Effective Strategies for Managing Lithium Water Pollution: A Scoping Review Introduction At the moment, calls for sustainable management approaches throughout the Lithium (Li) lifecycle have increased due to growing concerns about the environmental and societal impacts of Li extraction and use. Moreover, long-term exposure to elevated Li levels has been linked to thyroid, neurological, and renal problems in humans. Currently, no comprehensive evaluation exists that thoroughly evaluates the technological, policy, and environmental surveillance strategies for addressing Li water contamination across its entire life cycle. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize evidence on integrated management strategies, including technological innovations, policy measures, and environmental surveillance approaches, to prevent and mitigate Li contamination in surface water throughout its life cycle. Methods This scoping review was developed using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) Approach, which complied with the Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework's recommended actions were carried out. For the literature search, three databases were selected. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were the three primary databases chosen for this review. This review includes only articles published over the past 20 years (2004-2024). Results A total of 403 studies were identified, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 24 included studies, 42% were observational, 33% experimental, and 15% reviews. Seven thematic domains were identified: Surveillance (25%), Resource Recovery (33%), Water Filtration System (13%), Extraction (17%), Policy, Remediation, and Recycling (each 4%). Several interventions demonstrated high Li removal or recovery efficiencies, including adsorption and reverse osmosis, achieving up to 99% Li removal; precipitation, recovering 84–90% of Li; and bioleaching, yielding 100% Li recovery from waste batteries. Conclusions A systematic, evidence-based approach is necessary for effective management of Li pollution. Moreover, to ensure that the global transition toward renewable and electrified energy remains sustainable and safeguards public health, Li management must evolve beyond mitigation to prevention and circularity. Therefore, a multifaceted strategy combining technological innovation, regulatory enforcement, and international cooperation is necessary to effectively manage Li pollution and ensure that green energy transitions remain environmentally responsible.

Climate-Driven Dengue Prediction Models In Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review For Public Health Application Introduction Dengue remains a major public health threat in Southeast Asia, with climate factors playing a significant role in its transmission. Climate-driven dengue modelling offers a valuable tool for outbreak forecasting and risk assessment. However, methodological rigour, predictive accuracy, and applicability vary across studies. This review aimed to map climate-driven dengue modelling approaches in Southeast Asia and evaluate their public health applicability. Methods A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the JBI framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies focusing on climate-driven dengue prediction models were identified from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 20 studies (N = 20) met the eligibility criteria. Eligible studies included those conducted in Southeast Asia that incorporated at least one climatic predictor into a dengue model and were published in English. Data extraction included model types, predictors, and model performance. Results The studies were included and categorized into four themes, Short-Term Forecasting, Long-Term Forecasting, Risk Mapping, and Climate–Transmission Simulation Models. Temperature, rainfall, and humidity were the most used climatic variables. Short-term models demonstrated high predictive accuracy (80%–95%). Long-term and simulation models offered insights into seasonal dynamics and intervention scenarios. Risk mapping enhanced spatial targeting, particularly when integrating land-use or mobility data. Across all themes, reliance on internal validation and inconsistent performance reporting limited generalisability. Conclusions These models showed significant potential to improve surveillance and outbreak preparedness in Southeast Asia. Strengthening external validation, integrating socio-environmental predictors, and fostering regional collaboration through platforms such as the ASEAN Centre for Public Health Emergencies and Emerging Diseases (ACPHEED) are essential to scaling model use for public health decision-making.

Dengue remains a public health threat that consumes a significant number of resources for its prevention and control. This systematic review aimed to solidify recent costing evidence in dengue management among South East Asian (SEA) countries. All studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved using four international databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight. The review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessments were done independently by two reviewers using a checklist adapted for the cost of illness studies. We identified 13 original articles representing several SEA countries. Among the common reported costing measure include total cost/ health expenditure; direct medical cost; direct non-medical cost; and indirect cost. The estimated total cost for dengue management varied between countries largely due to the difference in the total incidence of dengue cases. The estimated cost spent on dengue per capita GDP ranges from less than 0.001% to 0.1%, depending on the recorded number of dengue cases of the year. The majority of the articles focused on the economic burden from the perspective of treatment such as hospitalization and ambulatory care. In a nutshell, the economic burden of managing dengue infection is costly and the evidence suggests a steady increase in health expenditure with the growing number of dengue cases

Cabaran Dalam Pencegahan dan Kawalan Plasmodium Knowlesi Malaria Di Rantau Asia Tenggara – Ulasan Naratif PengenalanDi sebalik kejayaan program penghapusan malaria manusia, terdapat peningkatan yang membimbangkan berkenaan jangkitan malaria Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) di rantau Asia Tenggara. Pemahaman menyeluruh tentang cabaran dalam mencegah dan mengawal malaria zoonosis ini mesti diutarakan, terutamanya apabila menentukan strategi paling berkesan untuk menyekat penularan penyakit.MetodologiDi sebalik kejayaan program penghapusan malaria manusia, terdapat peningkatan yang membimbangkan berkenaan jangkitan malaria Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) di rantau Asia Tenggara. Pemahaman menyeluruh tentang cabaran dalam mencegah dan mengawal malaria zoonosis ini mesti diutarakan, terutamanya apabila menentukan strategi paling berkesan untuk menyekat penularan penyakit.Hasil KajianKepelbagaian manusia, seperti sosioekonomi dan sosiobudaya tempatan yang majmuk, persepsi yang rendah dan pematuhan optimum terhadap langkah-langkah pencegahan dan kawalan perlu ditangani. Isu dana nasional, pelaksanaan program, dan birokrasi mesti diselesaikan dalam memastikan keberkesanan peranan kerajaan dan kerjasama pelbagai sektor apabila melibatkan pengurusan penyakit malaria. Kejayaan sesuatu program akan terhalang sekiranya tiada sokongan daripada pemimpin masyarakat dan bertentangan dengan dinamik sosial. Kebolehsuaian nyamuk Anopheles bertanggungjawab terutamanya terhadap cabaran yang dihadapi dalam kawalan vektor. Kesan anjakan ekologi dan perubahan iklim, ditambah dengan aktiviti antropogenik mewujudkan limpahan zoonosis dan variasi penyesuaian yang mengubah landskap transmisi sylvian dan manusia.KesimpulanCabaran daripada pelbagai faktor mengurangkan keberkesanan dalam mencegah penularan penyakit ini. Pendekatan baharu mesti dibangunkan untuk mencapai kawasan terjejas dengan intervensi jangka panjang, komprehensif dan berkesan.

Pengurusan Sisa Penjagaan Kesihatan Pesakit di Rumah oleh Penjaga bagi Pesakit yang Menghidap Penyakit Tidak Berjangkit: Ulasan Naratif Pengenalan Pengurusan sisa penjagaan kesihatan adalah penting dalam menjaga alam sekitar dan kesihatan awam. Dalam konteks penjagaan pesakit penyakit tidak berjangkit (NCD) di rumah, penghasilan sisa berbahaya seperti benda tajam dan bahan berjangkit menuntut pengurusan yang berkesan bagi mengurangkan risiko pencemaran dan jangkitan. Ulasan naratif ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti jenis sisa yang dijana, amalan pelupusan dan kekangan yang dihadapi semasa pengurusan sisa penjagaan di rumah. Metodologi Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan ulasan naratif dengan meneliti artikel jurnal, laporan kes, dan panduan berkaitan pengurusan sisa penjagaan kesihatan di rumah bagi pesakit NCD dalam tempoh 10 tahun. Carian artikel dilakukan dalam pangkalan data seperti PubMed, Scopus dan WOS. Hasil Tujuh artikel telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi melalui carian literatur yang dijalankan. Penemuan menunjukkan sisa yang dihasilkan terdiri daripada benda tajam, bahan berjangkit, dan sisa farmaseutikal. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat kekurangan dalam amalan pengasingan dan pelupusan sisa yang sesuai oleh penjaga. Sebahagian besar penjaga membuang sisa klinikal bercampur dengan sisa domestik biasa, yang meningkatkan risiko kesihatan.KesimpulanPerbezaan amalan pengurusan sisa penjagaan pesakit di rumah adalah berdasarkan tahap ekonomi sesebuah negara. Kekurangan pengetahuan, garis panduan khusus serta pemantauan bagi pengurusan sisa penjagaan di rumah menyebabkan penjaga menghadapi cabaran dalampelupusan yang selamat. Di samping itu, ketiadaan infrastruktur yang mencukupi turut memburukkan keadaan bagi negara berpendapatan rendah atau sederhana. Latihan dan kesedaran kepada penjaga serta dasar yang komprehensif diperlukan untuk memastikan pengurusan sisa penjagaan kesihatan yang lebih selamat dan efektif. Hal ini penting bagi mengurangkan risiko jangkitan dan perlindungan alam sekitar.

Gema Ekologi: Meneroka Interaksi Antara Persekitaran Hutan dan Vektor Malaria Pendahuluan Malaria kekal sebagai salah satu cabaran kesihatan awam yang penting di seluruh dunia, dengan kemajuan telah terbantut dalam kebelakangan ini. Memandangkan peningkatan kes malaria terutamanya di beberapa kawasan tropika, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang hubungan ekologi yang mendasari penularan vektor malaria perlu diberikan fokus. Pendekatan pelbagai disiplin yang melibatkan ekologi, entomologi dan kesihatan awam adalah diperlukanuntuk memahami kaitan antara malaria dan habitat persekitaran. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis penyelidikan sedia ada tentang bagaimana ekosistem hutan mempengaruhi dinamik penularan malaria.MetodologiMenggunakan pangkalandata PubMed, Google Scholar dan Scopus, kajian literatur komprehensif telah dijalankan menggunakan kata kunci tertentu. Artikel yang berkaitan telah dinilai untuk aliran tematik. Secara keseluruhan, 42 artikel telah dipilih untuk naratif ini.Hasil Iklim mikro hutan mempengaruhi kecergasan, tingkah laku, corak aktiviti dan fisiologi organisma. Relung biologiberbeza yang disebabkanoleh suhu, kelembapan, pendedahan cahaya dan kerpasan boleh memberi kesan kepada populasi nyamuk. Ciri-ciri fiziko-biokimia badan air, termasuk suhu, pH, jumlah pepejal terlarut (TDS), kandungan nitrat, dan paras oksigen terlarut, mempunyai kesan yang ketara ke atas banyaknya larva nyamuk anopheline. Kelimpahan vektor mungkin dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran perumah dan pemangsa semulajadi. Interaksi rumit geografi, tumbuh-tumbuhan hutan, kepadatan vektor malaria, dan tingkah laku mempunyai pengaruh besar ke atas dinamik penularan malaria. Penebangan hutan mengubah landskap dan ekosistem serpihan, yang mempunyai kesan besar ke atas habitat larva vektor Plasmodium. Perubahan iklim menimbulkan ancaman besar kepada kelimpahan vektor malaria dan dinamik penghantaran.KesimpulanTerdapat banyak aspek kepada interaksi kompleks antara persekitaran hutan dan penyebaran malaria,memerlukan pengetahuan yang mendalam dan lebih banyak penyiasatan. Kerjasama antara ahli ekologi, entomologi dan pakar kesihatan awam adalah penting dalam menghasilkan model komprehensif yang meramalkan risiko malaria dengan tepat dalam persekitaran yang berubah-ubah

Gender Identities and Orientations: Demographic Change and the Health Effects They Experience Introduction LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) refers to a diverse group of people who have different sexual orientations and gender identities. In population structure, LGBT individuals are considered a minority group because they represent a smaller percentage of the population, estimated at between 2% and 10% in the world compared to heterosexual individuals. Our objective in this paper is to highlight the demographic shifts associated with the increasing visibility and recognition of the LGBT community, while also examining the broader implications of these shifts on public health outcomes. Methods This brief communication review was based on a literature search conducted from four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. All articles published from 2012 to 2024 were accounted for by using keywords such as “LGBT”, “gay”, “transgender”, “bisexual” “population changes”, “population dynamic”, “population shift”, “demographic shift”, “demographic changes”. Results The extracted evidence from the literature was then formulated into 2 main focus areas: Population Dynamics Implications and Public Health Impact. Conclusions The health disparities faced by the LGBT community stem from stigma and discrimination, impacting their overall well-being. As the LGBT population grows, it will affect population dynamics by reducing growth rates, increasing migration to more inclusive countries, and raising mortality rates from related diseases. Addressing these challenges requires improved access to healthcare, including HIV and cancer screenings, gender-affirming therapy, and PrEP.