Objective:To develop and validate a Self-care Ability Scale for Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Guided by Orem's self-care theory, the initial item pool of the scale was developed through a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. The initial scale was finalized after two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 418 MHD patients using AVF in January 2024 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another 293 MHD patients using AVF were recruited in March 2024 for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:The self-care ability scale for AVF in MHD patients included four dimensions: knowledge and skills of AVF self-care, willingness and attitude toward AVF self-care, recognition and prevention of AVF complications, and patient self-adjustment and adaptation, comprising 38 items. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 84.706%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, strong convergent validity, and ideal discriminant validity. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.987; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.902, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.979.Conclusions:The Self-care Ability Scale for AVF in MHD patients demonstrates excellent reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for assessing patients' ability to self-care for their AVF.

Objective:To develop and validate a Self-care Ability Scale for Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Guided by Orem's self-care theory, the initial item pool of the scale was developed through a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. The initial scale was finalized after two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 418 MHD patients using AVF in January 2024 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another 293 MHD patients using AVF were recruited in March 2024 for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:The self-care ability scale for AVF in MHD patients included four dimensions: knowledge and skills of AVF self-care, willingness and attitude toward AVF self-care, recognition and prevention of AVF complications, and patient self-adjustment and adaptation, comprising 38 items. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 84.706%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, strong convergent validity, and ideal discriminant validity. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.987; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.902, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.979.Conclusions:The Self-care Ability Scale for AVF in MHD patients demonstrates excellent reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for assessing patients' ability to self-care for their AVF.

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health and family environment in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 100 heart disease patients had been chosen as samples to evaluate mental health by symptom checklist (SCL-90) and compare with norm. According to the result of evaluation, all samples were divided into mental health group and mental ill health group and investigated by family environmental scale ( FES) in Chinese version. Results The scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, psychotic in patients with coronary heart disease were significantly higher than that in the normal group ( P < 0. 05). There were 60 patients with psychological unhealthy, and 40 cases with psychological health. The scores of intimacy, the emotional expression, independence, success, entertaining scores, years of the education and income in psychological unhealthy group were significantly lower than these in the mental health group ( P < 0. 05). There were negatively correlated between somatization and intimacy, the emotional expression (P < 0. 05). The same trend presented between interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and intimacy, the emotional expression, independence, success, entertaining, years of the education and income ( P < 0. 05), but showed a positively correlation between interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and people without spouse ( P < 0. 05). There were negatively correlated between hostile, terror, psychoticism and intimacy, the emotional expression, independence, success, years of the education (P < 0. 05). Conclusions A variety of factors in the family environment can affect the mental health of patients with coronary heart disease. We can actively improve the relevant factors to promote patients with coronary heart disease to keep good mental state, so as to contribute to the stability of disease and recovery.