Objective:To study the relationship between the polarization state of hippocampal microglia and depression-like behavior in mice and the regulatory effect of Xiaoyaosan.Methods:Sixty female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, Xiaoyaosan group and fluoxetine group according to the random number method with 15 in each group. Except for control group, the mice in the other 3 groups received chronic restraint stress for 21 days to establish the depressive model. The mice in the Xiaoyaosan group and fluoxetine group were gavaged with Xiaoyaosan(28.06 g/kg) and fluoxetine(3.03 mg/kg) respectively, while the mice in control and model groups received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. Mouse behaviors were evaluated by sucrose preference test and elevated plus maze test.ELISA was used to detect the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA) in serum and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), interleukin-10(IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and arginase-1(Arg-1) expression.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of iNOS, Arg-1, CD86 and CD206. The mRNA expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in hippocampus was detected by qRT-PCR. The pathological changes of hippocampus were observed by HE staining.SPSS 27.0 software was used to analyze the data. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD test was used for pairwise comparison.Results:(1) There were significant differences in sucrose preference among the 4 groups ( F=46.62, P<0.05).The sucrose preference of model group was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), while the sucrose preference of Xiaoyaosan group was higher than that of the model group ( P<0.05).There were significant differences in the number of open arm entries and residence time in the elevated plus maze test among the 4 groups ( F=24.63, 26.94, both P<0.05). The number of open arm entries and residence time in model group ((1.80±1.48)times, (6.19±1.67)s) were lower than those of the control group ((9.80±1.64)times, (56.81±2.75)s)) (both P<0.05). The number of open arm entries and residence time in Xiaoyaosan group ((6.80±0.84)times, (29.59±7.72)s) were significantly higher than model group(both P<0.05).(2) There were significant differences in serum 5-HT and DA levels among the 4 groups ( F=33.27, 76.03, both P<0.05). The serum 5-HT and DA levels in the model group were lower than those of the control group (both P<0.05).The serum 5-HT and DA levels in the Xiaoyaosan group were higher than those of model group (both P<0.05).(3)There were significant differences in the contents of TGF-β1, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6 in the hippocampus of 4 groups ( F=31.93, 64.01, 25.74, 28.14, all P<0.05). The contents of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in the model group were lower than those of the control group, while the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in Xiaoyaosan group ( TGF-β1: (30.40±1.56)pg/mL vs (23.77±2.24) pg/mL; IL-10: ((233.94±11.38)pg/mL) vs (130.46±15.34) pg/mL) were higher, and the contents of TNF-α ((73.35±1.51)ng/mL vs (85.89±4.52)pg/mL) and IL-6 (66.15±2.96)pg/mL vs (76.01±1.59)pg/mL) )were lower (all P<0.05).(4)The results of qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot all showed that there were significant differences in mRNA and protein levels of iNOS ( F=41.92, 20.78, 9.27, all P<0.05) and Arg-1 ( F=27.24, 24.23, 6.49, all P<0.05) in the hippocampus among the 4 groups of mice. The mRNA and protein levels of iNOS of the model group were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 were lower than those in the control group(both P<0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of iNOS in the Xiaoyaosan group were lower than those in the model group (both P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 were higher than model group(both P<0.05).(5) The expressions of CD206 and CD86 in hippocampus of the 4 groups were significantly different ( F=86.14, 24.02, both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher expression of CD86 in the hippocampus and a lower expression of CD206 (both P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the CD86 of Xiaoyaosan group was lower, while CD206 was higher (both P<0.05). (6) The HE staining results showed that the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of the model group mice exhibited disordered arrangement, fewer cells, larger intercellular space, unclear boundary and other changes.The morphology of the cells in the Xiaoyaosan group was improved compared to the model group. Conclusion:Xiaoyaosan can inhibit M1 activation of microglia and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of mice caused by chronic restraint stress, exerting neuroprotective effects and improving depressive behavior in mice.

Objective:To study the relationship between the polarization state of hippocampal microglia and depression-like behavior in mice and the regulatory effect of Xiaoyaosan.Methods:Sixty female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, Xiaoyaosan group and fluoxetine group according to the random number method with 15 in each group. Except for control group, the mice in the other 3 groups received chronic restraint stress for 21 days to establish the depressive model. The mice in the Xiaoyaosan group and fluoxetine group were gavaged with Xiaoyaosan(28.06 g/kg) and fluoxetine(3.03 mg/kg) respectively, while the mice in control and model groups received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. Mouse behaviors were evaluated by sucrose preference test and elevated plus maze test.ELISA was used to detect the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA) in serum and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), interleukin-10(IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and arginase-1(Arg-1) expression.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of iNOS, Arg-1, CD86 and CD206. The mRNA expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in hippocampus was detected by qRT-PCR. The pathological changes of hippocampus were observed by HE staining.SPSS 27.0 software was used to analyze the data. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD test was used for pairwise comparison.Results:(1) There were significant differences in sucrose preference among the 4 groups ( F=46.62, P<0.05).The sucrose preference of model group was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), while the sucrose preference of Xiaoyaosan group was higher than that of the model group ( P<0.05).There were significant differences in the number of open arm entries and residence time in the elevated plus maze test among the 4 groups ( F=24.63, 26.94, both P<0.05). The number of open arm entries and residence time in model group ((1.80±1.48)times, (6.19±1.67)s) were lower than those of the control group ((9.80±1.64)times, (56.81±2.75)s)) (both P<0.05). The number of open arm entries and residence time in Xiaoyaosan group ((6.80±0.84)times, (29.59±7.72)s) were significantly higher than model group(both P<0.05).(2) There were significant differences in serum 5-HT and DA levels among the 4 groups ( F=33.27, 76.03, both P<0.05). The serum 5-HT and DA levels in the model group were lower than those of the control group (both P<0.05).The serum 5-HT and DA levels in the Xiaoyaosan group were higher than those of model group (both P<0.05).(3)There were significant differences in the contents of TGF-β1, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6 in the hippocampus of 4 groups ( F=31.93, 64.01, 25.74, 28.14, all P<0.05). The contents of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in the model group were lower than those of the control group, while the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in Xiaoyaosan group ( TGF-β1: (30.40±1.56)pg/mL vs (23.77±2.24) pg/mL; IL-10: ((233.94±11.38)pg/mL) vs (130.46±15.34) pg/mL) were higher, and the contents of TNF-α ((73.35±1.51)ng/mL vs (85.89±4.52)pg/mL) and IL-6 (66.15±2.96)pg/mL vs (76.01±1.59)pg/mL) )were lower (all P<0.05).(4)The results of qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot all showed that there were significant differences in mRNA and protein levels of iNOS ( F=41.92, 20.78, 9.27, all P<0.05) and Arg-1 ( F=27.24, 24.23, 6.49, all P<0.05) in the hippocampus among the 4 groups of mice. The mRNA and protein levels of iNOS of the model group were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 were lower than those in the control group(both P<0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of iNOS in the Xiaoyaosan group were lower than those in the model group (both P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 were higher than model group(both P<0.05).(5) The expressions of CD206 and CD86 in hippocampus of the 4 groups were significantly different ( F=86.14, 24.02, both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group had a higher expression of CD86 in the hippocampus and a lower expression of CD206 (both P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the CD86 of Xiaoyaosan group was lower, while CD206 was higher (both P<0.05). (6) The HE staining results showed that the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of the model group mice exhibited disordered arrangement, fewer cells, larger intercellular space, unclear boundary and other changes.The morphology of the cells in the Xiaoyaosan group was improved compared to the model group. Conclusion:Xiaoyaosan can inhibit M1 activation of microglia and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of mice caused by chronic restraint stress, exerting neuroprotective effects and improving depressive behavior in mice.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between visual recovery and non-treponemal serologic test titers [tolulized red unheated serum test (TRUST) or rapid plasma reagin (RPR)] in patients with isolated ocular syphilis and those with ocular syphilis combined with neurosyphilis.Methods:A total of 35 ocular syphilis patients treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and the Department of Dermatology, the Fifth People′s Hospital of Suzhou between 2016 and 2024 were enrolled. Pre-treatment serum TRUST/RPR and treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay results were collected for all 35 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical, routine, TRUST/RPR, and TPPA results were obtained for 29 patients. Visual acuity (logMAR) before and after treatment was recorded for 21 patients (34 eyes). Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between pre-and post-treatment visual acuity, degree of visual recovery, and serum titers.Results:No significant differences in titer distribution were observed among the 35 ocular syphilis patients based on age or sex ( P>0.05). Among the 29 patients who underwent lumbar puncture, 17(58.62%) were diagnosed with ocular syphilis combined with neurosyphilis, while 12(41.38%) had isolated ocular syphilis. The proportion of patients with high pre-treatment serum titers did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P=0.294). The degree of post-treatment visual recovery showed a positive correlation with pre-treatment serum titers, indicating that higher initial titers were associated with better visual recovery (34 eyes, r=-0.302, P=0.081). Post-treatment visual acuity was positively correlated with pre-treatment visual acuity (34 eyes, r=0.547, P=0.001), suggesting that patients with poor baseline vision had worse post-treatment visual outcomes. The median visual improvement was logMAR 0.560 in the isolated ocular syphilis group and logMAR 0.202 in the neurosyphilis-combined group, with no significant difference between the two ( P=0.322). Conclusions:Ocular syphilis patients with higher pre-treatment titers exhibit better visual recovery, while poor post-treatment visual outcomes are associated with low baseline visual acuity.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between visual recovery and non-treponemal serologic test titers [tolulized red unheated serum test (TRUST) or rapid plasma reagin (RPR)] in patients with isolated ocular syphilis and those with ocular syphilis combined with neurosyphilis.Methods:A total of 35 ocular syphilis patients treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and the Department of Dermatology, the Fifth People′s Hospital of Suzhou between 2016 and 2024 were enrolled. Pre-treatment serum TRUST/RPR and treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay results were collected for all 35 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical, routine, TRUST/RPR, and TPPA results were obtained for 29 patients. Visual acuity (logMAR) before and after treatment was recorded for 21 patients (34 eyes). Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between pre-and post-treatment visual acuity, degree of visual recovery, and serum titers.Results:No significant differences in titer distribution were observed among the 35 ocular syphilis patients based on age or sex ( P>0.05). Among the 29 patients who underwent lumbar puncture, 17(58.62%) were diagnosed with ocular syphilis combined with neurosyphilis, while 12(41.38%) had isolated ocular syphilis. The proportion of patients with high pre-treatment serum titers did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P=0.294). The degree of post-treatment visual recovery showed a positive correlation with pre-treatment serum titers, indicating that higher initial titers were associated with better visual recovery (34 eyes, r=-0.302, P=0.081). Post-treatment visual acuity was positively correlated with pre-treatment visual acuity (34 eyes, r=0.547, P=0.001), suggesting that patients with poor baseline vision had worse post-treatment visual outcomes. The median visual improvement was logMAR 0.560 in the isolated ocular syphilis group and logMAR 0.202 in the neurosyphilis-combined group, with no significant difference between the two ( P=0.322). Conclusions:Ocular syphilis patients with higher pre-treatment titers exhibit better visual recovery, while poor post-treatment visual outcomes are associated with low baseline visual acuity.

Objective:To construct a health education program for patients with permanent enterostomy based on the information motivation behavioral skills model, and to test its effectiveness in improving patient readiness for discharge and reducing the incidence of early ostomy complications after discharge.Methods:From February 2021 to January 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 68 patients with low rectal cancer who were diagnosed by the Colorectal Surgery Department at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and underwent abdominal perineal combined radical resection of rectal cancer (Miles) as research subjects. Randomized number series were generated using the digital table method, and the subjects were randomly divided into control group (33 cases) and intervention group (35 cases) using the envelope method. The control group was housed in the first ward, while the intervention group was housed in the second ward. The control group implemented the conventional health education, while the intervention group carried out the health education based on the information motivation behavioral skills model. The discharge readiness scores, ostomy self-efficacy and ostomy complications were compared between the two groups on the day of discharge and one month after discharge.Results:Patients in the intervention group had higher discharge readiness scores and higher discharge readiness levels than those in the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.01) . The intervention group had higher levels of ostomy self-efficacy than the control group one month after discharge, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.01) . At the time of discharge for one month, the overall incidence of ostomy complications in the intervention group was 11.43% (4/35) , lower than 42.42% (14/33) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:The health education program based on the information motivation behavioral skills model can effectively increase the readiness of patients with permanent enterostomy for discharge, reduce the incidence of complications of the ostomy and surrounding skin, improve the ostomy self-efficacy and promote patient rehabilitation.

Plant serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-AT) have similar structural characteristics and high homology compared to the serine carboxypeptidase. They can transfer the acyl from acyl glucose esters to many natural products, participate in the acylation modification of plant secondary metabolites, enrich the structural diversity of natural products, and improve the physicochemical properties such as water solubility and stability of compounds. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, catalytic mechanism, functional characterization, and biocatalytic applications of SCPL-AT from plants. This will help to promote the functional characterization of these acyltransferase genes and the biosynthesis of useful plant secondary metabolites by synthetic biotechnology.
Acylation ; Acyltransferases/metabolism* ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism* ; Plants/enzymology*

Objective:To observe the efficacy of trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression in the treatment of elderly trigeminal neuralgia.Methods:A total of 96 elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to June 2016 were selected.48 patients were treated with percutaneous trigeminal semilunar ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation as a control group, and the other 48 patients were treated with trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression as the observation group.Efficacy indicators of post-operative pain severity scores, severity scores of post-operative complications, a sum of two categories of severity scores, which were compared between the two groups at one month and at 1, 3, 5 years after surgery.Results:One month after the operation, there was no significant differences in pain severity score, surgical complications severity scores, and a sum of two categories severity scores between the two groups of patients(all P>0.05). In the observation group versus the control group, pain severity scores were[(0.55±0.39)scores versus(0.94±0.61)scores, t=7.572, P=0.011 at 1 year after operation], [(0.81±0.61)versus(1.19±0.83)scores, t=7.513, P=0.012 at 3 years after operation]and[(1.13±0.65)and(1.55±0.91)scores, t=7.837, P=0.010 at 5 years after operation]respectively, showing more efficacy in observation group.In the observation group versus the control group, severity scores of surgical complications were[(0.39±0.28)and(0.67±0.49)scores, t=7.290, P=0.014, at 1 year after operation], [(0.65±0.37)and(0.94±0.55)scores, t=7.353, P=0.013 at 3 years after operation]and[(0.80±0.35)and(1.13±0.64)scores, t=7.475, P=0.012 at 5 years after operation], respectively, showing more efficacy in observation group.In the observation group versus the control group, overall efficacy from a sum of the two categories of severity scores were[(0.72±0.35)and(1.33±0.56)scorets, t=7.701, P=0.009 at 1 year after operation], [(1.21±0.49)and(1.78±0.70)scores, t=7.580, P=0.011 at 3 years after operation]and[(1.46±0.55)and(2.24±1.03)scores, t=8.026, P=0.007 at 5 years after operation], respectively, showing more efficacy in observation group.Overall, above three severity scores were lower than in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:For elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression has definite efficacy, long duration of pain relief, low incidence of surgical complications, and is safe and reliable, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To compare the difference of epileptiform discharges detection in patients with epilepsy between the 25 electrodes electroencephalogram (EEG) system proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology in 2017 and the previous 19 electrodes EEG system.Methods:Patients suspected of epilepsy or with confirmed epilepsy who need a follow-up EEG were collected in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2018 to November 2019, and conventional video-EEG recording was performed on all patients for two hours with the standard 25 electrodes EEG system. Two neurophysiologists reviewed the recordings blindly using the 19 electrodes system and the 25 electrodes system, marking the epileptiform discharges and their amplitudes. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 403 patients were included in the study, in which 263 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy, including 129 cases of generalized epilepsy, 115 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy, 13 cases of frontal lobe epilepsy, two cases of parietal lobe epilepsy and four cases of occipital lobe epilepsy. In 115 temporal lobe epilepsy patients, 76 (66.09%) and 100 (86.96%) records were detected epileptiform discharges by the 19 or 25 electrodes EEG system respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.939, P<0.001). While in patients with non-temporal lobe epilepsy, there was not statistically significant difference between the two systems. In 76 patients whose temporal epileptiform discharges were detected by the two systems, the amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in the newly-added inferior temporal electrodes (F9/F10, T9/T10, P9/P10) and the original temporal electrodes (F7/F8, T7/T8, P7/P8) were (61.53±22.64) μV and (48.25±20.90) μV, respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t=5.486, P<0.001). In patients with abnormal [79.59% (39/49) vs 61.22% (30/49), χ2=3.967, P=0.046] and normal [95.45% (42/44) vs 70.45% (31/44), χ2=9.724, P=0.003] imaging, the ability of the 25 electrodes EEG system to detect epileptiform discharges was higher than that of the 19 electrodes EEG system. Conclusion:The 25 electrodes EEG system can significantly improve the detection ability of temporal epileptiform discharges in patients with epilepsy, which is recommended for regular use to increase the detection ability of temporal area abnormal wave and assist the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.

Aged ; Blood Pressure ; COVID-19 ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Hypertension/prevention & control* ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective:To study the differences in the bone marrow histopathology between acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) in children and refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) to facilitate their diagnoses and differential diagnosis.Methods:The clinical data and bone marrow biopsies of the RCC and AAA cases diagnosed from January 2008 to December 2018 in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Children′s Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were analyzed.Results:A total of 71 AAA and 79 RCC cases were analyzed. There were 52 males and 19 females, age ranged 1.0-15.0 years (median, 8.9 years) in the AAA group, and 53 males and 26 females, age ranged 0.5-16.0 years (median, 5.0 years) in the RCC group. All the biopsy specimens of AAA patients had severe hypocellularity; the cellularity of 88.7% (63/71) specimens was under 5.0%, and 11.3%(8/71) was 5%-24%. None of the AAA specimens showed any dysplastic change. All the biopsy specimens of RCC patients had hypocellularity, including 94.9%(75/79) of the specimens with a cellularity of 5%-50%. All of the RCC specimens showed a patchy distribution of hematopoiesis. A dysplastic change of erythroid cells and micromegakaryocytes was found in 40.5% (32/79) and in 60.8% (48/79) of the RCC cases, respectively.Conclusions:The degree of hypocellularity, the distribution pattern of hematopoiesis, the cell composition and localization of erythroid cell clusters and the appearance of micromegaryocytes could help the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AAA and RCC.