Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate potential causal relationships between nine cathepsins and female infertility using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to investigate the potential causal effects between nine cathepsins and female infertility. Genetic data on female infertility were sourced from the FinnGen study, and cathepsin-related data were obtained from genome-wide association studies datasets of European ancestry. Results: Elevated levels of cathepsin E were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of female infertility, suggesting a potential protective role. This finding was further supported by multivariable MR analysis. However, no significant associations were observed between the other eight cathepsins and female infertility. Conclusion This study represents the first systematic MR analysis to identify a potential protective effect of cathepsin E on female infertility.

Objective To discuss the short-term efficacy and safety of primary percutaneous reduction combined with robotic-assisted screw placement for the treatment of Sanders type Ⅲ and Ⅳ calcaneal frac-tures.Methods A total of 52 patients(52 feet)with Sanders type Ⅲ and Ⅳ calcaneal fractures admitted to this hospital from August 2022 to October 2024 were selected as the study subjects.33 patients were treated with robot assisted screw placement(the observation group),including 23 cases of Sanders type Ⅲ patients(4 cases of AC type,16 cases of AB type,3 cases of BC type)and 10 cases of Sanders type Ⅳ patients;19 patients underwent manual screw placement under C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy(the control group),including 14 cases of Sanders type Ⅲ(5 cases of AC type,9 cases of AB type)and 5 cases of Sanders Ⅳ type.The B?hler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal height,calcaneal width,and calcaneal length were compared between the two groups at 3 and 12 months after surgery.The differences in the time from injury to surgery,intraoperative blood loss,number of intraoperative fluoroscopies,total incision length,operation time,number of screws inserted,num-ber of punctures,hospital stay,fracture healing time,and proportion of tarsal sinus incision-assisted reduction between the two groups were evaluated and compared.The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle and hindfoot function score,excellent rate of function and visual analog scale(VAS)pain score after surgery were also compared,and the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were compared to evaluate safety.Results Both groups of patients were followed up for more than 12 months after surgery.At 3 and 12 months postoperatively,B?hler's angle,Gissane's angle,calcaneal length,calcaneal height,and calcaneal width in both groups showed significant improvements compared to preopera-tive measurements,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The intraoperative blooding loss,number of intraoperative fluoroscopies,operation time,and number of punc-tures in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05);There was no statistically significant difference in the time from injury to surger-y,total incision length,number of screws inserted,hospital stay,fracture healing time,proportion of tarsal si-nus incision-assisted reduction,and excellent rate of function between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).The AOFAS ankle and hindfoot function score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 3 months after surgery,and the VAS pain scores in the early postoperative period was lower than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications such as lower ankle pain,traumatic arthritis,and plantar pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Com-pared with manual screw placement,primary percutaneous reduction combined with robotic-assisted screw placement for the treatment of Sanders type Ⅲ and Ⅳ calcaneal fractures is more effective,safe,precise,mini-mally invasive and efficient,with less intraoperative bleeding and lower incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the application value of two kinds of endometrial preparation in patients with thin endometrium of frozen thawed embryo transfer cycle.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 82 cycle of 76 patients was carried out.According to the difference of the endometrial preparation,the two groups were divided into two groups.One group was progynova group (42 cycles),and the other group was femonston group (40 cycles).Baseline information,endometrial status and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in baseline data (age,years of infertility,body mass index,basal hormone level) between the two groups.There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness[progynova group (5.52 ± 0.74) mm,femonston group (5.33 ± 0.66) mm,t =1.290,P =0.203],endometrial volume (progynova grouP ＜ 2mL and ≥ 2mL 38 patients and 4 patients,that of femonston group 36 cases and 4 cases,x2 =0.005,P =0.942),endometrial type (progynova group A,B,C type 35 cases,7 cases,0 case,those of emonston group 34 cases,6 cases,0 case,x2 =0.043,P =0.836) and blood flow (progynova group Ⅰ + Ⅱ and Ⅲ 34 cases and 8 cases,those of femonston group 35 cases and 5 cases,x2 =0.658,.P =0.417) between the two groups before treatment.After administration,endometrial thickness [progynova group (6.90 ± 0.62) mm,femonston group (7.60 ± 0.63) mm,t =5.04,P =0.000],neointimal growth [progynova group (1.67 ± 0.48) mm,femonston group (3.20 ± 0.61) mm,t =12.74,P =0.000],ratio of endometrial volume more than or equal to 2 mL [progynova group 52.38 ％ (22/42),femonston group 80.00％ (32/40),x2 =6.95,P =0.008],and ratio of endometrial blood flow type Ⅲ [progynova group 38.10％ (16/42),femonston group 70.00％ (28/40),x2 =8.387,P =0.004] of femonston group were higher than those of progynova group.The dosage[progynova group (112.43 ± 16.39)mg,femonston group (78.85 ± 10.17)mg,t =11.08,P =0.000] was lower than that of progynova group,and the difference was statistically significant.There was no significant difference in the two groups in endometrial type (progynova group A,B,C 30 cases,12 cases and 0 case,those of femonston group 28,12 and 0,x2 =0.020,P =0.887) after the treatment.There was no significant difference in the number of transplanted embryos (progynova group 1.78 ± 0.47,femonston group 1.77 ± 0.42,t =0.108,P =0.914),high quality embryo rate [progynova group 74.67 ％ (56/75),femonston group 73.24 ％ (52/71),x2 =0.039,P =0.844],implantation rate [progynova group 14.67 ％ (11/75),femonston group 16.90％ (12/71),x2 =0.137,P =0.711],biochemical pregnancy rate[progynova group 38.10％ (16/42),femonston group 40.00％ (16/40),x2 =0.031,P =0.860] and clinical pregnancy rate [progynova group 28.57 ％ (12/42),femonston group 32.50％ (13/40),x2 =0.149,P =0.699] between the two groups.Conclusion Femonston with less dosage,better improvement of the endometrial thickness,endometrial volume,endometrial blood flow of patients with thin endometrium of patients can obtain similar pregnancy outcomes compared with progynova.

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with incisional surgical site infection (SSI) in colorectal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed impacting factors of SSI including age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, operation, albumin levels, hemoglobin levels, tumor staging, and length of stay post-operation in 327 colorectal patients from 2001 to 2005. Results The incidences of SSI and fat liquefaction were 2. 4%(8/327) and 12. 2%(40/327) respectively. The incidences of SSI in patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus increased significantly (16. 8% vs. 10. 0% ,28. 6% vs. 13. 7%). The length of stay in patients with SSI prolonged significantly (29.0 d vs. 15.8 d). Conclusion Obesity and diabetes mellitus are the most important factors associated with SSI in colorectal cancer patients.