BACKGROUND:Acute exercise tends to cause skeletal muscle tissue damage and lipid metabolism disorders in vivo,but the mechanism by which acute exercise combined with electroacupuncture modulates metabolic and autophagic pathways in vivo is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes in metabolic enzymes and autophagy levels in skeletal muscle of rats subjected to acute exercise by electroacupuncture at the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao." METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:quiet control group(n=10),model group(n=20),and reverse electroacupuncture group(n=20).The latter two groups were set up with two time points,i.e.immediate and 3 hours after exercise groups(n=10 per time point).The model group and the reverse electroacupuncture group underwent acute exercise training after adaptive treadmill training.The rats in the reverse electroacupuncture group underwent electroacupuncture treatment(parameters:electroacupuncture on both sides of the rats at the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao,"continuous wave,frequency of 2 Hz,intensity of 2 mA,leaving the needle in the body for 30 minutes,once a day for 7 consecutive days)before treadmill training.Bilateral gastrocnemius muscle tissues were taken under anesthesia immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise,and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of rat skeletal muscle.ELISA kit was used to detect the activities of hepatic lipase,fatty acid synthase,hormone-sensitive lipase,and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in rat skeletal muscle tissues.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the changes in the expression of autophagy genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After hematoxylin-eosin staining,the arrangement of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the model group was disturbed,swollen and ruptured immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise.In the reverse electroacupuncture group,gastrocnemius muscle fibers were tightly arranged and the number of swollen and ruptured cells was greatly reduced immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise,and there was no significant difference when compared with the quiet control group.Compared with the quiet control group,the activities of hepatic lipase and fatty acid synthase were lower while the activities of lipoprotein lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase,and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were higher in the model group and the reverse electroacupuncture group 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the activities of lipoprotein lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were higher in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05),while the activity of lipoprotein lipase was higher and the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase was lower in the reverse electroacupuncture group 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the quiet control group,the expression of P62,autophagy-related gene 5 and autophagy-related gene 7 was higher in the model group immediately and 3 hours after exercise,as well as in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the expression of P62 and autophagy-related gene 7 was lower in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that the protein expression of P62 and autophagy-related gene 7 in the reverse electroacupuncture group was lower than that in the model group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05);the protein expression of Parkin in the model group was higher than that in the quiet control group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05);and the protein expression of Parkin in the reverse electroacupuncture group was lower than that in the model group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05).To conclude,acute exercise induces disorders,swelling and rupture of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in rats and electroacupuncture on both sides of the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao"can improve the level of lipid metabolism and regulate autophagy cells in rat skeletal muscle,preventing the disorders of lipid metabolism and damage of gastrocnemius muscle tissues caused by acute exercise.The mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of autophagy-related factor P62,autophagy-related gene 5,autophagy-related gene 7,and Parkin protein expression to promote the occurrence of autophagy or regulate the autophagy pathway in rat skeletal muscle cells.

Objective To investigate the changes in the prevalence of Babesia microti infections, spleen morphology and proportions of splenic immune cells in BALB/c mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, so as to provide insights into unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms of Babesia infections. Methods Laboratory - maintained B. microti strains were prepared into whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection. A total of 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group, intravenous injection group, and intraperitoneal injection group, of 25 mice in each group. Mice in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups were administered 100 μL of whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection, with the day of injection recorded as d0, and animals in the normal control group were given no treatments. Blood was sampled from mice in each group via the tail tip on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and prepared into thin-film blood smears, and B. microti infection was observed in red blood cells. Five mice were randomly sampled from each group and sacrificed on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and spleen was collected for measurement of spleen size and weight. In addition, splenic cells were isolated, and the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells, CD45R⁺ B cells, CD49b⁺ nature killer (NK) cells, and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in CD45⁺ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Results The prevalence of B. microti infection in the intravenous (22.80%) and intraperitoneal injection groups (44.82%) peaked on d7 (χ² = 8.141, P < 0.01) and then rapidly decreased, and no parasites were observed on d35. The longest mouse spleen length [(32.91 ± 2.20) mm] and width [(9.82 ± 0.43) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.78 ± 0.10) g] were found on d14 in the intravenous injection group, and the longest spleen length [(32.42 ± 3.21) mm] and width [(10.25 ± 0.73) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.73 ± 0.09) g] were seen in the intra-peritoneal injection group on d21, d7 and d14, respectively. There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and the normal control group in terms of spleen length (F = 10.310, P < 0.05), width (F = 9.824, P < 0.05), and weight (F = 10.672, P < 0.05) on d21, and the mouse spleen length, width and weight were all significantly greater in the intraperitoneal injection group than in the intravenous injection group (allP values < 0.05). The proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells [(60.60 ± 6.20)% and (39.68 ± 7.62)%], CD45R⁺ B cells [(43.32 ± 2.08)% and (49.53 ± 4.90)%], CD49b⁺ NK cells [(6.88 ± 1.34)% and (7.71 ± 1.59)%], and F4/80⁺ macrophages [(2.21 ± 0.29)% and (3.80 ± 0.35)%] peaked on d14, d21, d21 and d14 in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 16.730, P < 0.05) and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 15.941, P < 0.05) among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d14, and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and a lower proportion of F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d21 in terms of proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 9.252, P < 0.05), CD45R⁺ B cells (F = 14.349, P < 0.05), CD49b⁺ NK cells (F = 13.436,P < 0.05), and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 8.180, P < 0.05), and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and lower proportions of CD45R⁺ B cells and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (all P values < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in the proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d28 (F = 9.772,P < 0.05), and a lower proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells was found in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (P < 0.01). Conclusions Both intraperitoneal and intravenous routes are effective to induce B. microti infections in BALB/c mice, and the prevalence of B. microti infections is higher in BALB/c mice through the intraperitoneal route than through the intravenous route. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injections with B. microti cause diverse spleen morphologies and proportions of splenic immune cells in mice, indicating routes of B. microti infections cause different impacts on immune response mechanisms in mice.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a difficult and critical disease with rapid progression and limited treatment methods in the field of liver disease， and it is urgently needed to make breakthroughs in its pathogenesis. Selection of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies is of great importance in delaying disease progression and reducing the incidence and mortality rates. This article reviews the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis” and related prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine/Zhuang medicine， proposes a new theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， analyzes the scientific connotations of “turbid”， “toxin”， and the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， and constructs the “four-step” prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy， thereby establishing the new clinical prevention and treatment regimen for hepatic encephalopathy represented by “four prescriptions and two techniques” and clarifying the effect mechanism and biological basis of core prescriptions and techniques in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy， in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in the degree of coordination of China's major epidemic prevention and control efforts before and after the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to explore the impact of epidemic prevention and control measures on coordination dynamics. MethodsA total of 3 864 policy documents related to epidemic prevention and control from January 2000 to December 2020 across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities) in China were systematically collected. Contents specific to collaborative and cooperative efforts were extracted, and the extent of interdepartmental coordination were quantified to assess the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control efforts. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was adopted to statistically analyze the differences between the indicators before and after the epidemic. ResultsThe average overall coordination level for major epidemic prevention and control in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities) increased from 43.06% to 97.62%, and the average coordination levels in the eastern, central, and western China soared from 42.29%, 37.50%, and 47.46%, to 98.81%, 96.20%, and 97.46%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). In terms of department categorization, coordination levels in the professional departments and the key support departments peaked at 100.00%, while other support departments rose to 95.43%, with an increase of 77.15%, 181.85%, and 139.89%, respectively, exhibiting noteworthy statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). ConclusionThe scope of coordination departments of China’s major epidemic prevention and control exists a remarkable surge following the COVID-19 outbreak, notable heightened coordination is particularly observed among the key support departments. Future endeavors should prioritize the roles played by diverse departments in epidemic prevention and control, enhancing both the clarity of departmental responsibilities and the effectiveness of interdepartmental coordination.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the public health governance capacity of 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces, providing a scientific evaluation basis for building a "Healthy Yangtze River Delta". MethodsA comprehensive collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was conducted, totaling 6 920 policy documents, 1 720 information reports, and 1 200 literature pieces. Based on the evaluation standards for an appropriate public health system established by the research team, the basic status of public health governance capacity was assessed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the 40 cities. ResultsIn 2022, the public health governance capacity score for the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Provinces was (562.5±38.0) points. In terms of specific areas, the emergency response field received the highest score of (791.4±49.7) points, while the chronic disease prevention and control field received the lowest score of (368.2±29.6) points. The Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Anhui region has largely achieved the strategic priority of health, gradually improved public health legal regulations, and established a basic organizational framework with a solid foundation for information and data infrastructure. However, challenges still need to be addressed, such as unstable government funding for public health, unclear departmental responsibilities, and barriers to information interoperability. ConclusionThe public health governance capacity of the 40 cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui Province has been at a moderate level, but disparities have still existed across regions and fields. In the future, while continuing to deepen existing advantages, it is essential to accurately identify the causes of problems, establish a long-term and stable investment mechanism, enhance information connectivity mechanisms, further clarify departmental responsibilities, and promote the achievement of the "Healthy Yangtze River Delta" goal.

Objective To observe the effects of exercise combined with probiotic intervention on glycolipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and skeletal muscle satellite cell expression in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods From 60 8-week-old SPF-grade SD male rats,10 rats were randomly selected as the normal control group(NC),and the rest were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin,establishing a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model(TN),exercise+diabetes(YTN),probiotic+diabetes(GTN),and exercise+probiotics+diabetes(YGTN)groups.The exercise groups were subjected to 6 weeks of incremental load aerobic treadmill exercise(speed of 15 m/min for 30 min in week 1,15 m/min for 60 min in week 2,and 19.3 m/min for 60 min in weeks 3～6,with continuous training until week 6,5 days/week).The GTN and YGTN groups were administered 10.0 mL/(kg·d)of Lactibiane Iki probiotic solution(concentration of 107 CFU/mL)one hour before training.Glycolipid metabolism indexes,oxidative stress indexes,and expression of skeletal muscle satellite cell proteins were measured in rats.Results(1)The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin(FINS),hemoglobin Alc(HBA1C)and(homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-1R)were higher in the TN,YTN,GTN,and YGTN groups than in the NC group(P＜0.01).The levels of FBG in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN,YTN,GTN,and YGTN groups(P＜0.05).Serum FINS levels in YTN,GTN and YGTN groups were all decreased compared with those in the TN group(P＜0.01).Serum HBA1C levels were lower in the YGTN group than the TN,YTN,and GTN groups(P＜0.01).The HOMA-IR indices of rats in the YGTN group decreased more significantly compared with those in the TN,YTN,and GTN groups(P＜0.01).The result showed that FBG,FINS,HBA1C,and HOMA-IR decreased more significantly in rats in the aerobic exercise combined with probiotic intervention group than the other intervention groups.(2)Serum total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)and free fatty acid(FFA)levels in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group(P＜0.05),and those of the YGTN group were lower than those of the TN group(P＜0.05)and basically restored to the level of the NC group.Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL)levels were lower in the TN group than the NC group(P＜0.05),Serum HDL levels of rats in TN group were lower than those of the NC group(P＜0.05),and those in the YGTN group were higher than those of TN group(P＜0.05),which were basically restored to the level of NC group.The result showed that aerobic exercise combined with probiotic intervention reduced serum T-CHO,TG,LDL,FFA levels and increased HDL levels more significantly than other interventions in diabetic rats.(3)Serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-isoPGF2α)levels of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and those of rats in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Serum catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group(P＜0.01),and those of rats in the YGTN group were higher than those of the NC group(P＜0.01)and were basically restored to the levels of NC group.(4)The protein expression levels of paired box gene 7(Pax7),myogenic determination gene(MyoD),myogenin(MyoG)and myogenic factor 5(Myf5)in the skeletal muscle of rats in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and these levels were higher in the YGTN group than the TN group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);basically,the levels were restored to those of the NC group.In the TN group,myostatin(MSTN)protein expression was higher in the TN group than the NC group(P＜0.05),and that in the YGTN group was lower than that in the TN group(P＜0.05)and basically restored to the level of the NC group.Conclusions The result showed that probiotics and aerobic exercise had a synergistic effect in improving blood glucose and insulin levels,attenuating insulin resistance,improving lipids and oxidative radicals,and preventing the phenomenon of disturbed glucose metabolism,thus achieving dynamic equilibrium regulation in type 2 diabetic rats.Aerobic exercise combined with probiotics also promoted myoblast differentiation,which played a role in preventing T2DM-induced loss of muscle mass and strength as well as muscle tissue complications.

Objective:To investigate the difference of the attention bias of the resilience level of professional technicians in hospital to negative information.Methods:A total of 383 professional technicians of logistics admin-istrative posts in a third-level military hospital were selected and divided into high and low groups according to their scores on the resilience scale(the top 27％of the participants were in the high resilience group,and the bottom 27％were in the low resilience group).There were 22 participants in each of the high and low resilience groups that met the requirements.The attention bias test was conducted on the professional technicians in the high and low resil-ience groups using the Dot-probe Paradigm.A mixed experimental design of 2(group:low resilience group,high re-silience group)x 2(stimulus clues:negative stimulus,neutral stimulus)was adopted.The dependent variables were correct rate and reaction time.Results:The interaction between the response group and the stimulus cue was statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05),the response time of negative stimulus in low resilience group was lower than that of neutral stimulus.The main effect of the cue condition was statistically significant in both groups(P＜0.05),the correct rate of negative stimulus was lower than that of neutral stimulus.Conclusion:This study shows that the pro-fessional technicians in the high resilience group do not have obvious attention bias to negative information,while the professional technicians in the low resilience group have obvious attention bias to negative emotional informa-tion.

Objective:To investigate grey matter volume changes and their correlation with the severity of anxiety in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by anxious distress specifier (ADS).Methods:From June 2022 to June 2023, totally 71 inpatients with MDD in the child and adolescent psychiatry department of Anhui Mental Health Center were included. According to the definition of ADS in the DSM-5, MDD adolescents were divided into the group with anxious distress (MDD/ADS+ group, n=44) and the group without anxious distress (MDD/ADS- group, n=27). Healthy adolescents matched in terms of gender, age, education level were recruited as the control group (HC group, n=19). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare changes in grey matter volume among the three groups.Grey matter volume values of brain regions with significant differences between the MDD/ADS+ group and MDD/ADS- group were collected, and their correlation with Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:Compared to the MDD/ADS- group, the MDD/ADS+ group showed a significant decrease in grey matter volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNI: x=16.5, y=34.5, z=52.5, t=4.48, P<0.05) and the right cerebellum (MNI: x=49.5, y=-69.0, z=-24.0, t=5.18, P<0.05). In MDD adolescents, the grey matter volumes of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right cerebellum were negatively correlated with HAMA score ( r=-0.249, -0.491, both P<0.05). Conclusion:In adolescents with MDD accompanied by ADS, a decrease in gray matter volume is observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right superior cerebellum. These brain regions may serve as potential biological markers for the severity of anxiety in adolescents with MDD.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of Yunnan Baiyao in middle aged and elderly lung cancer patients undergoing the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic.Methods A total of 90 patients with non-small cell lung cancer meeting the criterias were screened and divided into two groups according to random number table method,which respectively received conventional treatment(control group)and Yunnan Baiyao treatment(experimental group).The perioperative period related indexes,coagulation function related indexes,and the occurrence rate of complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperative bleeding volume and thoracic drainage volume for the first day of experimental group were significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant difference in the coagulation function related indexes between two groups before and after surgery(P＞0.05).Additionally,there were also no significant difference in the occurrence rate of complication between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao can reduce intraoperative bleeding volume and chest tube drainage volume for the first day,promots the recovery of patients,and has a good clinical application value.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in patients following the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and exploring the risk factors for death.Methods:Patients who had RSV infection after undergoing HSCT from October 2023 to January 2024 in the hematology department of Peking University People’s Hospital were enrolled in the study. The clinical characteristics of the participating patients were summarized. The clinical characteristics of the surviving and the dying patients were compared, and the risk factors of death were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:Among the 43 RSV-positive HSCT patients, 20 (46.5%) were hypoxemic, six (14.0%) were admitted to the ICU for further treatment, four (9.3%) required tracheal intubation assisted ventilation, and seven patients (16.3%) died. A comparison of the clinical features of the surviving patients and the deceased patients demonstrated that the deceased patients had a lower PLT when infected with RSV [74.5 (8.0-348.0) ×10 9/L vs 15.0 (10.0-62.0) ×10 9/L, P=0.003], a higher incidence of simultaneous bacterial infections (85.7% vs 41.7%, P=0.046), and a higher rate of hematological recurrence (71.4% vs 13.9%, P=0.004). Hematological recurrence ( OR=15.500, 95% CI 2.336-102.848, P=0.005), influenza A viral infection ( OR=14.000, 95% CI 1.064-184.182, P=0.045), and low PLT at the time of RSV infection ( OR=0.945, 95% CI 0.894-0.999, P=0.048) were the factors associated with death following HSCT. Conclusion:Patients infected with RSV after undergoing HSCT have a poor prognosis, and active prevention and treatment of RSV in the autumn and winter requires urgent attention.