Objective To evaluate the antibody titer distributions after primary vaccination by different sequential schedules of Sabin strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine(sIPV) and bivalent oral attenuated live poliomyelitis vaccine against types 1 and 3 (bOPV) in Drug Candy(DC) form or liquid dosage form. Methods Eligible infants of 2 months old selected in Liuzhou were assigned randomly in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 to 4 groups as following: sIPV+2bOPV(DC), sIPV+2bOPV(liquid), 2sIPV+bOPV(DC), 2sIPV+bOPV(liquid), and were vaccinated at 0, 28, 56 days. Polio neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were tested prior to Dose 1 and at 28 days after Dose 3. Results The antibody titer distribution for type 1 was statistically different between sIPV+2bOPV(DC) and sIPV+2bOPV(liquid) (Z=-2.589, P=0.010) while no significant differences were detected between the two groups for type 2(Z=-0.331, P=0.741) and type 3(Z=-1.556, P=0.120). There were no significant differences between 2sIPV +bOPV(DC) and 2sIPV+bOPV(liquid) for the distributions(All P>0.05) (type 1: Z=-1.249, P=0.212; type 2: Z=-1.658, P=0.097; type 3: Z=-1.436, P=0.151). In the same dosage forms with different sequential schedules, the antibody titer distributions were significantly different between 2 doses sIPV and 1 dose sIPV groups(All P<0.05)(sIPV+2bOPV(liquid) vs 2sIPV+bOPV(liquid): type 1: Z=-2.766, P=0.006; type 2: Z=-9.137, P<0.001; type 3: Z=-5.529, P<0.001. sIPV+2bOPV(DC) vs 2sIPV+bOPV(DC): type 1: Z=-3.748, P<0.001; type 2: Z=-7.660, P<0.001; type 3: Z=-6.030, P<0.001). Conclusions Different dosage forms have similar immune effects, so appropriate dosage forms should be selected for vaccination according to the effectiveness, characteristics of subjects and the population density. In the case of sufficient supply of sIPV, 2 doses sIPV sequential program should be the first choice to complete the primary immunization.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of thrombopoietin (TPO) on chemical hypoxia-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to explore its potential mechanism.

METHODSThe experiment was divided into 4 groups. The untreated HUVECs were used as normal control group. HUVECs treated with CoCl was CoCl group, and TPO was added into the culture medium 48 h before CoCl treatment as TPO + CoCl group. The cells was treated with TPO alone as TPO group. The cell viability and apoptosis of each groups were tested by Cell Counter Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The expression of Caspase-3 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were then determined by flow cytometry with Caspase-3-PE and JC-1. The effect of TPO in PI3K/AKT pathway was detected by using Western blot.

RESULTSCoCl significantly inhibited the growth of HUVECs. The cell viability of HUVECs decreased gradually with enhancement of CoCl at a gradient of chemical concentrations (r= -0.997). CoCl dramatically increased apoptosis of HUVECs, whereas pre-treatment with TPO rescued cell apoptosis induced by CoCl (P<0.001). Further investigation found that TPO decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and inhibited the reduction of MMP induced by CoCl (P<0.05). TPO could increased the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in HUVECs.

CONCLUSIONTPO has a protective effect against CoCl-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus decreasing the expression of apoptosis protease Caspase-3 and inhibiting the reduction of MMP.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cobalt ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombopoietin

BackgroundRemote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) appears to protect distant organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, cerebral protection results have remained inconclusive. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to compare stroke patients with and without RIPostC.

MethodsCNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2016. Data were analyzed using both fixed-effects and random-effects models by Review Manager. For each outcome, risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

ResultsA total of 13 randomized controlled trials that enrolled a total of 794 study participants who suffered from or are at risk for brain IRI were selected. Compared with controls, RIPostC significantly reduced the recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attacks (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.26-0.55; P < 0.00001). Moreover, it can reduce the levels of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (MD: 1.96; 95% CI: 2.18-1.75; P < 0.00001), modified Rankin Scale score (MD: 0.73; 95% CI: 1.20-0.25; P = 0.00300), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (MD: 4.17; 95% CI: 4.71-3.62; P < 0.00001) between the two groups. There was no side effect of RIPostC using tourniquet cuff around the limb on ischemic stroke treating based on different intervention duration.

ConclusionThe present meta-analysis suggests that RIPostC might offer cerebral protection for stroke patients suffering from or are at risk of brain IRI.

Brain Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) on the formation of granulocyte-monocyte colony forming unit (CFU-GM) and megakaryocyte colony forming unit (CFU-MK) and its anti-apoptotic effect on CHRF cells.

METHODSThe CFU-GM and CFU-MK of murine and human bone marrow cells were cultured in vitro by using plasma clot culture system. The anti-apoptotic effect of PDGF-BB on CHRF cells and its mechanism were clarified by flow cytometry.

RESULTSPDGF-BB 0-100 ng/ml stimulated the proliferation of murine and human CFU-GM and CFU-MK in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal stimulation effect was obtained at 50 ng/ml of PDGF-BB (P<0.01). Furthermore, PDGF-BB had an anti-apoptotic effect on CHRF cells as shown by the flow cytometry with AnnexinV/PI double staining, Caspase-3 expression and JC-1 detection (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPDGF-BB significantly stimulates the proliferation of CFU-GM and CFU-MK in vitro, and has an anti-apoptotic effect on CHRF cells.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes between conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and targeted PVP in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed to review 215 cases of single level OVCFs hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2015.According to the procedure techniques,the patients were assigned to targeted PVP group (89 cases) and conventional PVP group (126 cases) which was further divided into sufficient filled subgroup (110 cases) and insufficient filled subgroup (16 cases) on basis of cement distribution.Key techniques of targeted PVP included accurate needle insertion to fractured area and cement injection using a push rob with a side opening.Operating time,cement injection volume,rate and types of cement leakage,cement distribution in the fractured area and visual analogue score (VAS) of back pain were compared between the two groups.Results Operating time in targeted PVP group was longer than that in conventional PVP group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in cement injection volume and rate and types of cement leakage between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).None in targeted PVP group showed insufficient cement distribution in fractured area,while 16 cases (12.7％) in conventional PVP group (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences in preoperative VAS of back pain existed among targeted PVP group,sufficient subgroup and insufficient subgroup (P ＞ 0.05).VAS of back pain was significantly decreased after PVP in three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Difference in postoperative VAS of back pain between targeted PVP group and sufficient filled subgroup was insignificant (P ＞0.05).However,postoperative VAS of back pain in insufficient filled subgroup was significantly increased compared with targeted PVP group and sufficient filled subgroup (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Targeted PVP provides sufficient cement to fill the fractured area and decreases incidence of unsatisfactory clinical outcome compared with traditional PVP,indicating a secure and effective new technique in the treatment of OVCFs.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation combined soft corneal contact lens and immunomodulatory therapy on epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (HSK),Methods Together 56 participants with recrudesced epithelial type HSK were incorporated from January of 2012 to January of 2014,and randomly divided into control group and treatment group according to random number table.The treatment group was performed complete removal of corneal lesions with microscope,and then the whole cornea was covered with double fresh amniotic membrane;after the whole limbus was fixed with continuous suturing,the soft contact lenses were worn at the end of the operation.After the operation,Chinese formula,including Yupingfeng particles,ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and oral valacyclovir hydrochloride tablets,was administrated.The control group was treated only with ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and oral valaciclovir hydrochloride tablets,Results In control group,15 patients (53.6％) were cured,6 (21.4％) were markedly improved,2 (7.1％) were effective,5 (17.9％) was invalid,and the overall effective rate was 82.1％,but 6 patients (21.4％) were recrudesced;while in the treatment group,22 patients (78.6％)were cured,6 (21.4％) were markedly improved,and the total effective rate was 100.0％,but 3 patients were recurred.Moreover,the visual acuity were improved about 0.43 visual lines in the control group,and about 2.14 lines in treatment group.Therefore,the curative rate,effective rate and visual improvement of the treatment group was significantly better than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05),but the recurrence rate was lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive treatment including fresh anniotic membrane transplantation combined corneal contact lens with Chinese formula were effective for quickly and effectively controlling inflammation,promoting ulcer repair and shortening the course of disease as well as reducing the recurrence.

Objective To observe the effects of three pretreatments of electroacupuncture with different waveforms for septic brain injury in rats, and to explore the optimal waveform. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 16):sham group,cecal ligation and puncture group (group CLP),continuous wave group (group CW),dilata-tional wave group (group DW)and intermittent wave group (group IW).A rat sepsis model was pre-pared by cecal ligation and puncture.Brain water content was detected.Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,malondialdehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (SOD)in serum and frontal cortex were detected 48 h after sham or CLP operation.Pathological changes of frontal cortex,ex-pression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4),and apoptosis of nerve cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E),immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay,respectively.Results Com-pared with the sham group,encephaledema,as well as brain injury and neuron apoptosis increased in group CLP (P <0.05).Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and malondialdehyde in serum and frontal cortex significantly increased,and the activities of superoxide dismutase significantly de-creased (P < 0.05 ).The expression of TLR4 significantly increased (P < 0.05 ).Compared with group CLP,the aforementioned indicators in the continuous,dilatational,and intermittent wave groups significantly improved (P < 0.05 ).Compared among the electroacupunctured groups,the effect of dilatational wave was the most significant,followed by intermittent wave,and continuous wave was the least one (P <0.05).Conclusion EA pretreatment with different waveforms at Baihui and Tsusanli acupoints could reduce the septic brain injury,and DW might be the best one.The mechanism might be related with the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress response and the decrease in nerve cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of PDGF/PDGFR in essential thrombocythemia (ET) by investigating the expression of PDGF-BB in bone marrow and the expression of PDGFR-β in bone marrow cells of patients with ET and explore the new target for treating ET patients through inhibiting the PDGFR of megakaryocytes.

METHODSThe expression level of PDGF-BB in bone marrow of ET patients and normal controls were assayed by using ELISA, the expression level of PDGFR-β (CD140) in bone marrow of ET patients and normal controls were detected by using flow cytometry, the effect of PDGF-BB in JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathway was detected by using flow cytometry or Werstern blot, and the effect of imatinib on the megakaryopoiesis of PDGF was observed.

RESULTSThe expression level of PDGF-BB in bone marrow of ET patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls; the expression level of PDGFR-β in bone marrow of ET patients was significantly higher than that in nornal controls; PDGF-BB could activate JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathway of megakaryocytes, while the imatinib could block the effect of PDGF-BB on megakaryocyte.

CONCLUSIONThe elevated PDGF-BB and PDGFR-β may be involved in ET, and the physiopathologic mechanism is that the elevated PDGF-BB activates PDGFR with subsequent activation of the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways, stimulating megakaryopoiesis. Imatinib may have a therapeutical effect on ET via blocking of PDGFR.

Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; metabolism ; Thrombopoiesis

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) were first constructed by Takahshi and et al in 2006. They converted the mouse fibroblasts into ES-like cells via viral transduction with four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc). Since, the significant progress has been made and many researchers have succeeded in inducing iPS cells from other human somatic cells by some novel approaches, such as combining transcriptional factors and small chemicals. IPS cells have significant prospect in clinical application. IPS cells derived from patient somatic cells can be used as a model in studying the pathogenesis of genetic hematological disease and applied in therapeutic screenings. Recent studies suggested that iPS cells can differentiate into red blood cells and platelets in vitro, which may make up a big blood bank for transfusion in future. In this review, current understanding of both recombinant technology of iPS cells and the research progress in hematology are summarized.
Animals ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Transcription Factors

The nervous system directly regulates immunity through neurotransmitter receptors expressed on immune cells to participate in host defense and body reparation. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors on blood cells provides important evidence for a direct functional link between the nervous and hematopoietic systems. Our previous studies showed that 5-hydroxytryptamine, as a monoamine neurotransmitter, plays an important role in regulating megakaryocytopoiesis. This review summarizes recent findings of the effect of monoamine neurotransmitter on megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet function, focusing on the receptor expression on hematopoietic stem cells, megakaryocytes/platelets and their functions in order to explore the intrinsic relation of nervous system and hematopoietic system. Based on the existing research results, we find that the monoamine neurotransmitter participates in regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis, and affects on aggregation and functions activation of platelets. Moreover, it has a close link with the specific regulatory factor of megakaryocytopoiesis-TPO. Thus those results also support the "brain-bone marrow-blood-axis" viewpoint of some researchers. At present, the study of the nervous system regulating hematopoiesis is still in its infancy, the exact mechanism remains to be further studied.
Biogenic Monoamines ; physiology ; Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology ; Platelet Function Tests