Purpose: Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), while effective in reducing cancer recurrence and improving survival rates, often comes with radiation toxicity that can adversely affect the patient’s quality of life (QoL). Evaluating toxicity after RT is crucial because it helps to identify and manage adverse effects that can significantly impact a patient’s QoL. By monitoring toxicity, we can adjust treatment plans to mitigate these effects, improve patient comfort, and ensure a better overall outcome. Therefore this study aimed to evaluate and compare QoL following 3D-conformal hypofractionated RT in breast cancer patients. Methods: We included twenty-one Malaysian women with unilateral breast cancer treated with lumpectomy (n=15) or mastectomy (n=6) followed by 3D-conformal hypofractionated RT. QoL was evaluated using the EORTC QLQ-BR45 questionnaire before, during, and after RT. Results: During RT, there was a significant increase in the mean score of the breast symptoms scale compared to baseline (p=0.002), with the most common symptoms being skin problems, followed by swelling and oversensitivity. However, these symptoms were generally mild for most patients. The other quality of life scales remained stable during RT. Post-RT, most QoL scales showed improvements compared to both baseline and during RT, with significant enhancements in the mean breast symptoms score and breast satisfaction score (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Radiotherapy negatively impacted the QoL of our breast cancer patients, specifically on the breast symptoms scale. However, these symptoms improved after 4 months, resulting in high breast satisfaction and indicating a near-excellent cosmetic outcome. Future studies with larger cohorts are essential to validate these findings, as the small sample size (n=21 at baseline; n=13 post-RT) may have limited the detection of more subtle changes

INTRODUCTION: In the clinical setting, erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant issue that should not be neglected, as it can adversely impact the quality of life of patients and their partners, especially among overweight and obese populations. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among non-diabetic, overweight, and obese patients who attend a government health clinic in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A six-month cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to August 2024 at twelve health clinics in Kuantan, Pahang. The selected respondents were married men over 18 years old, and those with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric illness, or illiteracy were excluded. Data were collected using the validated Malay version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). ED was defined as an IIEF-5 score of less than 22. Descriptive analysis and simple and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: All 221 eligible patients in the study responded (100% response rate). The prevalence of ED was 66.1% (n=146). Multiple logistic regression showed that ED was significantly associated with dyslipidemia [AOR (95% CI): 2.42 (1.06–5.52); p-value=0.036], anxiety [AOR (95% CI): 3.99 (1.44–11.01); p-value=0.008] and older age [AOR (95% CI): 1.07 (1.02–1.12); p-value=0.009]. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a high prevalence of ED among non-diabetic overweight and obese patients, potentially linked to increasing age, dyslipidemia, and anxiety. Increasing awareness among the public and healthcare providers could improve detection rates in primary care.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer progression and have emerged as promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers. VGSCs comprise multiple subtypes with distinct tissue distributions, influencing tumour characteristics in different ways. Among these, the tetrodotoxin-sensitive α-subunits and the β1 subunit, commonly found in breast cancer, have been implicated in metastasis and tumour aggressiveness. The NaV1.5 channel and its neonatal variant (nNaV1.5) are overexpressed in aggressive cancers such as breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, thereby enhancing their invasive capacity. nNaV1.5 is particularly significant due to its tumour-specific expression and strong association with poor prognosis, especially in breast cancer, where it regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and tumour microenvironment remodelling. This review highlights nNaV1.5 as a critical ion channel that drives metastasis through ion regulation, extracellular acidification, and cytoskeletal remodelling. We further evaluate current therapeutic strategies, including siRNA, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors, while addressing translational challenges such as tumour heterogeneity, drug delivery limitations, and off-target cardiotoxicity due to its similarity with the adult isoform. In addition, we explore the potential of nNaV1.5 as a biomarker subject to epigenetic regulations by factors including RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which may facilitate patient stratification and treatment optimization. By integrating mechanistic insights, therapeutic opportunities, and translational challenges, this review goes beyond descriptive summaries to provide a framework for advancing nNaV1.5 research from preclinical studies toward clinical application in cancer therapy.

The use of Arabic in medical education and healthcare communication remains limited despite growing linguistic needs in Arabic-speaking populations. Issues related to translation accuracy, cultural sensitivity, and curriculum alignment hinder its integration. The objective of this study is to systematically review how Arabic medical terminology has been translated, validated, and applied in educational and clinical contexts. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in May 2025 across three databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). A total of 769 records were retrieved, and 19 peer-reviewed articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. A six-point quality appraisal framework was applied to ensure methodological rigour prior to thematic synthesis. Three major themes emerged: (1) translation and cultural adaptation, highlighting the importance of expert validation and semantic accuracy; (2) psychometric evaluation, where tools such as the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) demonstrated strong internal consistency and contextual clarity; and (3) educational application, showing varied success in enhancing communication, comprehension, and learner confidence. Gaps in terminology standardisation and the limitations of automated translation tools were noted across studies. In conclusion Arabic medical terminology, when supported by structured processes and expert review, makes a meaningful contribution to education and communication. Further efforts should prioritise the development of validated terminology repositories, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of Arabic-language resources into medical curricula to support inclusive and patient-centred care.

ABSTRACT A case report of 24 years old male with Class III malocclusion on a Class III skeletal base with missing upper lateral incisors is presented to describe the mechanics to distalise mandibular molars using mini implants in a borderline orthognathic surgery case. Mini implants were placed buccally between the lower second molars and lower first molars bilaterally. Mandibular molars were distalised and intruded using elastics power chains from the mini implant to the long hook placed distal to the lower canines on a 0.019x0.025-inch stainless steel archwire. Extrusion of the lower anterior segment was prevented with the use of the stiff archwire and lowered retraction by the long hook. Labial root torque was expressed on the lower incisor from the use of MBT brackets with -6 degrees torque. Treatment was completed within 21 months. In conclusion, accurate planning and understanding of biomechanical teeth movement may facilitate the correction of borderline Class III orthognathic surgery cases.

Introduction: Medicinal plant use among indigenous people in Malaysia is commonly influenced by cultural beliefs, accessibility to traditional plants, and modern medicine availability. This study explores the usage, knowledge, and perceptions of medicinal plants among the Bateq people in Taman Negara National Park, Pahang. Materials and methods: A qualitative study conducted in June 2022 interviewed 12 adult Orang Asli from the Bateq tribe in Kuala Sat, Taman Negara. The qualitative study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA and explored medicinal plant knowledge and usage among the participants. Thematic content analysis was employed for data analysis. Results: All participants, aged 18-60, utilized medicinal plants for various health purposes, including chronic diseases and general health maintenance. Older individuals possessed more traditional knowledge, acquired from their elders. Accessibility to medicinal plants in the local environment was emphasized. Despite diverse applications, challenges in obtaining plants in remote areas and the convenience of modern medicine contributed to a decline in traditional plant use. Perceptions varied, with some favoring traditional plants, while others expressed skepticism. Conclusion: This study offers insights into medicinal plant use, knowledge, and perceptions among the Bateq community in Taman Negara National Park, Pahang. It emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional knowledge, understanding diverse perceptions, and promoting collaboration between traditional and modern healthcare systems. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of healthcare practices among indigenous communities in Malaysia

Introduction: Early identification of patients at risk for severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is essential for favourable clinical outcomes. This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics, factors and outcomes associated with severe MIS-C. Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study involving 14 major hospitals in Malaysia, children <15 years who met the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention case definition for MIS-C were included. Severe MIS-C was defined as children who required inotropic support, ventilatory support (invasive or non-invasive ventilation), or left ventricular ejection fraction of <55%. The factors investigated for severe MIS-C were demographic characteristics, the presence of comorbidities, clinical characteristics, and laboratory measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute the adjusted odds ratio (aORs) of factors associated with severe MIS-C. Results: Among the 155 patients, 91 (58.7%) presented with severe MIS-C. Severe MIS-C was more likely in patients aged ≥5 years old (aOR 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-4.21), with dehydration (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.53-9.45), lethargy (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 0.97-4.18), tachycardia (aOR 8.33, 95% CI 3.27-21.22), albumin <30g/L (aOR 3.36, 95% CI 1.58-7.13), creatine kinase >200U/L (aOR 3.68, 95% CI 1.57-8.64), D-dimer >3.0µg/mL (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.08-4.13), ferritin >500ng/mL (aOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.88-7.55), prothrombin time >12.7 seconds (aOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.61-6.43), and urea >6mmol/L (aOR 5.09, 95% CI 2.04-12.71). Conclusion: Identification of these associated factors of severity in MIS-C could aid in early recognition and prompt escalation of care, leading to better outcomes.

Introduction: Emergency contraception (EC) is an important method for preventing unintended pregnancies. By being knowledgeable and readily available to dispense this medication, pharmacists play a crucial role in preventing unintended pregnancies, which can have significant social, economic, and health repercussions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of EC among undergraduate pharmacy students in Malaysia, examining the socio-demographic factors associated with these dependent variables. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 pharmacy students from 20 institutions offering a Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons.) program. The data was collected from April to June 2022. The questionnaire was formatted as a web-based questionnaire consisting of 33 questions divided into three sections. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the means in student’s knowledge and perception. Chi-square test was used to identify the association between the demographic variables and the knowledge and perception. Results: Three hundred and fifty-five students participated in the survey. Participants' mean (SD) knowledge score was 5.31(2.94) of 10 items. Factors affecting the mean knowledge of participants include academic year (P<0.001), institution type (P<0.001), race (P<0.001), religion (P<0.001), residence area (P=0.013), and prior knowledge of EC (P<0.001). The mean (SD) score of perception was 36.8 (4.9) from 50. Most of the students had an average perception of EC. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of students held average perceptions but lacked sufficient knowledge about EC, highlighting the need to address these knowledge gaps for the development of an effective educational program.

Introduction: Perinatal depression and anxiety are prevalent, but professional mental health help-seeking remains low, resulting in a lack of utilization of mental health services. We aimed to determine the prevalence of positive mental health help-seeking behaviour (MHHSB) among pregnant women and its associated factors. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban public maternal and child health clinic (MCHC) in Selangor, Klang Valley between August and November 2022. 296 pregnant women were recruited. The Malay version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychological Help (SSOSH), Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) and MHHSB questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors. Results: The mean age was 30.06 (±5.14) years and more than two-third (61%, n=181) were multiparous. More than half (57.4%, n=170) were in their second trimester, while 15.9% (n=47) and 21.3% (n=63) had probable depression and anxiety, respectively. The prevalence of positive MHHSB was 73.6% (95% CI: 0.68, 0.78), yet the prevalence of probable getting professional assistance was 22.6% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.28). Two factors were associated with positive MHHSB. These were probable anxiety [odds ratio (OR)3.86, 95% CI: 1.80, 9.15] and MHLS [OR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.08]. Conclusion: Positive MHHSB was prevalent among pregnant women, yet the possibility of seeking professional assistance is low. Having anxiety was likely to influence MHHSB, hence efforts to improve mental health literacy and training staff to recognize symptoms and cultivating supportive environment for pregnant women will ensure timely interventions.

Introduction: The disregard for hip flexion force when designing foot-operated equipment poses a potential threat to non-compliance with ergonomics principles, ultimately impacting occupational health. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable lack of studies focusing on the hip flexion strength of Malaysian adults in a standing position. This paper aimed to measure the maximum force of hip flexion strength and formulate a regression model for Malaysian young adults in a standing posture. Materials and methods: The experiment invited sixty Malaysian adults aged 20 to 26 years old. A digital force gauge (Mark-10, USA) was used to measure the hip flexion force. A regression model was developed to determine the influence of gender, body mass, body height, thigh length, and thigh circumference on the hip flexion force. Results: The results of this study found that the means of hip flexion force for the male and female participants were 192.8 N and 126.0 N, respectively. The regression model concluded that gender is the most significant factor influencing hip flexion force (p<0.01). The body mass, body height, thigh length, and thigh circumference positively correlate to hip flexion force. However, these correlations were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the relationship between anthropometric parameters and hip flexion force is not always straightforward and can be influenced by various factors. To gain a more comprehensive picture of hip flexion, it is essential to consider other potential factors such as muscle mass, neuromuscular control, and joint mechanics.