Background: Frailty is a health condition preceding impairment and disease, resulting in vulnerability and risk of poor outcomes. Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome encompassing physical, psychological and cognitive components. Psychological frailty refers to reduced emotional resilience, mood stability, and coping capacity. This paper aims to review the current literature on psychological frailty and mental health outcomes among older adults. Methodology : Four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of science were used to systematically search for studies published between January 2019 and December 2023, that examined the effect of psychological frailty on mental health outcomes in older adults, including depression, anxiety, and overall well -being. Results: There were 154 articles screened, with 7 studies meeting inclusion criteria. All included studies assessed psychological frailty using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), a multidimensional frailty tool with a psychological domain. Psychological frailty, as measured using the TFI, was consistently associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. The psychological domain of the TFI demonstrated moderate internal consistency (Cronbach ’s α = 0.712 -0.797). Conclusion: Psychological frailty is a potential risk factor for the development of adverse mental health outcomes in older adults. The use of validated measures, such as the TFI may improve the identification of psychological frailty for early intervention strategies in both community and medical settings to protect older adults ’ mental health

Background: Frailty is a health condition preceding impairment and disease, resulting in vulnerability and risk of poor outcomes. Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome encompassing physical, psychological and cognitive components. Psychological frailty refers to reduced emotional resilience, mood stability, and coping capacity. This paper aims to review the current literature on psychological frailty and mental health outcomes among older adults. Methodology : Four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of science were used to systematically search for studies published between January 2019 and December 2023, that examined the effect of psychological frailty on mental health outcomes in older adults, including depression, anxiety, and overall well -being. Results: There were 154 articles screened, with 7 studies meeting inclusion criteria. All included studies assessed psychological frailty using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), a multidimensional frailty tool with a psychological domain. Psychological frailty, as measured using the TFI, was consistently associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. The psychological domain of the TFI demonstrated moderate internal consistency (Cronbach ’s α = 0.712 -0.797). Conclusion: Psychological frailty is a potential risk factor for the development of adverse mental health outcomes in older adults. The use of validated measures, such as the TFI may improve the identification of psychological frailty for early intervention strategies in both community and medical settings to protect older adults ’ mental health

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes.Purpose: To investigate the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms. Methods: This comparative case-control studywas conducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between August 2022 and September 2023. The children were divided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children). Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were considerably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001). Conclusion IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes.Purpose: To investigate the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms. Methods: This comparative case-control studywas conducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between August 2022 and September 2023. The children were divided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children). Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were considerably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001). Conclusion IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes.Purpose: To investigate the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms. Methods: This comparative case-control studywas conducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between August 2022 and September 2023. The children were divided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children). Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were considerably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001). Conclusion IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes.Purpose: To investigate the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms. Methods: This comparative case-control studywas conducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between August 2022 and September 2023. The children were divided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children). Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were considerably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001). Conclusion IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the feasibility and implications of Ramadan fasting for patients who have undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), assessing impacts on hydration, nutrient intake, weight management, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: A prospective online survey was conducted among 218 LSG patients and 83 control individuals with obesity who had not undergone surgery. Participants were surveyed before and after Ramadan, providing data on fasting practices, hunger and satiety levels, fluid and nutrient intake, and the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Statistical analysis was used to compare outcomes between fasting and non-fasting periods and between LSG patients and control participants. Results: A total of 70.2% of LSG patients completed the entire month of Ramadan fasting, with a significant correlation found between the duration post-surgery and the ability to fast. Fasting LSG patients reported decreased hunger, increased satiety, and significant reductions in fluid and nutrient intake during Ramadan. Weight loss was reported in 90.8% of fasting patients, with an average total weight loss of 7.2%. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mild and manageable. Conclusion The majority of LSG patients can successfully fast during Ramadan with appropriate precautions, including adequate fluid and protein intake. The study highlights the need for patient education and tailored nutritional guidance to ensure safe and effective fasting post-LSG. In order to fast for the entire month, patients may be advised to consider postponing surgery for a few months after Ramadan, avoid overeating during non-fasting hours, and ensure sufficient fluid consumption and protein intake during fasting.