OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanism of alisol B 23-acetate on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. METHODS Fifty male Kunming mice were divided into the blank group， model group， and alisol B 23-acetate low-， medium- and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant drug solution or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 2 consecutive weeks. On the 15th day， mice in the blank group were given normal saline intragastrically， while the other four groups were given 12 mL/kg white wine intragastrically， twice at six-hour intervals， to establish an acute alcoholic liver injury model. On the 16th day of the experiment， the liver indexes of mice in each group were calculated； the serum levels of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） were also determined. The histopathological morphology of their liver tissues was observed and scored. The protein expressions of cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and NAD（P）H： quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） were measured in liver tissue. RESULTS Compared with model group， mice in each dosage group of alisol B 23-acetate showed varying degrees of recovery in body weight， along with improvements in pathological changes in liver tissues such as inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty vacu oles. Their liver indexes， histopathological scores of liver tissue， serum levels of ALT， AST， TC， TG and MDA， as well as the protein expressions of CYP2E1 and Keap1 in liver tissue， were all significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）. The serum GSH levels and the protein expressions of Nrf2 （except for the alisol B 23-acetate low-dose group） and NQO1 in liver tissue were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）， and the changes in the above quantitative indicators showed a dose-dependent pattern. CONCLUSIONS Alisol B 23-acetate can ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury in mice， and its mechanism may be related to improving antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 signaling pathway while simultaneously improving liver lipid metabolism-related indexes.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of epicardial adipose tissue （EAT） parameters for microvascular obstruction （MVO） formation in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） using cardiac magnetic resonance quantification. MethodsA total of 139 STEMI patients were included in this study， and various parameters such as EAT thickness， volume， and mass index were measured utilizing cardiac magnetic resonance. All included patients were divided into MVO group and non-MVO group according to whether MVO occurred. Differences in EAT related parameters between two groups were compared and correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between quantitative indicators of EAT and indicators such as infarct size and ejection fraction. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relevant risk factors for MVO formation. Receiver Operating Characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of the epicardial adipose tissue （EAT） quality index and other indicators for the occurrence of MVO. ResultsCompared with non MVO group， patients in MVO group presented with higher peak troponin T levels， increase of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio （NLR） and C-reactive protein （CRP）， larger infarct size and compromised left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） （P<0.05）. Total EAT volume， EAT mass index， left atrioventricular EAT volume， left atrioventricular EAT mass index and thickness of EAT in the left atrioventricular groove were significantly higher in patients with MVO. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NLR， peak troponin T levels and left atrioventricular EAT mass index were independent predictors of MVO. The ROC curve suggested that the left atrioventricular EAT mass index had the highest predictive power for MVO formation in STEMI patients. ConclusionThe parameters of EAT quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance serve as imaging biomarkers for predicting MVO formation in STEMI patients. These metrics enable risk stratification post-myocardial infarction and facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals， thereby supporting personalized therapeutic decision-making.

ObjectiveTo construct and validate a predictive model for hepatic encephalopathy （HE） in patients with end-stage liver disease （ESLD） by combining key indicators such as cytokines and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， and to provide evidence-based support for the early identification of high-risk populations and the optimization of intervention strategies in clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 2 167 patients with ESLD who were admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2022 to December 2024， the patients were divided into a training set with 1 517 patients and a validation set with 650 patients at a ratio of 7∶3 using the stratified random sampling method. A univariate analysis and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression analysis were performed for the training set to identify potential influencing variables， and then a binary Logistic regression model was constructed to investigate the independent influencing factors for HE in ESLD patients. A nomogram prediction model was established based on this regression model， and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， calibration curves， decision curve analysis， and clinical impact curve were used to comprehensively evaluate the degree of fit， accuracy， consistency， and clinical practicability of the predictive model derived from the training set. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed quantitative data between two groups. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsThe univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the study group and the control group in age， sex， blood ammonia， lymphocytes， hemoglobin， platelet count， prothrombin time， fibrinogen， international normalized ratio， total bilirubin， aspartate aminotransferase， total protein， albumin， prealbumin， alkaline phosphatase， cholinesterase， total bile acid， triglyceride， total cholesterol， high-density lipoprotein， low-density lipoprotein， blood glucose， CD3⁺ T cells， CD4⁺ T cells， CD8⁺ T cells， high-sensitivity C-reactive protein， carcinoembryonic antigen， triiodothyronine， thyroxine， free triiodothyronine， free thyroxine， interleukin-1β， interleukin-5， interleukin-6， interleukin-8， interleukin-12p70， interleukin-17， interferon-γ， and MELD score （all P<0.05）. The LASSO regression analysis identified nine variables of age， blood ammonia， albumin， prealbumin， cholinesterase， total cholesterol， thyroxine， interleukin-17， and MELD score， and the binary Logistic regression analysis showed that blood ammonia， interleukin-17， and MELD score were independent risk factors for HE in ESLD patients， while age and thyroxine were independent protective factors （all P<0.05）. A nomogram model was constructed based on these five variables. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test in the training set showed a good degree of fit （P=0.207）， with a McFadden’s pseudo-R² of 0.184， suggesting that the model had acceptable explanatory power； the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test in the internal validation set further confirmed the calibration stability of the model （P=0.067）， suggesting that the model had a good degree of fit in independent data. The model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.784 in the validation set， with a sensitivity of 0.710 and a specificity of 0.752. The mean absolute error of the calibration curve was 0.067， and decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram model had positive net benefit and good clinical practicability. ConclusionThe nomogram model constructed based on age， blood ammonia， thyroxine， interleukin-17， and MELD score for predicting HE in patients with ESLD has a good degree of fit， high accuracy and consistency， and excellent clinical practicability.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. As the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, researchers have shown keen interest in the active components found in natural plants and their neuroprotective effects against AD. Quercetin, a flavonol widely present in fruits and vegetables, has multiple biological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the antioxidant properties of quercetin are essential for its neuroprotective function. Quercetin can modulate multiple signaling pathways related to AD, such as Nrf2-ARE, JNK, p38 MAPK, PON2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC, all of which are closely related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin is capable of inhibiting the aggregation of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and the phosphorylation of tau protein, as well as the activity of β‑secretase 1 and acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the progression of the disease.The review also provides insights into the pharmacokinetic properties of quercetin, including its absorption, metabolism, and excretion, as well as its bioavailability challenges and clinical applications. To improve the bioavailability and enhance the targeting of quercetin, the potential of quercetin nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of AD is also discussed. In summary, the multifaceted mechanisms of quercetin against AD provide a new perspective for drug development. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires overcoming current limitations and ongoing research. In this way, its therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD can be fully utilized.

BACKGROUND:Lijin manipulation can promote skeletal muscle repair and treat skeletal muscle injury.However,the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia are closely related to the quality of skeletal muscle repair.To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia is helpful to explain the related mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese large-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group,with 15 rats in each group.Gastrocnemius strike modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group.The Lijin group began to intervene with tendon manipulation on the 3rd day after modeling,once a day,and 15 minutes at a time.Five animals in each group were killed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The morphology and inflammatory cell count of gastrocnemius were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the collagen fiber amount was observed by Masson staining,the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius was detected by ELISA.The protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin,alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by western blot and RT-PCR,respectively,and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber content decreased in the Lijin group(P<0.01),and the muscle fibers gradually healed.ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),and the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling(P<0.05)and then showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin in the Lijin group were significantly increased on the 14th day after modeling(P<0.05),but decreased on the 21st day(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expressions of alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group were significantly decreased compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation could improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury by inhibiting inflammation,promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells,and reducing fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of noninvasive imaging detection （FibroScan）， two serological models of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio （GPR） score and S index， and two inflammatory factors of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in predicting liver fibrosis in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B （CHB）， as well as the consistency of liver biopsy in pathological staging， and to provide early warning for early intervention of CHB. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 131 HBeAg-positive CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy in The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2019 to December 2023. The results of liver biopsy were collected from all patients， and related examinations were performed before liver biopsy， including total bilirubin， alanine aminotransferase， platelet count， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， albumin， IL-6， TNF-α， liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， and abdominal ultrasound. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A Kappa analysis was used to investigate the consistency between LSM noninvasive histological staging and pathological staging based on liver biopsy， and the Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between each variable and FibroScan in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis stage. The Logistic regression analysis was used to construct joint predictive factors. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the value of each indicator alone and the joint predictive model in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis， and the Delong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. ResultsIn the consistency check， inflammation degree based on liver biopsy had a Kappa value of 0.807 （P<0.001）， and liver fibrosis degree based on liver biopsy had a Kappa value of 0.827 （P<0.001）， suggesting that FibroScan noninvasive histological staging and liver biopsy showed good consistency in assessing inflammation degree and liver fibrosis stage. Age was positively correlated with LSM， GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α （all P<0.05）， and GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α were positively correlated with LSM （all P<0.05）. GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α were all independent risk factors for diagnosing significant liver fibrosis （≥S2） and progressive liver fibrosis （≥S3） （all P<0.05）. As for each indicator alone， GPR score had the highest value in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis （≥S2）， followed by S index， IL-6， and TNF-α， while S index had the highest value in the diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis （≥S3）， followed by GPR score， TNF-α， and IL-6. The joint model had a higher predictive value than each indicator alone （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThere is a good consistency between FibroScan noninvasive histological staging and pathological staging based on liver biopsy. GPR score， S index， IL-6， and TNF-α are independent risk factors for evaluating different degree of liver fibrosis in CHB， and the combined prediction model established by them can better diagnose liver fibrosis.

The integration of science and education is not only an important strategy for promoting social progress and technological development,but also a modern form of higher education aiming at cultivating innovative talents.Conducting scientific research training for undergraduate medical students is one of the important ways to cultivate their innovative abilities and comprehensive qualities.Our team proposed a"teaching,science,and ideology trinity"teaching model to comprehensively cultivate students' scientific research comprehensive abilities under the value orientation of ideological and political education by or-ganically integrating molecular biology experimental teaching with the scientific research training of under-graduate medical students.In this teaching activity,taking the experiment of gene polymorphism as an example,our team selected students with research potential from the whole grade and divided them into 4 project groups that were instructed by 4 teachers.The students were trained in the whole process of scien-tific research,including topic selection,project writing,experimental designing,application for research ethics,and project summary.Our team has always adhered to student-contentedness of educational con-cepts to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation throughout the teaching process.Students are the design-ers and implementers of the project,and teachers are only guides and promoters of learning.After this training,students not only became familiar with the writing and implementation of scientific research pro-jects,but also improved their literature reading,experimental designing,experimental skills,and prob-lem-solving abilities.More importantly,this teaching activity also cultivated students' awareness of re-search ethics and academic moral standards.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ciprofol on intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing bronchoscopy procedures.Methods:In this randomized controlled study, 112 adult patients of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, with a body mass index of 19.8-28.3 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with estimated operation time of ≥1 h, undergoing elective bronchoscopy procedures, were assigned to one of two groups ( n=56 each) using a random number table method: ciprofol group (C group) and propofol group (P group). All the patients received total intravenous anesthesia. The induction dose of ciprofol was 0.1-0.3 mg/kg, and the maintenance dose was 0.4-1.2 mg·kg -1·h -1 in group C. The induction dose of propofol was 1-3 mg/kg, and the maintenance dose was 4-12 mg·kg -1·h -1 in group P. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypotension, and the secondary outcomes were the time of emergence from anesthesia, sleep quality, patients′ and surgeons′ satisfaction with anesthesia, and the incidence of complications within 30 days after surgery. Results:Compared with group P, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was significantly decreased, and the time of emergence from anesthesia was shortened in group C ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in secondary outcomes between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Ciprofol is superior to propofol in reducing the risk of intraoperative hypotension and facilitates a more rapid emergence from anesthesia in patients undergoing bronchoscopy procedures.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of the Rain Classroom teaching model in the Functional Experiment Science.Methods:A total of 61 clinical medicine students from grade 2021 at a medical college were enrolled and divided into the control group(n=30)who received traditional experimental teaching,and the experimental group(n=31)who was taught using the Rain Classroom teaching model.Ultimately,the outcomes compared between the two groups included scores of experimental assignments,satisfaction with the teaching model,and the experimental group's supporting rate for the Rain Classroom teaching mode.Results:The experimental score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,58.06%(18/31)of the experimental group supported the Rain Classroom model.Among the experimental group,77.42%(24/31)and 70.97%(22/31)of the students believed that the Rain Classroom teaching mode could enhance the awareness of autonomous learning and the mastery of key and difficult knowledge.Conclusion:Through the Rain Classroom teaching mode,students'experimental grades have been improved,and it also plays a certain role in promoting the enhancement of their self-study ability.