AT-MSCs transplanted patients, from a median of 0.75 g/day (range, 0.15–9.57) at baseline to 0.54 g/day (range, 0.01v2.66) at month 12 (P = 0.046). The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly decreased post-infusion of AT-MSCs. CONCLUSION: Findings from this pilot study demonstrate that intravenous infusion of autologous expanded AT-MSCs into CKD patients was not associated with adverse effects and could benefit patients already undergoing standard medical treatment.
Disease Progression ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Pilot Projects ; Proteinuria ; Public Health ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Stem Cells

No abstract available.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

BACKGROUND: The development of a safe and convenient agent that can promote hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a newly developed hair tonic containing a human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC)-derived conditioned medium in promoting hair growth. METHODS: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study investigated the efficacy of a hair tonic containing an hUCB-MSC-derived conditioned medium in 30 patients with patterned hair loss. Treatment efficacy was determined using phototrichograms to evaluate the density, diameter, and hair growth rate at baseline levels and after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The hair density in the group treated with the hair tonic significantly increased from 125.2 to 134.6 hairs/cm2 (p<0.05). In this same group, the thickness of hair also increased from 0.083 to 0.110 mm (p<0.05). Additionally, the hair growth rate increased from 0.285 to 0.338 mm/day (p<0.05). No severe adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: A hair tonic containing an hUCB-MSC-derived conditioned medium could be a new effective alternative to treat patients with androgenetic alopecia.
Alopecia ; Clinical Study ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Fetal Blood ; Hair Preparations ; Hair ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Treatment Outcome ; Umbilical Cord

BACKGROUND: Containing a certain proportion of mesenchymal stem cells, inflammatory dental tissue showed great tissue regeneration potential in recent years. However, whether it is applicable to promote tissue regeneration in vivo remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of stem cells from inflammatory dental pulp tissues (DPSCs-IPs) to reconstruct periodontal defects in miniature pigs. METHODS: The autologous pig DPSCs-IPs were first cultured, appraised and loaded onto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The compounds were then engrafted into an artificially-created periodontal defect. Three months later, the extent of periodontal regeneration was evaluated. Clinical examination, radiological examination and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess periodontal regeneration. RESULTS: The data collectively showed that DPSCs-IPs from miniature pigs expressed moderate to high levels of STRO-1 and CD146 as well as low levels of CD34 and CD45. DPSCs-IPs have osteogentic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation abilities. DPSCs-IPs were engrafted onto β-TCP and regenerated bone to repair periodontal defects by 3 months' post-surgical reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Autologous DPSCs-IPs may be a feasible means of periodontal regeneration in miniature pigs.
Dental Pulp ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Periodontitis ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature