Purpose: To evaluate several hybrid multi-element configurations to enhance B1+ effi-ciency, defined as the transmit magnetic field generated by the radiofrequency (RF) coil normalized by the net input power, and spatial coverage for 10.5 tesla (T) human brain imaging. Materials and Methods: Finite-difference time-domain simulations were performed using an anatomically detailed human head model to assess circularly polarized B1+ fieldsgenerated by 8-channel loop, dipole antenna, and monopole and dipole hybrid antenna (MDH) arrays. These baseline designs were extended to 16-channel arrays combining loops with dipole antennas or MDHs and to interleaved MDH-based arrays incorporating axially displaced dipole or monopole antennas. Results: The 8-channel MDH array yielded the highest central B1+ efficiency, exceedingloop and dipole antenna arrays by 38.5% and 33.3%, respectively, but peripheral coverage remained limited. The 16-channel loop + dipole antenna and loop + MDH arrays improved overall B1+ efficiency by up to 28.9% relative to their 8-channel counterparts.Interleaved combined structure arrays further enhanced peripheral excitation and superior–inferior coverage, with the T-shaped monopole antenna + MDH configuration achieving a high central efficiency. Conclusion MDH-centered combined structure arrays effectively balance deep-field efficiency and peripheral coverage at 10.5 T. Interleaving monopole antenna-type elements beneath MDHs provides additional improvement and represents a promising design pathway for achieving more uniform excitation in 10.5 T brain imaging.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Objectives: . Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is a complex condition that manifests in various forms, including Schuknecht type B stenosis, which is characterized by a congenitally narrow bony external auditory canal (EAC). This study aims to evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. Methods: . The study included 21 ears diagnosed with Schuknecht type B CAA, all of which underwent canal-tympanoplasty. Reconstruction of the large EAC and tympanic membrane involved conchal flap meatoplasty, bony EAC drilling, ossicular reconstruction, and overlay tympanoplasty. Standard pure-tone audiometry was analyzed at multiple post-surgery time points: 3, 6, 12, and 24–60 months. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications was assessed. Results: . The hearing outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in this case series were satisfactory. Serviceable hearing was achieved in all patients after 3 months and was maintained in 85% of patients for 1 year. The air-bone gap improved from a preoperative average of 39.3±15.1 dB to 13.7±7.4 dB at 3 months, 16.4±10.5 dB at 6 months, 19.1±11.7 dB at 12 months, and 21.5±16.1 dB at 2–5 years postoperatively. Three patients required revision canal-tympanoplasty due to hearing deterioration, representing 14.3% of the cases. There were no instances of postoperative infection, facial nerve weakness, vertigo, deterioration of bone conduction thresholds, or complete restenosis of the EAC. Conclusion . Canal-tympanoplasty proved to be a satisfactory surgical intervention for patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. This procedure led to significant improvements in hearing outcomes, providing serviceable hearing that lasted for several years. Moreover, the risk of postoperative hearing deterioration and/or the need for revision surgery within 1 year was considered acceptable.

Objectives: . Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is a complex condition that manifests in various forms, including Schuknecht type B stenosis, which is characterized by a congenitally narrow bony external auditory canal (EAC). This study aims to evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. Methods: . The study included 21 ears diagnosed with Schuknecht type B CAA, all of which underwent canal-tympanoplasty. Reconstruction of the large EAC and tympanic membrane involved conchal flap meatoplasty, bony EAC drilling, ossicular reconstruction, and overlay tympanoplasty. Standard pure-tone audiometry was analyzed at multiple post-surgery time points: 3, 6, 12, and 24–60 months. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications was assessed. Results: . The hearing outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in this case series were satisfactory. Serviceable hearing was achieved in all patients after 3 months and was maintained in 85% of patients for 1 year. The air-bone gap improved from a preoperative average of 39.3±15.1 dB to 13.7±7.4 dB at 3 months, 16.4±10.5 dB at 6 months, 19.1±11.7 dB at 12 months, and 21.5±16.1 dB at 2–5 years postoperatively. Three patients required revision canal-tympanoplasty due to hearing deterioration, representing 14.3% of the cases. There were no instances of postoperative infection, facial nerve weakness, vertigo, deterioration of bone conduction thresholds, or complete restenosis of the EAC. Conclusion . Canal-tympanoplasty proved to be a satisfactory surgical intervention for patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. This procedure led to significant improvements in hearing outcomes, providing serviceable hearing that lasted for several years. Moreover, the risk of postoperative hearing deterioration and/or the need for revision surgery within 1 year was considered acceptable.

Chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity is a significant concern in pediatric patients with cancer, particularly those treated with platinum-based agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. This study reviewed its prevalence, risk factors, early diagnosis, and management strategies. A literature review was conducted to assess the effects of ototoxic chemotherapy, screening methods, and treatment approaches. Various grading scales and rehabilitation strategies were analyzed. Platinum-based chemotherapy causes ototoxic hearing loss in approximately 100% of cases, including high-frequency and delayed-onset losses. Younger age, higher cumulative dose, and cranial irradiation increased the risk. Screening adherence remains suboptimal, despite guidelines recommending early detection through high-frequency audiometry. Sodium thiosulfate may reduce ototoxicity in nonmetastatic cases. If appropriate, hearing aids and cochlear implants can support communication and language development. Ototoxic hearing loss is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed, complication of pediatric cancer treatment. Standardized screening, otoprotective strategies, and early rehabilitation are essential to minimize their impact on language and quality of life. Greater awareness and national guidelines are required to improve the care of pediatric cancer survivors.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity is a significant concern in pediatric patients with cancer, particularly those treated with platinum-based agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. This study reviewed its prevalence, risk factors, early diagnosis, and management strategies. A literature review was conducted to assess the effects of ototoxic chemotherapy, screening methods, and treatment approaches. Various grading scales and rehabilitation strategies were analyzed. Platinum-based chemotherapy causes ototoxic hearing loss in approximately 100% of cases, including high-frequency and delayed-onset losses. Younger age, higher cumulative dose, and cranial irradiation increased the risk. Screening adherence remains suboptimal, despite guidelines recommending early detection through high-frequency audiometry. Sodium thiosulfate may reduce ototoxicity in nonmetastatic cases. If appropriate, hearing aids and cochlear implants can support communication and language development. Ototoxic hearing loss is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed, complication of pediatric cancer treatment. Standardized screening, otoprotective strategies, and early rehabilitation are essential to minimize their impact on language and quality of life. Greater awareness and national guidelines are required to improve the care of pediatric cancer survivors.

Objectives: . Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is a complex condition that manifests in various forms, including Schuknecht type B stenosis, which is characterized by a congenitally narrow bony external auditory canal (EAC). This study aims to evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. Methods: . The study included 21 ears diagnosed with Schuknecht type B CAA, all of which underwent canal-tympanoplasty. Reconstruction of the large EAC and tympanic membrane involved conchal flap meatoplasty, bony EAC drilling, ossicular reconstruction, and overlay tympanoplasty. Standard pure-tone audiometry was analyzed at multiple post-surgery time points: 3, 6, 12, and 24–60 months. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications was assessed. Results: . The hearing outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in this case series were satisfactory. Serviceable hearing was achieved in all patients after 3 months and was maintained in 85% of patients for 1 year. The air-bone gap improved from a preoperative average of 39.3±15.1 dB to 13.7±7.4 dB at 3 months, 16.4±10.5 dB at 6 months, 19.1±11.7 dB at 12 months, and 21.5±16.1 dB at 2–5 years postoperatively. Three patients required revision canal-tympanoplasty due to hearing deterioration, representing 14.3% of the cases. There were no instances of postoperative infection, facial nerve weakness, vertigo, deterioration of bone conduction thresholds, or complete restenosis of the EAC. Conclusion . Canal-tympanoplasty proved to be a satisfactory surgical intervention for patients with Schuknecht type B CAA. This procedure led to significant improvements in hearing outcomes, providing serviceable hearing that lasted for several years. Moreover, the risk of postoperative hearing deterioration and/or the need for revision surgery within 1 year was considered acceptable.

Chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity is a significant concern in pediatric patients with cancer, particularly those treated with platinum-based agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. This study reviewed its prevalence, risk factors, early diagnosis, and management strategies. A literature review was conducted to assess the effects of ototoxic chemotherapy, screening methods, and treatment approaches. Various grading scales and rehabilitation strategies were analyzed. Platinum-based chemotherapy causes ototoxic hearing loss in approximately 100% of cases, including high-frequency and delayed-onset losses. Younger age, higher cumulative dose, and cranial irradiation increased the risk. Screening adherence remains suboptimal, despite guidelines recommending early detection through high-frequency audiometry. Sodium thiosulfate may reduce ototoxicity in nonmetastatic cases. If appropriate, hearing aids and cochlear implants can support communication and language development. Ototoxic hearing loss is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed, complication of pediatric cancer treatment. Standardized screening, otoprotective strategies, and early rehabilitation are essential to minimize their impact on language and quality of life. Greater awareness and national guidelines are required to improve the care of pediatric cancer survivors.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.