Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean short version of the Perspectives on Caring for Older Patients (PCOP) scale. Methods: The PCOP scale was translated from English to Korean through forward and backward translation. The participants were 313 nurses and nursing students in U & D cities. The construct reliability and validity of the Korean short version of the PCOP scale were analyzed using item analysis as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and in terms of internal consistency using SPSS and AMOS 23.0. Results: The final scale consisted of eight items and two factors that were found to explain 65.9% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Korean short version of the PCOP scale satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters. Cronbach’s ⍺ for this scale was .78. Conclusion The findings show that the Korean short version of the PCOP scale is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the perspectives of nurses and student nurses in Korea in terms of caring for older patients. However, further research is needed to test the content validity and criterion-related validity of the scale.

Background: In Korea, the safety culture is led by national policy. How the policy ensures a patient safety culture needs to be investigated. This study aimed to examine the way in which physicians and nurses regard, understand, or interpret the patient safety-related policy in the hospital setting. Methods: In this qualitative study, we conducted four focus group interviews (FGIs) with 25 physicians and nurses from tertiary and general hospitals in South Korea. FGIs data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which was conducted in an inductive and interpretative way. Results: Three themes were identified. The healthcare providers recognized its benefits in the forms of knowledge, information and training at least although the policy implemented by the law forcibly and temporarily. The second theme was about the interaction of the policy and the Korean context of healthcare, which makes a “turning point” in the safety culture.The final theme was about some strains and conflicts resulting from patient safety policy. Conclusion To provide a patient safety culture, it is necessary to develop a plan to improve the voluntary participation of healthcare professionals and their commitment to safety.Hospitals should provide more resources and support for healthcare professionals.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the influencing factors for job satisfaction among forensic psychiatric nurses.
Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 90 forensic psychiatric nurses from a national forensic psychiatric institution. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS statistics 23.0 program.
Results: Significant influencing factors for job satisfaction were administration (β=-.29, p<.001), role conflict as a profession (β=-.32, p=.004), conflict with the supervisor (β=-.34, p=.002), and psychological burnout (β=-.33, p=.004). These factors explained 57.0% of job satisfaction.
Conclusion These findings indicate that strategies to reduce job stress and burnout should be developed to improve job satisfaction among forensic psychiatric nurses.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the influencing factors for job satisfaction among forensic psychiatric nurses.
Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 90 forensic psychiatric nurses from a national forensic psychiatric institution. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS statistics 23.0 program.
Results: Significant influencing factors for job satisfaction were administration (β=-.29, p<.001), role conflict as a profession (β=-.32, p=.004), conflict with the supervisor (β=-.34, p=.002), and psychological burnout (β=-.33, p=.004). These factors explained 57.0% of job satisfaction.
Conclusion These findings indicate that strategies to reduce job stress and burnout should be developed to improve job satisfaction among forensic psychiatric nurses.

DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) has been commonly used as a weight loss aid; in particular, it has been used by body builders to achieve significant fat loss while maintaining muscle mass. The sale of DNP was banned due to some cases of fatal poisoning. We describe an autopsy case of a 39-year-old man who died from taking DNP to treat obesity. He was 183 cm tall and weighed 101 kg (body mass index of 31). External examination did not reveal any specific findings implicating the cause of death. Gross examination revealed that the heart weight was 450 g, and there were no significant findings in the coronary arteries and myocardium, except for a few petechiae of the epicardium. The DNP concentration in the subject’s blood was 38.28 mg/L. According to references, a DNP blood concentration of 28 mg/L or higher would result in death. Therefore, the cause of death in this autopsy case was DNP toxicity.

Natural killer (NK) cells play have a crucial role in the early phase of immune responses against various pathogens. We compared characteristics of canine NK cells against two canine mammary carcinoma cell lines, REM134 and CF41.Mg. REM134 showed higher expression of progesterone receptor, proliferative cell nuclear antigen, Ki67, multiple drug resistance, Bmi-1, c-myc, E-cadherin, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 than that of CF41.Mg. For specific expansion and activation of NK cells, we isolated CD5 negative cells from canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and co-cultured K562 cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, and IL-21 for 21 days. As a result, we found that expression markers of activated NK cells such as NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, CD244, perforin, granzyme B, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were highly upregulated. In addition, we found there was upregulated production of interferon gamma of activated NK cells against target cells such as REM134 and CF41.Mg.Specifically, we observed that cytotoxicity of NK cells against target cells was more sensitively reacted to CF41.Mg than REM134. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the development of an experimental application of CF41Mg, which has not been reported in canine mammary carcinoma research.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Communication Behavior Scale for nurses caring for people with Dementia (CBS-D). METHODS: Based on communication accommodation theory, the initial items were generated through a literature review and interviews with 20 experts. Content and face validity of the initial items were assessed. Data from 486 nurses caring for people with dementia were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS: The final scale consisted of 18 items and four factors (discourse response management, interpersonal control, emotional expression, and interpretability) that explained 57.6% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical model with 18 items satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters. Criterion-related validity was shown by the Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (r=.506, p < .001). Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was .88. CONCLUSION The CBS-D can be used to measure the communication behavior of nurses caring for people with dementia.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Communication Behavior Scale for nurses caring for people with Dementia (CBS-D). METHODS: Based on communication accommodation theory, the initial items were generated through a literature review and interviews with 20 experts. Content and face validity of the initial items were assessed. Data from 486 nurses caring for people with dementia were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS: The final scale consisted of 18 items and four factors (discourse response management, interpersonal control, emotional expression, and interpretability) that explained 57.6% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical model with 18 items satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters. Criterion-related validity was shown by the Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (r=.506, p < .001). Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was .88. CONCLUSION: The CBS-D can be used to measure the communication behavior of nurses caring for people with dementia.
Dementia ; Mental Competency ; Models, Theoretical ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: BioPATH is a non-interventional study evaluating the relationship of molecular biomarkers (PTEN deletion/downregulation, PIK3CA mutation, truncated HER2 receptor [p95HER2], and tumor HER2 mRNA levels) to treatment responses in Asian patients with HER2+ advanced breast cancer treated with lapatinib and other HER2-targeted agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Asian HER2+ breast cancer patients (n=154) who were candidates for lapatinib-based treatment following metastasis and having an available primary tumor biopsy specimen were included. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, overall survival on lapatinib, correlation between biomarker status and PFS for any previous trastuzumab-based treatment, and conversion/conservation rates of the biomarker status between tissue samples collected at primary diagnosis and at recurrence/metastasis. Potential relationships between tumor mRNA levels of HER2 and response to lapatinib-based therapy were also explored. RESULTS: p95HER2, PTEN deletion/downregulation, and PIK3CA mutation did not demonstrate any significant co-occurrence pattern and were not predictive of clinical outcomes on either lapatinib-based treatment or any previous trastuzumab-based therapy in the metastatic setting. Proportions of tumors positive for p95HER2 expression, PIK3CA mutation, and PTEN deletion/down-regulation at primary diagnosis were 32%, 31.2%, and 56.2%, respectively. Despite limited availability of paired samples, biomarker status patterns were conserved in most samples. HER2 mRNA levels were not predictive of PFS on lapatinib. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of p95HER2 expression, PIK3CA mutation, and PTEN deletion/downregulation at primary diagnosis were similar to previous reports. Importantly, no difference was observed in clinical outcome based on the status of these biomarkers, consistent with reports from other studies.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prevalence ; RNA, Messenger ; Trastuzumab

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate associations of spiritual well-being, attitude toward death, and quality of life among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). METHODS: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in design. The data was collected from August to September 2018 with 133 AA members drawn from two provinces of South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Turkey tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The existential spiritual well-being (β=.52, p<.001), attitude toward death (β=.24, p<.001), dual diagnosis (β=−.17, p=.003), occupation (β=.12, p=.035) of the participants were significant factors, which explained 63.7% of the variance of quality of life. CONCLUSION: The study findings highlight the need to develop psychological nursing strategies to enhance the spiritual well-being and improve a positive attitude toward death based on the job and dual diagnosis among AA members to improve their better quality of life.
Alcohol-Related Disorders ; Alcoholics Anonymous ; Alcoholics ; Attitude to Death ; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Spirituality ; Turkey