Objective To analyze the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon γ(IFN-γ),C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-2(IL-2)in neonatal pneumonia.Methods A total of 100 neonates admitted to First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study.According to the serum 25(OH)D level,they were divided into deficiency group(≤15.0 μg/L,n=18),inadequate group(15.1-20 μg/L,n=42),and adequate group(＞20.0 μg/L,n=40).The general and clinical data such as gender,gestational age,serum 25(OH)D level,birth weight,mode of delivery and the levels of IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 were compared among the three groups.The correlation between vitamin D deficiency and levels of IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in gestational age,sex,birth weight,or delivery mode among the three groups(P＞0.05).Serum 25(OH)D levels in the three groups were as follows:deficiency group＜inadequate group＜adequate group,and there were significant differences in the serum 25(OH)D level between groups(P＜0.05).The levels of IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 in the deficiency group were higher than those in the inadequate group and adequate group(P＜0.05),and the levels of IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 in the inadequate group were higher than those in the adequate group(P＜0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 levels in newborns(P＜0.05).Conclusion The lower the serum 25(OH)D in newborns,the more deficient the vitamin D and the higher the levels of IFN-γ,CRP and IL-2 are,indicating higher risk of pneumonia.