OBJECTIVES: Papular dermatoses commonly affecting the female vulva, such as molluscum contagiosum, syringoma, lymphangioma, folliculitis, verruca vulgaris, ectopic sebaceous glands, and bowenoid papulosis, often present with similar clinical appearances and are frequently misdiagnosed. This study aims to explore the clinical diagnostic value of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in differentiating these conditions. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on RCM imaging and histopathological findings from lesion sites in 172 female patients with vulval papular dermatoses. RCM characteristics confirmed by biopsy were summarized and diagnostic clues were explored. RESULTS: RCM diagnosis was consistent with histopathological diagnosis in 147 out of 172 cases (85.47%). Molluscum contagiosum, syringoma, lymphangioma, and folliculitis all exhibited cystic-like structures under RCM, differing in the location of the structures, wall characteristics, internal contents, and reflectivity. Verruca vulgaris, ectopic sebaceous glands, and bowenoid papulosis lacked such structures. Verruca vulgaris showed distinctive low-refractive vacuolated cells in the spinous layer; bowenoid papulosis exhibited mild cytologic atypia in the spinous layer; ectopic sebaceous glands were characterized by moderately to low-refractive, fish roe-like sebaceous lobules within the dermis. CONCLUSIONS RCM enables noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic visualization of key diagnostic and differential features of common vulvar papular dermatoses in women, offering high diagnostic value.
Humans ; Female ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Vulvar Diseases/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Child ; Skin Diseases/pathology* ; Molluscum Contagiosum/diagnosis*

Eyelid Diseases ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Facial Dermatoses ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; HIV Infections ; complications ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; complications ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology

PURPOSE: To report the relative frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with benign eyelid tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study of 192 consecutive patients admitted to Korea University Ansan Hospital with benign eyelid tumor between January 2009 and December 2014 was undertaken, and clinical records including age, sex, involved site, and pathology of tumors were reviewed retrospectively. All eyelid tumors were confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS: The sexual distribution revealed 87 males and 105 females with benign eyelid tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.6 +/- 19.2 years. Molluscum contagiosum (5.5 +/- 3.5 years) and pilomatrixoma (14.0 +/- 15.6 years) were generally found in younger individuals, while seborrheic keratosis (60.2 +/- 15.8 years) and squamous cell papilloma (50.5 +/- 13.4 years) occurred predominantly in elderly patients. Tumors were most common on the upper lid (63.0%). The four most frequent subtypes were melanocytic nevus (37.5%), epidermal cyst (8.3%), squamous cell papilloma (5.7%), and seborrheic keratosis (5.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common histopathological diagnosis of benign eyelid tumors was melanocytic nevus. The results of this study provide epidemiological information that will be useful for diagnosis and therapy of such tumors.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Korea ; Male ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Papilloma ; Pathology ; Pilomatrixoma ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Amyloidosis involving the eyelid is a rare condition. We report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis of the eyelid. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old female presented with multiple nodules on the bilateral upper and lower eyelids that had stopped growing several years prior. Multiple pearl-colored small nodular lesions were present on the upper and lower eyelid bilaterally and no clinically specific signs were observed. Surgical excision, biopsy and electrocauterization were performed. Histological examination showed amorphous and eosinophilic substances on hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and orange-colored amyloid deposits stained with Congo-red. Systemic evaluation showed amyloid nodules invading the vocal cords and external auditory canal, therefore the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic amylodosis. At the postoperative 6-month follow-up, recurrence or inflammation at the operation site was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary systemic amyloidosis of the eyelid in Korea. Amyloidosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of a mass in the eyelid and can be successfully managed with surgical excision and electrocauterization.
Adult ; Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Canal ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eosinophils ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords

BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum is a commom benign viral disease of the skin characterized by discrete, 2-5 mm, flesh colored, slightly umbilicated, dome-shaped papules with frequent grouping. But atypical presentation of site, number and size is recently not rare, it may give rise to difficulty in diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of various atypical molluscum contagiosa. METHODS: We reviewed medical records, clinical photographs, and histopathologic findings in biopsy specimens of 17 patients with molluscum contagiosa diagnosed at Korea Veterans Hospital from January 1990 to June 2001. The ratio of male to female patients was 3:1, and the mean age at diagnosis was 30 years(range: 3-67). RESULTS: 1. Most commonly involved sites were trunk(80%), extremities(30%), and perianal(12%). 2. The duration of the lesion is 15 days to 3 years. 3. The size of lesion is 2 mm to 50 mm. 4. The number of lesions is one to over a hundred. 5. The clinical features were multiple papules without umbilication(9 cases, 53%) and giant tumor(2 case), pyogenic granuloma-like lesion(2 cases), solitary papule with flat surface(2 cases). 6. The combined disease are atopic dermatitis(1 case), epidermal cyst(1 case), and liver cirrhosis(1 case), diabetes mellitus(1 cases). CONCLUSION: This study shows various atypical molluscum contagiosa in immunocompetent patients. Histopathological examination in atypical molluscum contagiosa is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Medical Records ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Skin ; Virus Diseases

Classical molluscum contagiosum can be easily diagnosed from clinical examination because of the characteristic cutaneous lesions of umbilicated papules. However, when it occurs as a single growth with atypical presentation, especially on an unusual site, this common disease may give rise to difficulty in diagnosis. Thus, at times histopathological examination is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment. We herein describe 5 patients with this solitary molluscum contagiosum, clinically mistaken but histopathologically proven.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Molluscum Contagiosum*